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PENETRANT TEST

PROCEDURE-AWS D1.1
DOCUMENT NO : 002/PT/ISyP/AWS/IX/2016
REVISION : 00
INDEPENDENT SURVEYOR, NDT & TECHNICAL SERVICES

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

DOC. NO : 002/PT/ISyP/AWS/IX/2016 REVISION:


PT. INDOTIMAS DATE : September, 2016
00
SYIFA PERKASA PAGE : Page 1 of 14

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Description Page

1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Reference Documents 2
4. Definitions 2
5. Information Required prior to Examination 3
6. Extent of Examination 3
7. Personnel Qualification 3
8. Procedure Qualification 4
9. Penetrant Materials & Equipment 5
10. Safety Precaution 5
11. Surface Preparation 6
12. Precleaning 6
13. Penetrant Application 6
14. Removal of Excess Penetrant 7
15. Drying after Excess Penetrant Removal 7
16. Application of Developer 7
17. Illumination 8
18. Interpretation and Evaluation of Indications 8
19. Acceptance Criteria 9
20. Recording of Indications 10
21. Post Examination Cleaning 10
22. Defect Repair 10
23. Reporting 10

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1. PURPOSE 1. TUJUAN
1.1. This written procedure provides require- 1.1. Prosedur tertulis ini memberikan
ments and acceptance standard for liquid persyaratan dan standard keberterimaan
penetrant examination (PT) to detect untuk pengujian cairan penetrant (PT)
discontinuities which are open to the yang dipakai untuk mendeteksi
surface. diskontinuitas yang membuka ke
pemukaan.
1.2. This procedure shall be applied to examine
weld metal and adjacent areas of non- 1.2. Prosedur ini harus dipakai untuk menguji
porous and non-liquid absorbent materials. las- lasan atau material dasar yang sifatnya
tidak berpori dan tidak menyerap cairan.
2. SCOPE 2. RUANGLINGKUP
2.1. This written procedure is applicable for 2.1. Prosedur ini dipakai untuk sistem
color contrast (Type II), solvent removable pengujian cairan penetrant color contrast (Tipe
(Method C) penetrant system. II), yang dibersihkan dengan solvent (Metoda
2.2. This written procedure is applicable for C).
liquid penetrant examination performed on 2.2. Prosedur tertulis ini dipakai untuk pengujian
surface where the temperature is within cairan penetrant yang dilakukan pada
permukaan material yang suhunya antara 20oC
20oC to 50oC throughout the examination hingga o
50 C sepanjang pemeriksaan
period. berlangsung.

3. REFERENCEDOCUMENTS 3. DOKUMEN-DOKUMENREFERENSI

3.1. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 3.1. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section
Section I – Appendix A270, 2015 Edition, I– Appendix A270, 2015 Edition.

3.2. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 3.2. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section
Section V - Article 6 & 24 (SE 165) 2015 V- Article 6, & 24 (SE 165) 2015 Edition.
Edition.
3.3. AWS D1.1, For Structural Welding code-Steel, 3.3. AWS D1.1, For Structural Welding code-Steel,
2015 Edition 2015 Edition
3.4. Written practice PT. Indotimas Syifa
3.4. PT. Indotimas Syifa Perkasa’s written
Perkasa nomor 01/ISyP/WP/V/2016, Rev. 00.
practice no. 01/ISyP/WP/V/2016,Rev. 00.
4. DEFINISI-DEFINISI
4. DEFINITIONS
4.1. Diskontinuitas: ketidaksempurnaan atau
4.1. Discontinuity: lack of continuity or uninten-
gang- guan struktur fisik atau konfigurasi dari
tional interruption in the physical structure or
sebuah material atau komponen.
configuration of a material or component.
4.2. Penetrant: suatu larutan atau
4.2. Penetrant: a solution or suspension of a
suspensi pewarna.
dye.
4.3. Defect: one or more flaws whose aggregate 4.3. Cacat: satu atau lebih diskontinuitas
size, shape, orientation, location or proper- yang ukuran, bentuk, lokasi, atau sifatnya
ties do not meet specified acceptance melebihi ketentuan, dan ditolak.
criteria and are rejected.
4.4. Developer: material yang disemprotkan
4.4. Developer: a material that is applied to the
pada permukaan uji untuk mempercepat
test surface to accelerate bleed out and
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enhance the contrast of indication. timbulnya indikasi warna dan meningkatkan
kontras dari indikasi yang muncul.
4.5. Family: a complete series of penetrant 4.5. Keluarga: satu set lengkap material
materials required for the performance of a penetrant yang diperlukan untuk melakukan
liquid penetrant examination. pengujian cairan penetrant.
4.6. Color contrast: a liquid penetrant that is 4.6. Color contrast: suatu cairan penetrant
characterized by an intense color, usually yang ditandai dengan warna mencolok,
red. biasanya merah.

