Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table

Section and Points
Description of cultural
group (9)
 Culture
 Origin
 Current
population in US
 Current
population in
your community
Cultural beliefs related
to communication (10)
(eye contact, space &
distance issues, time &
punctuality, gender
communications)
How is health maintained?
(5)
 Dietary restrictions,
health rituals, etc
 What causes ill
health? (5)
Bulleted Info with APA in text citation provided Points/Comments
 Hispanic Culture is the largest and fastest growing ethnic/racial minority in the United States (Price
& Khubchandani, 2016).
 81% originate from four countries: 64.1% Mexico, 9.5% Puerto Rico, 3.7% Cuba and 3.7% El
Salvador (Price & Khubchandani, 2016).
 As of 2015, Hispanics make up 17.7% of the population, with a projected growth to 22.8% by 2035
(Price & Khubchandani, 2016).
 Hispanics make up approximately 6.1% of the Hampton Roads community (HRPDC,
demographics characteristics).
 3 concepts that drive cultural practices: Allocentrism (collectivism over individualism),
familialism (strong attachment to family) and simpatia (maintenance of smooth and pleasant social
relationships) (Hulme et al, 2003).
 Emotional expressiveness and physical contact, while direct eye contact may be avoided (Galanti,
2003).
 Decision making is a family affair, but ultimately the decision of the male head of household
(Galanti, 2003).
 Hesitant to discuss emotional issues, wishing to keep these situations private and in the family
(Galanti, 2003).
 Level of submission to decisions of patriarch depends on level of acculturation (Galanti, 2003).
 Some older Hispanic women admit being taught to manipulate situations to get what they want
while still letting the male believe he is making the decisions (Galanti, 2003).
 No prominent dietary restrictions noted
 Studies show a general deficiency in intake of all recommended food groups (Hulme et al., 2003).
 Exercise and health responsibility ranks low on health maintenance personal responsibility, with
spiritual growth holding a higher importance (Hulme et al., 2003).
 Good health is often considered a matter of good luck or a reward for good behavior (Hulme et al.,
2003).
 Lack of exercise (Hulme et al., 2003).
 74.4% of this population do not seek treatment or delay treatment due to cost (CDC, table 63).
 Top 3 causes of death: Malignant neoplasm, heart disease, unintentional injuries (CDC, table 19).

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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017
 Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table
Health beliefs/ practices  No specific practices related to pregnancy or the birthing process could be found, though there is
specific to pregnancy, the found to be a prominent level of stress when presented with language barriers during the birthing
birthing process, and
childrearing process (Galanti, 2003).
 Who attends the  Focus on familismo, which refers to a strong obligation to family. This practice encourages
birth? (3) warmth and involvement, but may also result in a more controlling parental style (Williams, Ayón,
Marsiglia, Kiehne, and Ayers (2016).
 There is a large amount of stress related to which American cultural norms will be allowed in the
family environment (Williams et al, 2016).
 Parents and children are acculturated at different rates, as children acclimate to language and
customs more quickly through schooling (Williams et al, 2016).
 Is circumcision  Circumcision is an accepted practice (Castro, Jones, Barradas, Lopez, and Weiss, 2010).
done? If so, what
 There are no specific rituals associated with the procedure.
rituals are
associated with it?  Women are more assertive in the decision making in this matter (Castro et al, 2010).
(3)
 Is birth control  In ages 15-44, 87.8% of sexually active women utilize contraception (CDC, table 8).
practiced and if it is
 26.7% use birth control pills, 22.8% utilize condoms (CDC, table 8)
what are the birth
control practices?  Women’s status is often associated with the ability to birth children, with the number of offspring
(3) contributing to the male’s virility (Galanti, 2003).
 Are there customs  Family support from other women in the family characterizes the post-partum period (Galanti,
associated with 2003).
the postpartum  The more acculturated, the less effective religious and spiritual support are in decreasing stress and
period for the
promoting health in the post-partum period (Mann, Mannan, Quinones, Palmer, and Torres, 2010).
mother or the
infant? (3)
 Is breast-feeding  70.4% of Hispanic mothers breastfeed their infants (CDC, table 9).
supported in the  47.4% of Hispanic mothers breastfeed their infants past age 3 months (CDC, table 9).
culture? (3)
 What are the  74.3%-93.8% of Hispanic children are vaccinated, variances depending on the type of vaccination
practices (CDC, table 66).
regarding  This is comparable to children of other ethnicities in the United States (CDC, table 66).
immunizations?
(3)

