PRINCIPLES OF VARIOUS FIBER

TESTING INSTRUMENTS
 TEXTLE TESTING
• Testing for FIBERS,YARN,FABRIC and
GARMENT.
• Testing means to check the quality of the
product.
TYPES OF TESTING:-
• Objective testing.
• Subjective testing.
 TYPES OF ERROR

• Consumer risk.(sample)
• Producer risk.(lot)
 CONDITIONING OVEN
PRINCIPLE:-
• REGAIN is the weight of the material.
• The weight of the material is measured under
a standard condition.
• The instrument is must calibration.
 PURPOSE
• To measure the amount of moisture present in
the given material.
• THERMO STAT - to control the
temperature.
• LIMITATIONS - difficult to connect the
perforated tray to physical balance for
normally.
• The performance of textile fibers (or) yarn (or)
fabric is differ in wet and dry conditions.
• Moisture regain=wt of water/oven dry wt x
100
• Moisture content=wt of water/total wt of
material x 100
 SHIRLEY TRASH ANALYSER
PURPOSE:-
• To measure the amount of trash content
present in the cotton fiber.
• TRASH means broken seeds.
• TRASH + COTTON KAPPAS.
• CLEAN COTTON LINT.
 SHIRLEY MOISTURE METER
PRINCIPLE:-
• The electrical resistance of textile fibers
various with different regain values.
 DISADVANTAGE

• If the using this instrument is that the dyeing

and chemical treatments alter the electrical
properties of the material and it is not to
possible to calibrate the instrument.
BAER SORTER:-
• To measure the fiber length in a old type
model.
DIGITAL FIBRO GRAPH:-
• To measure the fiber length value in digital
form and more accuracy.
 AIR FLOW AND FIBER FINENESS
• Air flow according to total gape in the base.
PRINCIPLE:-
• Rate of air flow ᾀ 1/surface area of fibers.
• A sample of known weight is compressed in a
cylinder to a known volume and subjected to
an air current at a known pressure.
• The rate of air flow through this porous plug
of fiber , related to the fineness of the cotton
fiber is measure.
 MICRONAIRE
PURPOSE:-
• To measure the fineness of the fiber.
FIBER FINENESS RATING:-
• Below 3 - very fine.
• 3 to 3.9 - fine.
• 4 to 4.9 - average fine.
• 5 to 5.9 - coarser.
• 6 and above - very coarser.
FINENESS:-
• Number of the fibers in the yarn is depends on
fiber fineness.
• Fineness denotes the size of cross sectional
dimensions.
• Linear density (or) weight/unit length of fiber
is more commonly used index of fineness.
METHOD OF FINENESS MEASUREMENT:-
• Optical.
• Unidimensional.
• Bidimensional.
• Air flow method.
 COTTON FIBER
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW:-
• lumen - empty space in cotton fiber.
• Lumen part ↓ maturity ↑ dyeability↑
METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF MATURITY:-
• Indirect method → CAUSTIC SODA SWELLING
METHOD
• Direct method →
1. Differential dyeing method.
2. Polarified high method.
3. Causticaire method.
 ABRASION RESISTANCE
• The Abrasion Tester cum Pilling Tester is used
to determine abrasion as well as pilling
resistance of any type of woven, non-woven,
knitted, and coated fabric.
 COLOR MATCHING CABINET
• The Color Matching Cabinet is used for visual
inspection of any colored material like textile,
paper, paint, ink, automotive etc.
• Standard Light sources are used for accurate
testing and inspection.
LIGHT SOURCE TYPE OF LIGHT COLOR TEMPERATURE

D-65 Artificial Day Light 6500K

CWF Cool White Fluorescent ( 4150K

Office Lighting )
TL-84 Triphospher Fluorescent Lamp 4100K
( Show room Light )
TL-83 Triphospher Fluorescent Lamp 4100K
( Show room light for
European Buyers)
UV Ultra Violet Light -------------

U-30 Ultra Lume Commercial 3000K

Fluorescent ( For American
Buyers)
TUNGSTEN FILAMENT Incandescent Light 2300 TO 2800K

U-35 American Narrow band 2500K

Fluorescent
ILLUMINANT A Tungsten Filament Halogen 2856K
Lamp
THANK YOU