Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Teochew Dialect Guo Da Li - Betrothal Guide for Teochew - 潮州人过大礼
Teochew Dialect Guo Da Li - Betrothal Guide for Teochew - 潮州人过大礼
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
:A3ÿ:31IA3Jÿ<Bÿ=A37;ÿ><23ÿB6DD3B=BÿI123BÿF;12ÿ@A<1ÿKA16ÿÿJA7IAÿ7Bÿ=A3ÿ;3D71>ÿ1Fÿ@A<1BA<>ÿMÿ=18<NOÿC7=Aÿ=A3ÿ:31IA3JBÿP37>Dÿ<>1=A3;
27D;<>=ÿ=1ÿB16=A3;>ÿ@A7><QÿN16ÿI<>ÿB33ÿ=A<=ÿ=A37;ÿJ3887>DÿI6B=12Bÿ<;3ÿB123JA<=ÿB727?<;ÿ=1ÿ=A3ÿ1=A3;ÿ87<?3I=ÿD;16RBÿJ7=AÿB123ÿB2<??ÿ3SI3R=71><?
87T3;3>I3BOÿ:<U3QÿF1;ÿ3S<2R?3Qÿ=A3ÿB7ÿ87<>ÿV7>ÿWXYOÿ:A7BÿD7F=ÿ7BÿR;<I=7I38ÿPNÿ=A3ÿ:31IA3JBÿB7>I3ÿA7B=1;NÿI<>ÿ=3??OÿZ=ÿ7Bÿ<ÿ[ÿR73I3BÿV3J3?;Nÿ=A<=ÿI1>B7B=Bÿ1Fÿ<
>3IU?<I3QÿR3>8<>=Qÿ<ÿR<7;ÿ1Fÿ3<;;7>DBÿ<>8ÿ<ÿP<>D?3ÿ<??ÿ2<83ÿ6Rÿ1FÿD1?8Oÿ:A3B3ÿ7=32BÿJ7??ÿP3ÿR;3B3>=38ÿPNÿ=A3ÿD;112\BÿF<27?Nÿ1>ÿ561ÿG<ÿH7ÿ ÿ8<NÿP6=
1>?NÿD7]3>ÿ=1ÿP;783ÿ86;7>Dÿ=3<ÿI3;321>Nÿ^_Oÿ:31IA3JBÿ<?B1ÿR;3F3;ÿ̀<UNÿR<B=;73Bÿ<>8ÿR3<>6=ÿI<>873BOÿ:A3Nÿ<?B1ÿD7]3ÿabcÿebÿfbcghijkÿ=1ÿP;783\B
D;<>821=A3;ÿ7FÿBA3ÿ7BÿB=7??ÿ<?7]3O
l1ÿ7FÿN16ÿ<;3ÿD17>Dÿ=1ÿF1??1Jÿ=A3ÿ:31IA3J\BÿI6B=12QÿN16ÿI<>ÿ;3F3;ÿ=1ÿ=A3ÿF1??1J7>Dÿ?7B=ÿ1Fÿ7=32BÿP3?1JO
ÿmnopqÿo+rÿmr++sÿp+ÿtr*tur*
E?<IUÿv38ÿ1;ÿl=;<JÿE<BU3=ÿ=1ÿI<;;Nÿ7=32B Z=wBÿ<ÿ=;<87=71><?ÿR;<I=7I3ÿ=1ÿI<;;Nÿ561ÿG<ÿH7ÿ7=32Bÿ7>ÿ<ÿP<BU3=Oÿ:A3B3ÿP<BU3=BÿI<>ÿP3
;3>=38ÿF;12ÿBA1RBO
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 5155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
ÿ*+,-.ÿ,/0ÿ*0//1ÿ-/ÿ20324{|}~
03 ~ÿ
{| ~ÿ
~~
ÿ~|
|ÿ
|
5ÿ789:;ÿ9;<ÿ=8>?;@ÿABCD:ÿE8CÿFGHÿIJ@KÿLCM9 VC9ÿ877ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=WUÿXPCMD@ÿ:JY;DÿPMW@ÿK8Y;ÿDMPN;9WÿJDÿZ
N;@9C@K87ÿ:JO@ÿPCD;LÿQRÿASJDÿTJDHU
5ÿ9;<ÿ=8>?;@ÿABCD:ÿE8CÿFGHÿIJ@Kÿ[\J8=;9 `KJWÿPCD;LÿJWÿ@Cÿ@K8D?ÿN9J<;aWÿ=89;D@WÿOC9ÿK;9ÿM=ÿN9JD:JD:Uÿ̀KJWÿJWÿC=@JCD87ÿOC9ÿPCW@
