Definition: Mensuration is a science of measurement of the lengths of lines, areas

of surfaces and volumes of solids.

Plane Figures: Planes are two-dimensional i.e. these two dimensions are namely
length and breadth. These occupy surface.
E.g. Triangle, Quadrilateral & Circle etc.

Triangle:

Scalene :

a, b and c are three sides of triangle and s is the semi perimeter .

S= , b is the base and h is the altitude of triangle.

Area : (i)

(ii) ( Hero’s formula)

Perimeter : a+b+c = 2s

Equilateral :
a = B Side,
h = Height or altitude,
 h= a

Area : (i) (ii) a2

Perimeter : 3a

Isosceles :
a = Equal sides
b = Base
h = Height of altitude

h=

Area : (i)

(ii)
Perimeter: 2a + b

Rectangle:

l = Length
b = Breadth
d = Diagonal

Area :
Perimeter : 2l+2b = 2(l +b)

Diagonal :

Square :
a = Side
d = Diagonal

Diagonal :
Area : (i) a × a = a2

(ii)
Perimeter : a + a + a + a = 4a

Parallelogram :
a and b are sides adjacent to each other.
h= Distance between the parallel sides
Area : a×h
Perimeter : 2 (a + b)

Rhombus :

a = Each equal side of rhombus

d1 and d2 are the diagonals
d1 = BD
d2 = AC

Area : d1× d2
Perimeter : 4a

Trapezium :

a and b are parallel sides to each other and h is the perpendicular distance between
parallel sides.

Area : ×h
Perimeter : AB + BC + CD + AD

Circle :
r = Radius of the circle

Area = r2

Perimeter : 2 r (Called as circumference)

= = 3.1416
(Approx.)

Ex: Calculate the area of a triangle whose sides are 8 cm, 6 cm and 10 cm?

Sol: Area of triangle =

 A=

=
= 24 cm2

Ex: The sides of a triangular field are 40 m, 32 m and 24 m respectively. Find

the cost of ploughing this field at the rate of Rs. 5 per square metre?

Sol: A =

=
= 384 m2
Total cost = Rate ×Area
= 5 × 384
= Rs. 1920

Ex: Find the diagonal of rectangle whose length is 4m and area 12m2 ?

Sol: b= = = 3m

Diagonal = [Using Pythagoras theorem]

=
= 5m

Ex: The drawing room of a house is 10 m by 6 m and it is to be covered with a

carpet of width 1m 50 cm. Find the length of the carpet required?

Sol: Area to be covered by carpet = Floor area of the drawing room

= 10 × 6
= 60 m2

Length of the carpet required =

=
= 40 m
Ex: One of the diagonals of a rhombus of side 5 cm measures 8 cm. Find the area
of the rhombus?

Sol: S = 5 cm, d1 = 8 cm

EX: The altitude of an equilateral triangle is cm. What is its perimeter?

Sol: Let one side of equilateral triangle = a

h= =

Þ = Þa=2

Perimeter = 2 x3 = 6 cm.

Ex: The sides of a right angled triangle are equal to three consecutive numbers
expressed in centimeters. What can be the area of such a triangle?

Sol: The side of right angled triangle which is 3 consecutive numbers are 3 cm, 4 cm
and 5 cm

⇒ Then, the area of triangle = x Base x Height

= x3x4
= 6 cm2

Ex: ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = BC = 8 cm and ÐABC = 900.What is

the length of the perpendicular drawn from B on AC?

Sol: ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = BC = 8 cm and ÐABC = 900

We know that –
Area of Triangle ABC –

× AB × BC = × AC × BD

8×8=8 × BD

BD = 4 cm.

Ex: A triangle DEF is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of triangle ABC
similarly a triangle PQR is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the
triangle DEF. If the sides of the triangle PQR are of lengths 1,2 and 3 units, what
is the perimeter of the triangle ABC?

Sol: Perimeter of PQR = 1 + 2+ 3

= 6 units

Sides of DEF are 2, 4 and 6 units , then

Perimeter of DEF = 2 + 4 + 6
= 12 units

Now, Sides of ABC = 4, 8 and 12 units , then

Perimeter of ABC = 4 + 8 + 12
= 24 units

EX: The area of a rectangle whose one side is ‘a’ is ‘2a2’. What is the area of a
square having one of the diagonals of the rectangle as side?

Sol: Other side of the rectangle =

= = 2a

Diagonal of the rectangle =

 = a
Area of the square on the diagonal = 5a2