5. INFORMATION REQUIREDPRIORTO 5. INFOMASI YANGDIPERLUKAN


EXAMINATION SEBELUM PENGUJIAN
The following information shall be obtained Informasi-informasi berikut ini harus
prior to liquid penetrant examination: diperoleh sebelum melakukan pengujian
- Type of base metal. pertikel magnet:
- Welding process. - Jenis logam induk.
- Location and extent of welds to be - Proses pengelasan.
examined. - Lokasi dan cakupan sambungan las
yang diuji.

6. EXTENT OF EXAMINATION 6. CAKUPAN PENGUJIAN


6.1. The shape and size of the examined object, 6.1. Bentuk dan ukuran obyek yang diuji,
and extent of the examination shall be dan cakupan pengujiannya harus didasarkan
based on the appropriate drawing or pada gambar kerja atau dokumen kontrak
contract document. yang ada.
6.2. Semua sambungan las harus diperiksa visual
6.2. All welds shall be 100% visually examined
100% sebelum diuji penetrant.
prior to liquid penetrant tested.
7. KUALIFIKASI PERSONIL
7. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
7.1. Kualifikasi dan sertifikasi personil NDT harus
7.1. Qualification and certification of the NDT
mengacu pada written practice PT.
personnel shall be in accordance with PT.
Indotimas Syifa Perkasa nomor
Indotimas Syifa Perkasa’s written practice
01/ISyP/WP/V/2016, Rev. 00.
no. 01/ISyP/WP/V/2016, Rev. 00.
7.2. Personnel performing testing and deter- 7.2. Personil yang melakukan pengujian dan me-
mining the acceptability to the requirement of nentukan penerimaan terhadap persyaratan
this written procedure shall be qualified and dari prosedur tertulis ini harus dikualifikasi dan
certified as PT Level II or Level III. disertifikasi sebagai PT Level II atau Level III.

8. PROCEDUREQUALIFICATION 8. KUALIFIKASI PROSEDUR


8.1. A change in essential variables as stated in 8.1. Setiap perubahan pada variabel esensial
Table 1 shall require requalification of the dalam Tabel 1 mengharuskan pengujian
written procedure by demonstration, while a ulang pada prosedur tertulis ini dengan
change in nonessential variables does not cara didemons- trasikan, sedangkan setiap
require requalification of this procedure. perubahan pada variabel nonesensial
tidakmemerlukan pengujian ulang pada
prosedur ini.
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8.2. All changes of essential or nonessential 8.2. Semua perubahan variabel esensial atau
variables from those specified by this nonesensial dari yang sudah ditentukan
written procedure shall require revision of oleh prosedur tertulis ini mengharuskan
this procedure. adanya revisi dari prosedur ini.

Table 1. Requirements of liquid penetrant examination procedure.