PCD;L[ÿ]^_GU <J87;>@ÿ:9CM=WUÿbCP;ÿ<J87;>@Wÿ89;ÿ>CP=M7WC9LUÿb;;ÿJD<JYJ<M87ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=ÿOC9ÿPC9;
JDOCU
cÿ=8J9WÿCOÿdKJD;W;ÿI;<<JD:ÿ>8D<7;Wÿeÿfgh `K;W;ÿ>KJD;W;ÿI;<<JD:ÿ>8D<7;Wÿ89;ÿP;8D@ÿ@CÿN;ÿ7J@ÿ<M9JD:ÿ@K;ÿ=9C>;WWÿCOÿB8J9
iCD:ÿV;D:ÿjKMÿAcÿ<98:CDkÿcÿ=KC;DJlÿI8l dCPNJD:ÿmJ@M87ÿno
>8D<7;WH
pJO@ÿOC9ÿqC@K;9eJDe78IrÿqJDJPMPÿsÿSJ:ÿ@9C@@;9 dCPPCDÿ:JO@ÿOC9ÿPCW@ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=WUÿbCP;ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=WÿP8Lÿ9;tM;W@ÿOC9ÿ9C8W@;<
>8DW =J:ÿuvÿC9ÿ9C8W@;<ÿ=C9?ÿP;8@ÿuwUÿb;;ÿJD<JYJ<M87ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=ÿOC9ÿPC9;ÿJDOCU
pJO@ÿOC9ÿV8@K;9eJDe78IrÿclÿNC@@7;WÿCOÿK89< dCPPCDÿ:JO@ÿOC9ÿPCW@ÿ<J87;>@ÿ:9CM=U
7JtMC9ÿC9ÿ9;<xIKJ@;ÿIJD;
`98<J@JCD87ÿI;<<JD:ÿ>8?;Wÿ_y zK8@ÿ?JD<ÿCOÿ>8?;Wÿxÿ=8W@9J;WÿIJ77ÿ<;=;D<ÿCDÿ=89;D@aWÿ<JW>MWWJCDUÿd8?;WÿIJ77ÿN;
<JW@9JNM@;<ÿ@CÿO8PJ7Lÿ8D<ÿ9;78@JY;WU
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 3155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
ÿ*+,-.ÿ,/0ÿ*0//1ÿ-/ÿ20324ijkl
03 mlnnopqÿsijt mlnnopqÿsluvowls xopnÿvlpnjus yzj{|ÿ{s z}jq
56789:ÿ78<ÿ=6>7?6ÿ@78<A =A?BCDE>6ÿ:CÿF7G6ÿCHÿ>IJE8K>ÿ>CC8L
M7CÿN7ÿOCJÿPQR S6<<E8KÿI7>:JAÿTCJÿ:6C@F6ULÿV8DAÿ7IIDE@7BD6ÿETÿKJ78<?C:F6JÿE>ÿ>:EDDÿ7JC98<L
WD7@XÿNC>>YÿZ7ÿ[7Eÿ\] =A?BCDE>6ÿ>:JEXE8KÿJE@F
^ÿ:Cÿ_`ÿCJ78K6> =A?BCDE>6ÿKCC<ÿD9@XL
[F7J@C7Dÿab =A?BCDE>6ÿ7ÿKCC<ÿDET6ÿ7T:6Jÿ?7JJE7K6ÿTCJÿ:F6ÿBJE<6L
cC9BD6ÿd7IIE86>>ÿ=:E@X6J>ÿefgh ZCJÿFC?6ÿ<6@CJ7:EC8L
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 0155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
ÿ+,-./ÿ-01ÿ+1002ÿ.0ÿ31435
14 ÿ ÿ ÿ ¡ÿ ¢
6ÿ89:8ÿ;<ÿ=9>ÿ?@AA9=8ÿBCDEÿ:;ÿF@AGÿ;H9= NKN<:ÿO9>ÿPQ;:F
I@JAÿ>;;=KÿLÿ<;=ÿG=;;IMÿLÿ<;=ÿ?=J>9
RÿS@J=ÿ;<ÿT;T;AU:8 VWI?;QJ89ÿ@ÿ<U:U=9ÿXJ:FÿIUQ:JYG9A9=@:J;AÿZ[Z\
]@A@A@ VWI?;QJ89ÿ:;ÿ?=JAGÿJAÿTFJQ>=9Aÿ^_`\Kÿa:ÿJ8ÿF;I;SF;A9ÿ<;=ÿb?=JAGcK
