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Protection Relays
MiCOM series 40 protection relays now include new hardware and features
to fully comply with the latest substation communication standards:
• Redundancy to IEC 62439 on PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)
or HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy)
• Dual IP addresses for independent Ethernet channels
• Operational Security ensured by Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
CUSTOMER BENEFITS to IEC 62351
• Compliant Interoperability (IEC 61850 Edition 1 & Edition 2)
• Universal device for any application
configuration Dual IP permits the physical segregation of the Ethernet networks, while
PRP and HSR enable seamless communication redundancy. Thanks to
• Well-known user-friendliness the latest IEC 61850 Ed2 communication, users will experience best-in-
• Operational security class interoperability, future-proof design, optimized communication, and
engineering costs.
• Augmented availability
To maximise the benefits of Ethernet, devices are secured by RBAC to
• Compliant interoperability
restrict and log intentional, accidental, or malicious access to protection
• Assured quality data or configuration.
• Partnered service MiCOM series 40 now combines the trustworthy and time-tested algorithms
with latest communication for ultimate security, reliability and flexibility.
02
Protection Relays MiCOM P64x
Functional Overview
(Description of ANSI code nos., see Protection Function Overview)
Transformer Differential
1. The three-phase VT input is optional. Protection P64x
2. The 27, 59, 59N and VTS functions require
the three-phase VT input.
3. The frequency required by the 81 function is obtained
from any analog signal, but the voltage signals have priority over the current signals.
Figure 2: System Overview of the P64x series – example 3 winding, 5 bias application
MAIN PROTECTION
87T Transformer Differential
The algorithm has a triple slope percentage bias restraint, as shown in A
Figure 3. An internal fault will generate differential current. The bias current
is that which merely flows through the protected unit, as a load or through- B
fed external fault. The initial characteristic is flat, for ease of commissioning,
C
rising then to bias slope (k1). This (k1) is a low slope for sensitivity to faults
whilst allowing for mismatch when the power transformer is at the limits
of its tapchanger range, in addition to any current transformer ratio errors.
At currents above rated, extra errors may be gradually introduced as a Figure 4: Typical magnetizing inrush waveform –showing
harmonic distortion
result of CT saturation, hence the bias slope is increased to k2. The P64x
incorporates transient bias and this combined with the k2 bias ensures that
CT knee point voltage requirements are minimized.
REF: Restricted Earth (Ground) Fault
A CT saturation detection element is included to distinguish a saturation
Restricted earth fault protection is included to
condition from a magnetizing one, and to improve tripping times of the
cover a larger percentage of the transformer
low-set element for internal faults with heavy CT saturation.
windings than might be possible with the main
differential elements. The P64x provides REF
Idiff protection for both Conventional and Auto
Transformer.
For conventional transformers, a separate
Is-HS2
element per winding is provided. For auto
I diff = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 + I 5
I1 + I 2 + I3 + I 4 + I5
I bias = C C
2 B B
A A
Figure 3: Biased differential protection (87T) 0 ... x ... 1
87T
Overfluxing Protection
The single-phase voltage input may be connected ph-ph or ph-neutral
and is provided to enable overfluxing detection. Alarm and tripping BACK-UP PROTECTION
characteristics, which are based on a measurement of the voltage to The MiCOM P642, P643, and P645 are delivered
frequency ratio, are provided. The alarm is definite time delayed whilst with comprehensive back-up protection. Typically
the trip characteristic may be applied with up to four definite time (DT) this will be used in time-delayed mode to improve
elements, or an IDMT curve plus up to three DT elements. The optional fault detection dependability for system (out-
additional three-phase VT input available in the P643 and P645 allows of-zone) faults. System integrity can also be
overfluxing to be applied on both HV and LV sides of the transformer, to improved, utilizing internal elements for load-
ensure optimum protection, irrespective of the loadflow direction. shedding, interlocking, alarm, or other purposes.
Both thermal overload and overfluxing elements are essentially thermal
based, modelling winding and oil heating, or heating of core bolts and Current-Based Protection
laminations. Due to time constants being in minutes (rather than seconds), Each winding, whether the current is directly
heating and cooling of both replicas can be relatively slow. A pre-trip measured from one CT input, or is a virtual
countdown is provided, displaying the time remaining to trip if the present summation from two CTs, has the following
level of load, or flux were to be maintained. elements available:
A pre-trip alarm can be applied, notifying the dispatcher that he/she has a • Phase fault overcurrent
certain number of minutes for remedial action, before a trip is likely. After
• Negative sequence overcurrent
any injection testing, all replicas can be forced to reset via a user command.
• Earth (ground) fault
• Voltage controlled overcurrent
Circuit Breaker Failure
Up to four stages of each element, per winding,
The breaker failure protection may be initiated from internal protection
are available – with a choice of standard IEC
within the P64x, and also from external devices. In the case of Buchholz
and ANSI / IEEE IDMT curves, instantaneous,
(sudden pressure) relays, the CBF elements for all breakers must be initated
and definite time operation. Where a P643/P645
in parallel. Where external feeder or busbar protection is applied to trip
has the three-phase VT option fitted and a P642
only one (or more) breaker(s), the P64x has the ability to initiate the CBF
has the single-phase VT option fitted, any of the
scheme on a per breaker basis. Retripping and backtripping schemes are
current protection applied on the same winding
supported, all with a fast-acting undercurrent check.
as the VT location may be directionalized.
Overcurrent elements, directionalized if
necessary, can be useful to clear reverse-fed
upstream faults, or for protection of adjacent
busbars.
Simple setting:
intuitive wizard needs only nameplate data
06
Protection Relays MiCOM P64x
Frequency Protection
Four stages of underfrequency and two stages
of overfrequency are provided, permitting
load shedding and restoration schemes to be
implemented.
Disturbance Records
High performance waveform records contain all CT and VT inputs (up to 30
channels), plus up to 32 digital states, extracted in COMTRADE format.
08
Protection Relays MiCOM P64x
UNIVERSAL IRIG-B
Universal IRIG-B is now included as standard on the new Ethernet cards.
Devices can be synchronised by modulated or unmodulated IRIG-B time
source without any pre-selection
Schneider Electric
35, rue Joseph Monier As standards, specifications and designs change from time
CS 30323 to time, please ask for confirmation of the information given
F - 92506 Rueil Malmaison Cedex (France) in this publication.
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NRJED111063EN 04-2015