Essential Non-essential
Requirements Par. Reference
Variable Variable
Identification of and any change in type or family group of
X - 9.2, 9.3
penetrant materials including developers, emulsifiers, etc.
Surface preparation (finishing and cleaning, including type of
X - 11, 12
cleaning solvent)
Method of applying penetrant X - 13.2
Method of removing excess surface penetrant X - 14
Method of applying developer X - 16.3
Minimum and maximum time periods between steps and drying
X - 15
aids
Decrease in penetrant dwell time X - 13.3
Increase in interpretation time X - 18.2
Minimum light intensity X - 17.1
Surface temperature outside 20°C to 50°C or as previously
X - 13.1
qualified
Performance demonstration, when required X - Deleted
Personnel qualification requirements - X 7
Materials, shapes, or sizes to be examined and the extent of
- X 1.2, 6.1
examination
Post-examination cleaning technique - X 21

9. PENETRANT MATERIALS& EQUIPMENT 9. MATERIALPENETRANT&PERALATAN


9.1. All penetrant materials (cleaner/remover, 9.1. Semua material penetrant (cleaner/remover,
penetrant, developer, and cleaning agents) penetrant, developer, dan cairan pembersih)
prior to their use on austenitic or duplex sebelum dipakai pada material austenitic atau
stainless steels, and titanium alloys shall duplex stainless steel, dan paduan titanium
have total halogens content (chlorine and harus memiliki kadar halogen total (klorin dan
fluorine) of 1% maximum by weight, and fluorin) maksimum sebesar 1% berat dan kadar
sulfur content of 1% maximum by weight sulfur maksimum sebesar 1% berat saat
when used on nickel base alloys. dipakai pada paduan nickel.
9.2. Penetrant materials shall be from the same 9.2. Material penetrant harus berasal dari pabrik
manufacturers or brands. pembuat atau merek yang sama.
9.3. Penetrant system used in this procedure 9.3. Sistem penetrant yang digunakan pada
shall be designated as follows: prosedur ini adalah sebagai berikut:

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Color Contrast Solvent Removable

Manufacturer Material Type

Penetrant SKL-SP2
Magnaflux Cleaner/remover SKC-S
Developer SKD-S2

9.4. A calibrated light meter shall be used to 9.4. Sebuah light meter yang terkalibrasi harus
check light intensity of the surface being dipakai untuk memeriksa intensitas cahaya
examined. pada permukaan benda uji.

10. SAFETYPRECAUTION 10. KESELAMATANKERJA


10.1. Care shall be taken not to have direct 10.1. Jangan bersentuhan langsung dengan
contact with penetrant materials which is material penetrant yang relatip beracun dan
relatively toxic and flammable. mudah terbakar.
10.2. Always use glove and respiratory masker 10.2. Selalu gunakan sarung tangan dan masker
during examination to avoid direct contact pernapasan selama pengujian untuk meng-
with penetrant materials and excessive hindari kontak langsung dengan material
inhalation of developer dust. penetrant dan menghirup debu developer
secara berlebihan.
10.3. Do not smoke during examination. 10.3. Jangan merokok selama pengujian.
10.4. Controlled conditions shall be established 10.4. Jika sudah habis, kaleng bertekanan harus
for correct disposal of pressurized spray dilubangi dulu sebelum dibuang ke tempat
cans. yang disediakan.

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11. SURFACE PREPARATION 11. PENYIAPAN PERMUKAAN


11.1. Weld surface to be examined and all 11.1. Permukaan las yang diuji dan daerah di
adjacent areas within at least 25 mm shall sekitarnya selebar minimum 25 mm harus
be dry and free of all dirts that could kering dan bersih dari kotoran-kotoran yang
obscure surface openings or otherwise dapat menutupi bukaan permukaan dan
interfere with the examination. mengganggu jalannya pengujian.
11.2. Wire brushing may be carried out for 11.2. Sikat baja dapat dilakukan untuk membersih-
surface preparation. kan permukaan.
11.3. Grit or shot blasting is prohibited as a 11.3. Grit atau shot blasting tidak boleh dipakai
method of surface preparation. sebagai metoda penyiapan permukaan.
11.4. Dressing the examined weld surface by 11.4. Penggerindaan pada permukaan las yang
grinding may be necessary if excessive diuji dapat dilakukan apabila permukaan
roughness is observed. dianggap terlalu kasar.