6ÿT@A8ÿ;<ÿ:9@ÿQ9@H98ÿ@A>ÿ6ÿS@Td9:8ÿ;<ÿXFJ:9 e;ÿ8WI?;QJ89ÿ899>8ÿG=;XJAGÿJA:;ÿ:=998
898@I9ÿ899>8
fÿhijkÿlmnÿ oÿpkqrkÿsmtkrituÿikvwuÿjmxÿ ÿytÿzq{rt|ÿ}xmsvuuKÿeF989ÿJ:9I8ÿ@=9ÿ<;=ÿS=989A:@:J;Aÿ@A>ÿ@=9ÿ:;ÿ?9ÿ?=;UGF:ÿ?@Tdÿ:;ÿG=;;I~8
F;I9K
9X9Q=Wÿ;=ÿ:F9ÿ?=J>9ÿÿSJ9T98ÿ;<ÿG;Q> e9;TF9XÿTUQ:U=9ÿU8U@QQWÿG;ÿ<;=ÿÿJ@AÿJAÿKÿeF989ÿ
9X9Q=J98ÿXJQQÿ?9ÿS=989A:9>
9X9Q=Wÿÿ=JAGMÿ9@==JAG8MÿA9TdQ@T9ÿ@A> >U=JAGÿU;ÿ@ÿJÿ?U:ÿXJQQÿ;AQWÿ?9ÿGJH9Aÿ?WÿG=;;Ic8ÿS@=9A:8ÿ>U=JAGÿ:9@ÿT9=9I;AWK
?@AGQ9
=J9>ÿ;AG@Aÿ ;AG@Aÿ8WI?;QJ89ÿ?Q988JAG8ÿ<;=ÿ@ÿ>=@G;Aÿ?;Wÿ`\K
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 )155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
ÿ*+,-.ÿ,/0ÿ*0//1ÿ-/ÿ20324cdef
03 gfhhijkÿmcdn gfhhijkÿmfopiqfm rijhÿpfjhdom stduvÿum twdk
567ÿ79:6; 567ÿ79:6ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿB??7ÿC?D:EF6ÿGHIJK
L?:E;ÿ;667; L?:E;ÿ;667;ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿM9NAFBÿ=9F<ÿOMA@7D6FÿPPQRK
SDA67ÿ=6@?Fÿ;@AO6 SDA67ÿ=6@?Fÿ;@AO6ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿ;T66:ÿ@AC6ÿ:?B6:M6DÿC?Dÿ:M6ÿO?EU@6ÿVVWWK
LA@<ÿ>E@>; LA@<ÿ>E@>;ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿM9D=?FA?E;ÿEFA?FÿC?Dÿ<69D;ÿ:?ÿO?=6ÿXYZ[K
\9@FE:ÿ?Dÿ]69FE: \9@FE:ÿ?Dÿ]69FE:ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿM9D=?F<ÿ>6:T66FÿC9=A@<ÿ^^__K
SDA67ÿ:9FB6DAF6 SDA67ÿ:9FB6DAF6ÿ;<=>?@A;6ÿBD69:ÿ9T6;?=6ÿ@EO`ÿabK
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 2155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
ÿ+,-./ÿ-01ÿ+1002ÿ.0ÿ31435
14 ÿ
ÿ ÿ
ÿ
6ÿ89:;<ÿ9=ÿ>ÿ;?;@;AB<ÿ<;;C< DE@89?F<;ÿ8?;<<FAG<ÿ=9HÿBI;ÿJ9KL?;ÿB9ÿIMN;ÿ89KABF=K?ÿIMHN;<B<ÿOPQRSTUÿ>ÿ;?;@;AB
<;;C<ÿMH;ÿCFV;H;ABÿGHMFA<ÿ?FW;ÿH;Cÿ8;MA<XÿGH;;Aÿ8;MA<XÿYI;MBXÿ<9Eÿ8;MA<Xÿ8MH?;Eÿ9H
HFJ;U
Z[\]^ÿ̀[]abÿ[\c[ÿdefÿg`hhÿifdÿchejkÿg`[\ÿlfeÿmcÿn`ÿ̀[]abÿ[\c[ÿ̀bÿje[ÿoc^[ÿepÿlfeÿmcÿn`
