Presentation By- Ar.

Roopa Chikkalgi STONE MASONRY

1
What is stone masonry?
• Stone masonry is made of stone units bonded together with mortar.

• The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry
where the stones are available in a abundance in nature, on cutting and dressing to
the proper shape, they provide an economical material for the construction of various
building components such as walls, columns, footings, arches, lintels, beams etc.

Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 2

USES

1) Building foundations, walls, piers, pillars, and architectural works.

2) Lintels, Beams, beams Arches, domes etc.,

3) Roofs and Roof coverings.

4) Cladding Works

5) Dams, light houses, monumental structures.

6) Paving jobs

7) Railway, ballast, black boards and electrical switch boards

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Selection of stone for stone masonry:
1) Availability

2) Ease of working

3) Appearance

4) Strength and stability

5) Polishing characteristics

6) Economy

7) Durability

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Classification of stone masonry
Stone masonry

Rubble masonry Ashlar masonry

1. Randam rubble masonry

1. Ashlar fine masonry
- Coursed - uncoursed
2. Ashlar rough tooled
2. Square rubble masonry
3. Rock (or) quarry faced
- Coursed - uncoursed
4. Ashlar chamfered
3. Polygonal rubble masonry
5. Ashlar block in course
4. Flint rubble masonry
5. Dry rubble masonry

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Random rubble masonry
• In this type of masonry, the
• Coursed stones used are of widely
different sizes. This is the
roughest and cheapest
form of stone masonry.
• In coursed random rubble
masonry, the masonry
work is carried out in
courses such that the
stones in a particular
course are of equal height.

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• Uncoursed
• In this type of masonry, the
stones used are of widely
different sizes. This is the
roughest and cheapest
form of stone masonry.
• In uncoursed random
rubble masonry, the
coarses are not maintained
regularly. The larger stones
are laid first and the spaces
between them are then
filled up by means of spalls
or s
• neeks.

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 Square rubble masonry
• Coursed • In this type of masonry
stones having straight
bed and sides are used.
The stones are usually
squared and brought to
hammer dressed or
straight cut finish.
• In the coursed square
rubble masonry, the
work is carried out in
courses of varying
depth.

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• uncoursed
• In this type of masonry
stones having straight bed
and sides are used. The
stones are usually squared
and brought to hammer
dressed or straight cut
finish.
• In the uncoursed square
rubble masonry, the
different sizes of stones
having straight edges and
sides are arranged on face
in several irregular patterns.

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Polygonal rubble masonry
• In this type of rubble
masonry, the stones
are hammer dressed.
The stones used for
face work are dressed
in an irregular
polygonal shape.
Thus the face joints
are seen running in
an irregular fashion in
all directions.
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Flint rubble masonry
• In this type of masonry,
stone used are flints or
cobbles. These are
irregularly shaped
nodules of silica. The
stones are extremely
hard. But they are
brittle and therefore
they break easily.

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Dry rubble masonry
• In this type of masonry,
mortar is not used in the
joints. This type of
construction is the
cheapest and requires
more skill in construction.
This may be used for non-
load bearing walls such as
compound walls, etc…

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 ASHLAR MASONRY
1. ASHLAR FINE MASONRY
• In this type ashlar
masonry, each stone is
cut to uniform size and
shape with all sides
rectangular, so that the
stone gives perfectly
horizontal and vertical
joints with adjoining
stone. This type of ashlar
masonry is very costly.

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Ashlar rough tooled masonry
• In this type of ashlar
masonry, the beds and
sides are finely chisel-
dressed. But the face is
made rough by means of
tools. A strip, about
25mm wide and made by
means of chisel is
provided around the
perimeter of the rough
dressed face of each
stone.
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Ashlar rock or quarry faced masonry
• In this type of ashlar
masonry, a strip about
25mm wide and made by
means of chisel is provided
around the perimeter of
every stone as in case of
rough-tooled ashlor
masondry. But the
remaining portion of the
face is left in the same form
as received from quarry.

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 Ashlar chamfered masonry

• In this type of ashlar masonry, the strip is provided as below. But it is

chamfered or beveled at an angle of 45 degrees by means of chisel for
a depth of about 25mm.
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Ashlar back in course masonry

• This is combination of rubble masonry and ashlar masonry. In this

type of masondry, the face work is provided with rough tooled or
hammer dresses stones and backing of the wall may be made in 19
rubble masonry. Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi