Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Batangas
District of Calaca
BATANGAS PROVINCE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Dacanlao, Calaca, Batangas

A Case Study
On
Asthma

Submitted by:

Karl Benedic Garcia

Monique Sabo-o
Submitted to:

Mrs. Geralyn Alday

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 3

Literature Reviews ………………………………………………………………. 4

Method …………………………………………………………………………... 5

Discussion ……………………………………………………………………...... 6

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 7

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 I. INTRODUCTION

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder that causes recurrentep

isodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough, especially at night or
in the early morning. These asthma episodes are associated with airflow limitation or
obstruction that is reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. Asthma usually begins
in childhood or adolescence, but it also may first appear during adult years. While the
symptoms may be similar, certain important aspects of asthma are different in children and
adults.

Bronchial asthma is the more correct name for the common form of asthma. The term
'bronchial' is used to differentiate it from 'cardiac' asthma, which is a separate condition that is
caused by heart failure. Although the two types of asthma have similar symptoms,
including wheezing (a whistling sound in the chest) ans shortness of breath, they have
quite different causes.

Bronchial asthma is usually intrinsic (no cause can be demonstrated), but is

occasionally caused by a specific allergy (such as allergy to mold, dander,
dust). This case study is a thorough learning about Bronchial Asthma, which
contains a study about the normal physiology of the disease, a thorough assessment
of the patient with said illness, applied nursing care plans to patients having this
kind or disease, and discharge planning to a patient to limit the recurrence of the
attack. If not proper management and care to be given during the time of asthma
attack.

II.

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 II. LITERATURE REVIEWS

Literature review:

Method of research; a literature search was done on Cochrane library, Centre evidence-base
medicine, web of science and MEDLINE databases. The search done by using the search titles:
Guidelines of asthma exacerbation management in adults, peak flow meter, pulmonary function
tests, skin prick tests and inhalants allergens.
The research outcome; out of a total of 594 publications identified, 36 papers selected which
published in primer Journals.
288 papers excluded because of no relevance to asthma exacerbations
189 papers were duplicated.
60 were not in English Language.
21 related to non-Human.

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 III. METHOD
His name is Aaron Marielle Garcia, 11 years old. We chose him as the subject for our
case study because he is one of the people that have that Asthma. He was born on January 6,
2005. He lives in Dacanlao, Calaca, Batangas.

According to the statement of the patient, he has been suffering from difficulty in
breathing for the last … years. Initially, for a few years, it was episodic, occurring mainly during
the winter seasons, and he was asymptomatic in between the attacks. But for the last … years, it
is persistent with occasional exacerbations. His breathlessness is worse at night and sometimes
during the daytime. It is aggravated by cold, dust and activity. There is no history of orthopnea or
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
The patient also complains of cough which is usually dry, with occasional scanty mucoid
sputum expectoration, but no history of hemoptysis. Cough is present throughout the day and
night, more on exposure to dust or cold. He also experiences wheeze and tightness of the chest
during coughing. On query, the patient agreed that he has occasional attack of running nose and
sneezing, more marked on exposure to dust. There is no history of chest pain, weight loss or
fever. His bowel and bladder habits are normal.

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 IV. DISCUSSION

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes
recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness
of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning.
Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United
States, more than 25 million people are known to have asthma. About 7 million of these people
are children.
The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and
environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include:

 An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe)

 Parents who have asthma
 Certain respiratory infections during childhood
 Contact with some airborne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in
early childhood when the immune system is developing
 If asthma or atopy runs in your family, exposure to irritants (for example, tobacco smoke)
may make your airways more reactive to substances in the air.
 Some factors may be more likely to cause asthma in some people than in others.
Researchers continue to explore what causes asthma.

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 V. CONCLUSION

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes (airways) that cause swelling
and narrowing (constriction) of the airways. The bronchial narrowing is usually either totally or
at least partially reversible with treatments. The most common chronic illness in children,
affecting one in every 15.It involves only the bronchial tubes and usually does not affect the air
sacs or the lung tissue. The narrowing that occurs in asthma is caused by three major factors:
inflammation, bronchospasm, and hyper reactivity.