DIMHLÿJ9@8XÿH;Cÿ<BHFAGÿMACÿ@FHH9Hÿ<;B q<;CÿCKHFAGÿrMFHÿs9@8FAGÿtuÿJ;H;@9AEUÿ
v ÿw4.x1y,yzÿ+,-./ÿ-01ÿ{1,|4ÿ.0ÿ3143514
}MBJIXÿJK~FAW<Xÿ8;?B<XÿG9?CÿHFAGÿ9HÿYM??;BÿYFBIÿMAGÿ8M9ÿU I;<;ÿMH;ÿGF=B<ÿ=9HÿBI;ÿGH99@U
6ÿ89BB?;<ÿ9=ÿ9HMAG;ÿKFJ;ÿ9Hÿ<EHKLÿFAÿ;:JIMAG;ÿ9=ÿ?FK9H DE@89?F<;<ÿG99Cÿ?KJWU
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 )155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
* ÿ,-./01213ÿ425.6ÿ570ÿ8029-ÿ.7
ÿ:0-:;0-ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
<=>?@=Aÿ=Cÿ?DEÿF@C?ÿ>EGE@HEIÿC>=JÿF>==JKÿ<L>?ÿ=Cÿ?DEÿ@?EJM TEAE>LRRUVÿU=NÿGLAÿF@HEÿSLGQÿDLRCKÿWN?ÿM?@RRÿIEPEAIMÿ=Aÿ@AI@H@INLR
>EGE@HEIÿMNGDÿLMÿ?DEÿOEII@AFÿPLM?>@EMÿLAIÿGLQEMÿO@RRÿSEÿ>E?N>AEIK CLJ@R@EMK
XNL?ÿQNEDÿYZ [UJS=R@MEMÿP>=MPE>@?U
yÿz=O>Uÿ[EO@AFÿW={ÿ[E?ÿ|}~ [UJS=R@MEÿSE@AFÿS=NAIEIÿ?=FE?DE>KÿMEIÿIN>@AFÿXL@>ÿ=JS@AFÿ
ÿGE>EJ=AU
yÿNRE> [UJS=R@MEÿ?=ÿDLHEÿJLAUÿGD@RI>EAÿLAIÿF>LAIGD@RI>EAÿK
MEIÿIN>@AFÿXL@>ÿ=JS@AFÿ
ÿGE>EJ=AU
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 )155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
) ÿ+,-./0102ÿ314-5ÿ46/ÿ7/18,ÿ-6|}~
ÿ9/,9:/,ÿ|} ÿ ÿ} }ÿ }
;<=>?ÿA>BC ;DEFGHIJCÿ=GIB=ÿKL?G<=LÿKLIMNÿ>BOÿKLIBÿKG=CKLC?ÿPQRST
U?IO>HÿCJJCBKI>HJÿ ;DEFGHIJCÿjC?KIHIKDTÿkG<ÿM>Bÿ>HJGÿ=CKÿEIBI>K<?CÿJCKÿKGÿ?CiH>MCÿKLC
VÿWCJMCBO>BKÿX>IHÿ;CKÿYZ[\ÿ >MK<>HÿIKCEJT
Vÿ]<=ÿJCKÿ^_^`abÿ
Vÿc>MCÿdGeCHÿ;CKÿ^_^`fgÿ
Vÿh>JLÿF>JIBÿ
Vÿ;iIKKGGBÿ
VÿdGGKLi>JKCÿ
VÿdGGKLF?<JL
lÿi>I?JÿGjÿJHIiiC?JÿjG?ÿeCOOIB=ÿMG<iHC mCeÿJCKÿGjÿLG<JCÿJHIiiC?JÿnoPpT
qIBCBÿMGrC? mCeÿJCKÿGjÿiIHHGeÿMGrC?Jÿ>BOÿFCOÿJLCCKT
dC>ÿMC?CEGBDÿsIBÿML>ÿJCKÿtuvw xJCOÿjG?ÿyvÿKC>ÿMC?CEGBDÿ>Kÿ=?GGEzJÿLG<JCÿO<?IB=ÿ{MK<>HÿW>DT
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 6155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
* ÿ,-./01213ÿ425.6ÿ570ÿ8029-ÿ.7