12. PRECLEANING 12. PEMBERSIHAN AWAL


12.1. Weld to be examined and areas within at 12.1. Las-lasan dan daerah di kedua sisinya pada
least 25 mm both side shall be thoroughly jarak minimum 25 mm harus dibersihkan
cleaned with a cleaning solvent meeting memakai solvent pembersih yang memenuhi
the requirements of par 9.1 and 9.3. persyaratan dalam paragrap 9.1 dan 9.3.
12.2. Precleaning may be carried out by 12.2. Pembersihan awal dapat dilakukan dengan
spraying the examined areas directly with cara menyemprotkan cleaner secara lang-
the cleaner. sung pada daerah yang diuji.
12.3. Minimum of 1 (one) minutes shall be 12.3. Setelah pembersihan awal, permukaan mate-
allocated for normal air drying of part to be rial harus dibiarkan selama minimum 1 (one)
examined. menit.

13. PENETRANT APPLICATION 13. APLIKASIPENETRANT


13.1. Temperature 13.1. Suhu
a) Temperature of the test surface and the a) Suhu permukaan yang diuji dan suhu
penetrant materials shall be within 20oC material penetrant harus antara 20oC
to 50oC throughout the examination hingga 50oC selama pengujian berlang-
period. sung.
b) Local heating or cooling is permitted b) Pemanasan atau pendinginan setempat
provided the part temperature remains diijinkan selama suhu benda masih berada
in the range of 20°C to 50°C during the di antara 20oC hingga 50oC selama
examination. pengujian berlangsung.
13.2. Methods of Application 13.2. Metoda Aplikasi
The penetrant shall be applied by direct Penetrant harus diaplikasikan dengan cara
spraying from the can. penyemprotan langsung dari kalengnya.

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13.3. Penetration Time (Dwell Time) 13.3. Waktu Penetrasi (Waktu Diam)
a) Penetration time shall be minimum of 5 a) Waktu penetrasi minimum harus 5 (lima)
(five) minutes. menit.
b) Penetrant addition is allowed provided b) Penambahan penetrant di daerah yang
the area to be examined is wetted by diperiksa diperbolehkan agar selama
the penetrant throughout the entire pengujian daerah tersebut tetap basah
penetration time. oleh penetrant sepanjang waktu penetrasi.

14. REMOVALOF EXCESS PENETRANT 14. PEMBERSIHAN PENETRANTSISA


14.1. After the penetration (dwell) time has 14.1. Setelah waktu penetrasi (waktu diam)
elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the tercapai, semua sisa penetrant di atas
surface being examined shall be cleaned. permukaan yang diuji harus dibersihkan.
14.2. Cleaning shall be conducted by wiping the 14.2. Pembersihan harus dilakukan dengan cara
surface with a dry clean cloth, repeating mengelap permukaan dengan kain lap yang
the operation until most traces of kering dan bersih, dilakukan berulang-ulang
penetrant have been removed. hingga semua sisa penetrant hilang.
14.3. The remaining traces shall be removed by 14.3. Sisanya harus dibersihkan dengan mengelap
lightly wiping the surface with a clean cloth permukaan memakai kain lap bersih yang
dampened with cleaner/remover. dibasahi dengan cleaner/remover.
14.4. To minimize removal of penetrant from 14.4. Untuk meminimumkan hilangnya penetrant
discontinuities, care shall be taken to dari dalam diskontinuitas, jangan membasahi
avoid the use of excess remover. Do not majun dengan cleaner secara berlebihan.
spray the surface directly with remover in Jangan sekali-kali menyemprot permukaan
order to clean the excess penetrant. secara langsung dengan remover untuk
membersihkan penetrant sisa.

15. DRYING AFTER EXCESS 15. PENGERINGAN SETELAH


PENETRANT REMOVAL PEMBERSIHAN PENETRANT SISA
Drying is carried out using normal Pengeringan dilakukan secara alami. Diper-
evaporation. A minimum of 1 (one) minute lukan waktu pengeringan minimum 1 (satu)
and maximum of 5 (five) minutes shall be menit dan maksimum 5 (lima) menit sebelum
allowed for drying before application of penyemprotan developer.
developer.

16. APPLICATION OFDEVELOPER 16. APLIKASI DEVELOPER


16.1. Developer shall be applied as soon as 16.1. Developer harus disemprotkan sesegera
possible after the requirement of mungkin setelah persyaratan dari paragraf 15
paragraph 15 is satisfied. terpenuhi.
16.2. Prior to application, the pressurized can of 16.2. Sebelum penyemprotan, kaleng developer
developer must be thoroughly agitated to harus dikocok-kocok agar terjadi pencam-
ensure adequate dispersion of suspended puran suspensi developer yang sempurna.
particles.

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16.3. Developer shall be sprayed to obtain a 16.3. Developer harus disemprotkan hingga meng-
thin and uniform coating thickness. Mini- hasilkan lapisan tipis dan rata. Jarak penyem-
mum spraying distance is 15 to 20 cm. protan minimum antara 15 hingga 20 cm.

17. ILLUMINATION 17. PENCAHAYAAN


17.1 Examination shall be performed with an 17.1. Pengujian harus dilakukan di bawah cahaya
adequate visible light source with a tampak dengan intensitas minimum sebesar
minimum intensity of 1000 Lux (100 fc) on 1000 Lux (100 fc) pada permukaan yang
the surface being examined. sedang diuji.
17.2. The light source and light level verification 17.2. Sumber cahaya dan verifikasi intensitas
shall be demonstrated and recorded in cahayanya harus didemonstrasikan dan
the report form. dicatat dalam laporan pengujian.

18. INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION 18. INTERPRETASI DAN EVALUASI INDIKASI


OF INDICATIONS
18.1. Observation of the formation of indications 18.1. Pengamatan terbentuknya indikasi harus
shall be performed during the application dilakukan selama dan setelah penyemprotan
of developer. developer.
18.2. Final interpretation of indications shall be 18.2. Interpretasi akhir dilakukan antara 10
made within 10 (ten) to 30 (thirty) minutes (sepuluh) hingga 30 (tiga puluh) menit
after the applied developer on the dihitung setelah developer yang disemprotkan
examined surface is dry. ke permukaan mulai mengering.
18.3. An indication of a discontinuity may be 18.3. Indikasi dari diskontinuitas bisa lebih besar
larger than the discontinuity that causes it; dari diskontinuitas yang menyebabkannya,
however, the size of the indication is the namun ukuran indikasi dipakai sebagai dasar
basis for acceptance evaluation. untuk mengevaluasi penerimaan.
18.4. Relevant indications are those indications 18.4. Indikasi relevan adalah indikasi yang diakibat-
caused by discontinuities that are opened kan oleh diskontinuitas yang membuka ke
to the surface and with major dimensions permukaan yang ukuran terbesarnya lebih
greater than 2 mm. dari 2 mm.
18.5. Nonrelevant indications are indications 18.5. Indikasi nonrelevan adalah indikasi yang
caused by conditions other than diakibatkan oleh kondisi-kondisi selain dis-
discontinuities. Surface irregularities due kontinuitas seperti ketidakteraturan permu-
to machining, grinding, or welding are kaan akibat permesinan, penggerindaan, atau
conditions that may cause non relevant pengelasan.
indications.
18.6. Broad areas of pigmentation which could 18.6. Latar belakang berwarna merah di daerah
mask indications of discontinuities are yang diperiksa yang dapat menutupi indikasi
unacceptable, and such areas shall be diskontinuitas adalah tidak diijinkan dan dae-
cleaned and reexamined. rah tersebut harus dibersihkan dan diuji ulang.