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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017
 Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table
Health beliefs/ practices  Family support is characteristic of Hispanic families when caring for the dying. In cases of chronic
specific to end of life & illness or end of life, Hispanic families tend to keep loved-one’s home longer than other ethnicities
death rituals (5)
(Galanti, 2003).
 What are the
practices for caring  Terminal illness information may be withheld from the ailing family member (Galanti, 2003).
for the dying and  Predominantly Catholic, funeral ceremonies follow the structure of the Catholic Church, with
the dead? Rosary reciting, group prayers and a wake (Brooten, Youngblut, Charles, Roche, Hidalgo, and
 If any, what are the Milkawi, 2016).
funeral practices of
the culture?
 What are the  Community practices characterize the period of mourning, which can last anywhere from 9 days
mourning practices after death to years afterward (Brooten et al, 2016).
of the culture? (5)
 Some mourning activities involve not watching television/listening to radio, wearing black or white
clothing, 9 days of prayer, and a special mass on the first anniversary of the family member’s death
(Brooten et al, 2016).
 There is a yearly Hispanic tradition to celebrate the dead called “Day of the Dead” (Mendez, 2011).
Physiological variations  Studies show that conditions such as asthma, allergies and bronchitis do not commonly emerge
within the culture which until the third generation in Hispanic immigrant groups (Balcazar, Grineski, and Collins, 2015).
affects treatment or
response to treatment  This is referred to as “the healthy immigrant advantage”, (Balcazar, Grineski, and Collins, 2015,
 Are there variations highlights).
within the culture
based upon
geography? (3)
 Are there genetic  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a contributing factor in the development of non-
predispositions to alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocarcinoma, and is also associated with the
any diseases? (3)
development of type 2 diabetes (Goran and Ventura, 2012).
 In a sample size of 2287 adults, 45% of Hispanics tested had NAFLD (Goran and Ventura, 2012).
 “An amino acid substitution (I148M; rs738409) in the PNPLA3 gene was associated with over 2-
fold higher liver fat content in adults, with the strongest effect observed in Hispanics in whom the
frequency of the variant was much higher (49%)” (Goran and Ventura, 2012, para. 3).
 Are there  Acculturation of the Hispanic population residing in America has contributed to the prevalence of
environmental type II diabetes with the increased use of high fructose corn syrup (Balcazar, Grineski, and Collins,
factors resulting in
physiological 2015).
variations? (3)

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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017

Role of nursing within the
culture
 How are nurses
valued, viewed /
utilized? (5)
 Are there
restrictions related
to the practice of
nursing? (5)
Based on the information
provided in this table, how
would you provide
culturally sensitive nursing
care to a patient from this
culture? Be specific (10)
Post to group discussion
area (5)
Spelling, punctuation,
grammar, organization,
references cited, and
reference page included (9)
Total: 100 Grade=
Comments:
Submit table and reference page to faculty mentor via Submissions, as well as post in correct Discussion Board Forum.
Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table
 The genetic pre-disposition of NAFLD has been exacerbated by this trend. Trade agreements
between Mexico and the United States has also resulted in an emergence of this problem in
countries native to Hispanics (Balcazar, Grineski, and Collins, 2015).
 Hispanics, primarily due to language barriers, feel that they are at the mercy of health care
professionals. There may also be confusion of roles for this reason (Sobel and Sawin, 2016).
 Personal relationships are valued, even in the relationships with the healthcare team (Sobel and
Sawin, 2016).
 A close relationship will encourage compliance (Galanti, 2003).
 There is a fear of discrimination, and they may often feel they are a “bother” to the medical team
(Sobel and Sawin, 2016).
 No specific cultural restrictions related to medical care could be readily discovered
 It is of importance to note that there is a disparity between opinions of Americans and Hispanics
about self-care practices. While the American health system encourages teaching and the
demonstration of self-care, the Hispanic culture guides the family to perform care during illness.
Self-care is less likely to occur at home also (Galanti, 2003).
 Be mindful that “immediate” family for Hispanics includes a much larger range of relatives than
that of non-Hispanic cultures. Inclusion of extended family is desired, if proper privacy laws are
upheld.
 Remembering that decision making is often a family affair, and that decisions may not be made
right away if there is a need to consult other family members regarding medical decisions.
 Ensure that communication barriers are eliminated to reduce stress during an already stressful time,
remembering that there is a fear of discrimination and a fear of appearing bothersome. This may
lead me to have a sharper anticipation of needs, for they may not be communicated for these
reasons.