ÿ:0-:;0-ÿ ÿ¡¢£ ¤ÿ¢¡ ¥¦§¨ÿ§ ¦©
<=>=>?ÿABCÿDEFGHIÿCJKCÿ=>LMNOBAÿPÿQRSMAÿK>OÿPÿTK=UAÿRVÿATRR>A \JRTAC=LWAÿA]^QRM=ABÿJK_=>?ÿR`ÿATU=>?AÿARR>ÿabcde
K>OÿLJRTAC=LWAÿXYXZ[H
fÿTK=UÿRVÿgURATBU=C]ÿhK^Tÿijk l]^QRM=ABÿVBUC=M=C]ÿK>OÿSBKMCJÿijmne
fÿUBOÿN^QUBMMKÿop qABOÿCRÿAJ=BMOÿQU=OBÿONU=>?ÿrsÿ\JNÿtBÿCRÿSKUOÿR`ÿK>]ÿ>B?KC=_B
BMB^B>CAe
uKCBÿLR=>Aÿvÿ<KÿwNK>ÿx=KRÿwNK>ÿyzy qABOÿONU=>?ÿ^KCU=^R>=KMÿQBOÿABCC=>?ÿ{|eÿgMKLBÿLR=>AÿKCÿ}
LRU>BUAÿRVÿCJBÿQBO~ÿLRU>BUAÿRVÿURR^ÿK>Oÿ=>ÿLNTQRKUOA~ÿOUKSBUAe
\JKULRKMÿ l]^QRM=ABÿKÿ?RROÿM=VBÿKVCBUÿ^KUU=K?BÿVRUÿCJBÿQU=OBe
ÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿ ÿ
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 )155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
) ÿ+,-./0102ÿ314-5ÿ46/ÿ7/18,ÿ-6
ÿ9/,9:/,ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
;<=>ÿ@<AÿBCD @EF=<GFHÿI<AÿJKHÿLMNFHÿ=ONPNAQÿERÿLNSMÿQOEETÿ=JONAQÿUV
W;H<PNAQÿGON=HXKÿMEJKHYZ
[EJA=ÿ\ETG]ÿOH=ÿKSONAQÿ<A=ÿTNOOEOÿKHS ^KH=ÿ=JONAQÿ_<NOÿ̀ETGNAQÿabÿ\HOHTEA>Zÿ
c.d9ÿ-6ÿ5,e-160f
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 54155
01213456 789
8ÿ8
ÿ9ÿÿÿÿ89ÿ8ÿ9ÿ789
8ÿÿ
)*)+,ÿ.,//012 KLMN vM+NM+)w,ÿMxx0v,ÿ)//+
ÿ,KK
ÿ
bcdÿ
efghijkjl mÿ
73456 7F?:9IGÿOP4Q U6<:@D?Wÿ4nÿoI??:I<6 H4?Q4?ID6ÿ4yJ6zÿ_ÿBC?;ÿ?4I9ÿ{Ya|
UpoÿV?4J69C?6ÿ:; Y}ÿO:;<IQ4?6ÿ}~ZZ^^
78699:;<ÿ>6;94?@ 7RIS4C?:D6@ O:;<IQ4?6ÿq\]Y_
r9:D:4;s pQ6;:;<ÿ34C?@zÿo4;9IW@ÿY]I5|
7AB4CDÿE@ 7OP4QÿRAT XC;6ÿYZDP[ÿ\]Y^ aQ5
78699:;<ÿFG4< 7OP:QQ:;<ÿI;9ÿU6DC?;@ r5I:Gz
8699:;<ÿH4@Dÿ:; 6;uC:?WI5I?6699:;<J45
7H4;DIJDÿE@ 7V?:SIJWÿV4G:JW O:;<IQ4?6ÿq\]Y_
r9:D:4;s
R6B?CI?WÿY@D[ÿ\]Y_
V?IJD:JIGÿ8IW@ÿD4
OIS6ÿ4;ÿt4C?
8699:;<ÿFI;uC6Dÿ:;
O:;<IQ4?6
XI;CI?Wÿ\`DP[ÿ\]Ya
H4QW?:<PDÿ\]Y_ÿA5I?6ÿ8699:;<ÿÿAGGÿU:<PD@ÿU6@6?S69ÿÿV46?69ÿBWÿ8699:;<ÿVGI;;6?ÿO:;<IQ4?6ÿÿFWÿHÿOrp
!"#118$%!$$8"$%!98&$81
$8"8'8$%'%81(89'%"'%9''189
81 55155