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18.7. Linear indications are those indications 18.7. Indikasi linier adalah indikasi-indikasi yang
having a length greater than three times memiliki panjang lebih besar dari tiga kali
the width (L > 3W). lebarnya (L > 3W).
18.8. Rounded indications are indications of 18.8. Indikasi rounded adalah indikasi-indikasi yang
circular or elliptical shape with the length bentuknya bundar atau elips dengan panjang
equal to or less than three times the width kurang dari atau sama dengan tiga kali
(L ≤ 3W). lebarnya (L ≤ 3W).

19. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 19. KRITERIA KEBERTERIMAAN


19.1. For standard acceptance criteria can be 19.1. Untuk standard keberterimaan dapat dilihat
seen on table 6.1 and 9.16 (as attached) pada tabel 6.1 dan 9.16 (terlampir).

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20. RECORDINGOF INDICATIONS 20. PEREKAMAN INDIKASI


Recording of discontinuity indication may Perekaman indikasi diskontinuitas dapat
be conducted by: dilakukan dengan:
a) Photography. a) Foto.
b) Sketching. b) Sketsa.

21. POSTEXAMINATION CLEANING 21. PEMBERSIHANAKHIR


Post examination cleaning shall be carried Pembersihan akhir setelah pengujian harus
out as soon as practicable using a man- dilakukan sesegera mungkin dengan cara
ner that does not adversely affect the part. yang tidak merusak komponen.

22. DEFECT REPAIR 22. PERBAIKAN CACAT


22.1. Defects shall be removed and reexamined 22.1. Cacat harus dihilangkan dan daerah tersebut
to ensure complete removal or to diuji ulang untuk memastikan cacatnya sudah
acceptable size prior to rewelding. hilang atau berkurang ukurannya sebelum
dilas.
22.2. Complete repair welding shall be 22.2. Hasil pengelasan setelah repair harus diuji
reexamined using liquid penetrant in ulang memakai cairan penetrant dengan
accordance with this procedure. mengacu pada prosedur ini.

23. REPORTING 23. PELAPORAN


For each examination, the following Untuk tiap-tiap pengujian, informasi berikut ini
information shall be recorded: harus dilaporkan:
a) Procedure identification and revision; a) Nomer prosedur dan revisi;
b) Liquid penetrant type (visible or b) Jenis cairan penetrant (visible atau
fluorescent); fluorescent;
c) Batch no. of each penetrant, penetrant c) Batch no. dari penetrant, remover, dan
remover, and developer used; developer yang dipakai;
d) Examination personnel identity and d) Identitas personnel penguji dan level
qualification level; kualifikasinya;
e) Map or record of indications; e) Lokasi atau record dari indikasi;
f) Material and thickness; f) Jenis material dan ketebalannya;
g) Lighting equipment; and g) Peralatan pencahayaan;
h) Date of examination. h) Tanggal pengujian.

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Figure 1.

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Figure 2

PT.INDOTIMAS SYIFA PERKASA


Non Destructive Test (NDT) Procedure
INDEPENDENT SURVEYOR, NDT & TECHNICAL SERVICES

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

DOC. NO : 002/PT/ISyP/AWS/IX/2016 REVISION:


PT. INDOTIMAS DATE : September, 2016
00
SYIFA PERKASA PAGE : Page 13 of 14
Tabel 6.1

PT.INDOTIMAS SYIFA PERKASA


Non Destructive Test (NDT) Procedure
INDEPENDENT SURVEYOR, NDT & TECHNICAL SERVICES

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

DOC. NO : 002/PT/ISyP/AWS/IX/2016 REVISION:


PT. INDOTIMAS DATE : September, 2016
00
SYIFA PERKASA PAGE : Page 14 of 14
Table 9.16

PT.INDOTIMAS SYIFA PERKASA


Non Destructive Test (NDT) Procedure

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