The Distribution of the Sample Mean

Example 1:
A bottling company uses a filling machine to fill plastic bottles with a popular cola. The
bottles are supposed to contain 300 ml. In fact, the contents vary according to a normal
distribution with a J.1 = 298 ml and (Y = 3 ml.
What is the probability that a randomly selected bottle contains < 295
ml?
295 -298
P(Bottle x < 295) = P(Z< )= -1.00 = .1587
3
Thus, there is nearly a 16% probability that just 1 randomly selected
bottle contains < 295 ml.

Example 2:
What is the probability that the average contents of 6 randomly selected
bottles is < 295?

P(x < 295) = P(z

. - ( 295-298 -3
Ch angmg x to z < 3//6 )-=-2.45
1.22
x-J.1
z=-- z < -2.45

1~
=.0071

Thus, there is < 1% probability that 6 randomly selected bottles

contain < 295 ml.

Note: A larger sample equals a smaller probability.

Example 3:
J.1 = 8000 (Y = 3200 n=64

P( x> 9000) = P(z > 9000 - 8000 = 1000 z> 2.5 = .0062
3200/ J64
320%
 Example 4:

1. (5, ~ ~ ~ SD of distribution
IT(l- IT)
n

Assuming the proportion of red M&Ms is actually 25%. What is the probability
that the proportion of red M&Ms for a sample of size 30 is 22% or less?

P(p<.22) = P( z < .22 - .25 = p(z < - .03 )p(z < -.38) = .3520
.25(1- .25) .08
30

There is a 35% probability that the proportion of red M&Ms for a sample of 30 is ::::
22%.