Kinematic of Drill

Kinematic system in any machine tool is comprised of chain(s) of several

mechanisms to enable transform and transmit motion(s) from the power
source(s) to the cutting tool and the work piece for the desired machining action.

Cutting motion:
The cutting motion in drilling machines is attained by rotating the drill at
different speeds (r. p. m.).

Feed motion:
Feed is the rate penetration of the drill into the
work. Like cutting velocity or speed, the feed
(rate) also needs varying (within a range)
depending upon the tool-work materials and
other conditions and requirements.
Kinematic of Cutting motion:
By rotating the drill at different speeds (r. p. m.).

Feed
motion
Drill spindle assembly:
The drill spindle is a vertical shaft, which holds the drill. A long keyway is cut on the spindle and a
sliding key connects it with a bevel gear or a stepped cone pulley. It receives motion from the driving
motor. The spindle rotates within a non-rotating sleeve known as quill. The spindle and the sleeve are
connected by a thrust bearing.

Rack teeth are cut on the outer surface of

the quill. The sleeve (quill) may be moved up and
down by rotating a pinion which meshes with the
rack.
A morse taper hole is provided at the lower
end of the spindle. It is useful in accommodating a
taper shank drill. The tang of the drill fits into a slot
provided at the end of the taper hole. To remove the
drill from the spindle a drift may be pushed through the
slot.
 Working principle & Application of Drilling machine
The primary function of a drilling machine is to originate a hole. But it can be used to perform

various types of similar type of operations. In a drilling machine a hole can be drilled quickly at low cost.

This hole is generated by the rotating edge of a cutting tool known as drill. This drill or drill bit exerts

large amount of force on the job. So as this machine exerts vertical pressure to originate a hole, this

machine is sometimes loosely called as “Drill Press”.

OPERATIONS PERFORMED
1. Drilling; 4. Boring; 7. Spot facing;

2. Reaming; 5. Counter boring; 8. Trepanning;

3. Tapping; 6. Countersinking; 9. Grinding;

10. Lapping etc.

 TWIST DRILL NOMENCLATURE
TYPES OF DRILL OR DRILL BIT

1. Flat or Spade drill 2. Straight Fluted drill

4. Taper Shank Core drill (3

3. Two-Lip Twist drill
or 4 fluted)

a) Parallel Shank (Short Series or

5. Oil Tube drill
"Jobbers" ) Twist drill

b) Parallel Shank (Stub Series) Twist drill 6. Centre drill

c) Parallel Shank (Long Series) Twist drill

d) Taper Shank Twist drill

ELEMENTS OF TWIST DRILL

1. Flutes 2. Tang

3. Land 4. Body

5. Helix Angle or Rake Angle 6. Neck

7. Point Angle 8. Heel

9. Chisel Edge Angle 10. Lip Angle

11. Lip Clearance Angle 12. Face

13. Shank 14. Flank

 DEEP HOLE DRILLING

This machine is operated at high speed and low feed with sufficient amount of
lubricants. In some cases both the work as well as the drill rotates. The machine spindle
may be horizontal or vertical type. The job may be supported at 3 or 4 positions. The drill
is removed from the work each time automatically after it penetrates into the work equal to
the diameter of the drill. Generally rifle barrels, crank shaft, long shafts etc. are used to
produce by this type of machine.
 CUTTING PARAMETERS, MACHINING TIME CALCULATION

CUTTING SPEED: The cutting speed in drilling operation refers to the peripheral speed of a point on
the surface of the drill in contact with the work. It is generally expressed in m/min.
i.e. cutting speed

. Where D is the diameter of the drill in mm. and N is the rotational speed in rpm.
Cutting speed depends on –

a. The kind of material being drilled. Softer the material higher will be the cutting speed.

b. Cutting tool material.

c. Quality of the surface finish required.

d. Efficient use of cutting fluid.

e. Method of holding the work.

f. The size, type and rigidity of the machine.

 CUTTING PARAMETERS, MACHINING TIME CALCULATION
FEED: The feed of a drill is the distance through which the drill moved into the work at each revolution
of the machine spindle. It is generally expressed in mm. per revolution.

Where Sm= Feed per min.; Sr= Feed per revolution and N is the rpm.
The amount of feed depends on –
a. Type of the material.
b. Rigidity of the job and machine.
c. Depth of the hole to be produced.
d. Type of finish required.
e. Power available.
f. Range of feed (in case of automatic machines) available.

DEPTH OF CUT: In case of drilling operation depth of cut is always half of the drill diameter. i.e. D/2.
 MACHINING TIME

L1 → Thickness of the job.

L2 →Approch of the drill (0·29D) mm.

L3 →Over run of the drill (0·29D) mm.

L4 →Allowance.

∴ L = (L1+ L2+ L3+ L4) mm.

∴ Machining time min.

PROB 1:
Calculate the time required to drill a hole of 10 mm diameter and rotating at 250 rpm on a

MS Plate of 30 mm thick. Take feed per rev. as 0.5 mm.

PROB 2:
Calculate the time required to drill 5 numbers of hole of 20 mm diameter on an Al Plate

having thickness 25 mm. Take cutting speed 50 m/min and feed per rev. as 1.0 mm.

PROB 3:
An automatic up-right drill machine have the available spindle speeds and feed rates are

90, 150, 275, 350 (rpm) and 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 1.0, 1.20, 1.35, 1.5

(mm/rev) respectively. This machine is used to drill 20 mm diameter X 6 nos. of hole by a

HSS drill bit on a MS plate having 30 mm thickness. Calculate the minimum time required

to perform the task. Assume all necessary Data.

CUTTING SPEED TABLE
FEED TABLE
 LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS
1. Kinematic structure , working principle of a Up-right drilling machine

2. Kinematic structure , working principle of a Radial drilling machine

3. Field of application of a Drilling machine

4. Draw a neat sketch of a Twist Drill and level its all necessary positions

5. With a block diagram state the working principle of a Deep Hole Drilling
Machine

6. Define “Cutting Speed”; “Feed”; and “Depth of Cut” related to drilling

machine

7. With sketch deduce the time required for drilling a hole