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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017
 Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table

References

Balcazar, A. J., Grineski, S. E., Collins, T.W. (2015). The Hispanic health paradox across generations: The relationship of child generational status

and citizenship with health outcomes. Public Health, 129(6). 691-697. doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.007

Brooten, D., Youngblut, J. M., Charles, D., Roche, R., Hidalgo, I. H., & Milkawi, F. (2016). Death rituals reported by White, Black, and Hispanic

parents following the ICU death of an infant or child. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(2). 132-140. doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2015.10.017

Castro, J.G., Jones, D., Barradas, I., Lopez, M., Weiss, S. (2010). Attitudes towards neonatal male circumcision among Hispanic men and women in

Miami, Florida. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14(S1). E77. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1660

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention. (11/29/2017). National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/hispanic.htm#access

Galanti, G. A. (2003). The Hispanic family and male-female relationships: An overview. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(3). 180-185.

DOI: 10.1177/1043659603253548

Goran, M., & Ventura, E. (2012). Genetic predisposition and increasing dietary fructose exposure: The perfect storm for fatty liver disease in
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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017
 Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table
Hispanics in the U.S. Digestive and Liver Disease, 44(9). 711-713. doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2012.04.009

Hampton Roads Planning District Commission HRPDC (n.d.). Regional Census Data. Demographic Characteristics. Retrieved from

https://www.hrpdcva.gov/page/census-data/

Hulme, P. A., Noble-Walker, S., Effle, K. J., Jorgensen, L., McGowan, M. G., Nelson, J. D., Pratt, E. N. (2003). Health-

promoting lifestyle behaviors of Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(3). 244-254.

DOI: 10.1177/1043659603253562

Mann, J. R., Mannan, J., Quinones, L. A., Palmer, A. A., Torres, M. (2010). Religion, spirituality, social support, and perceived stress in pregnant

and postpartum Hispanic women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 39(6). 645-657. Retrieved from

https://www-clinicalkey-com.proxy.lib.odu.edu/nursing/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0884217515303269

Méndez, D.B. (2011). Key Characteristics of Mexican Spirituality. Transformation 28(3). 206–223.

DOI: 10.1177/0265378811405329

Price, J. H., & Khubchandani, J. (2016). Health education research and practice literature on Hispanic health issues: Have we lost sight of

the largest minority population? Society for Public Health Education 17(2). 172-176. DOI: 10.1177/1524839915626675
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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017
 Nursing 401 Cultural Exploration Table
Sobel, L. L., Sawin, E. M. (2016). Guiding the process of culturally competent care with Hispanic patients: A grounded theory study. Journal of

Transcultural Nursing, 27(3). 226–232. DOI: 10.1177/1043659614558452

Williams, L. R., Ayón, C., Marsiglia, F. F., Kiehne, E., & Ayers, S. (2017). Acculturation profiles and associations with parenting among immigrant

Latinos. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 39(4). 452–469. DOI: 10.1177/0739986317725509

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NURS 401: Professional Development for Baccalaureate Nursing
Cultural Exploration Table and Rubric
Old Dominion University School of Nursing
Fall 2017