Unit 1
Formal
You Should Wear a Helmet
Advice and Offering
Asking for Advice Phrases
 What do you think 1 should do?
 What do you suggest?
 What would you do (in this
situation)?
 What would you do if you were
me?
Making an Offer
Informal
 Do you need ...  How about some ...?
 Would you like ...  What about some . . .?
 Shall 1 ... (for you)?  What do you say about some . . .?
Phrases for Giving Advice
 Would you like me to ...?  Are you up for some ...?
 I think you should get...
 I'll ... if you like.
 Maybe you should . . .
 Can 1 get you some ...?
 Why don't you . . .
 Would you like some ...?
 May 1 offer you some . ..?
 If I were you, I would ...
 Would you like me to get you
some .
 Make sure that...
 I don't think you should ...
Responses to Offer
 You ought to ...
Accepting Offers Resusing Offers
 You ought not. . .
 Thank you. I’d like to  That's very kind. Unfortunately, I .
 If I were in your position, I would
.
..
 Yes, please  I'd like to, but.. .
 If I were in your shoes, I would..
 Yes, that’s kind of you  No, thank you.
 You had better...
 That sounds great ! (less formal)  I'm fine, thank you.
 Whatever you do .. .
 Please (less formal)
 You bet ! (less formal)
ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Modal Auxiliary
Modal auxiliaries in English are can, could, had better, may, might, must,
ought to, shall, should, will, and would.
Modal auxiliaries generally express a speaker's attitudes or moods. For
examples, modals can express that a speaker feels something is necessary,
advisable, permissible, or possible.
The modals should, ought to, had better, would, will, shall, may, and can are
used to give advice and make offers.
a. Should, Ought to, Had better
Should and ought to have the same meaning: they express advisability.
The meaning ranges in strength from a suggestion to a statement about
responsibility. In meaning, had better is close to should and ought to, but
had better is usually stronger. It often imolies a warning or a threat of
possible bad consequences.
1) Should
If you should do something, it is the best thing for you to do it
because it is either good for you or it will help you.
Examples:
- I should give up smoking.
- You should go to bed early if you're feeling tired.
2) Should not/shouldn't
Should not is used when it is the best thing for you to avoid
something because it is bad for you.
Examples:
- They shouldn't worry so much. Everything will be all right.
- They shouldn't come late.
Don't say you should to go. Say you should go.
Should is followed by an infinitive without to.
3) Ought to
Use this modal to say that you think someone should do something
because it is good for them or will help them.
Examples:
- The doctor told Dan he ought to exercise more.
- You ought to ask Eric. I'm sure he'd help.
Ought to is less common than should in written and
spoken English.
4) Ought not/oughtn't
Ought not is used when you think it is best for someone not to do
something.
Examples:
- She oughtn't drive if she's been drinking.
- He oughtn't bully the new student.
5) Had better (especially in spoken language)
Use this modal to say that you think someone should do something
because it is sensible or it will help them avoid problems.
 Examples: You can also use will to give your opinion about something in sentences
- You'd better ask your teacher for advice. that begin with I'm sure, I think, I expect, I suppose, I doubt, etc., or
- It was starting to snow and we thought we had better go home. with words such as probably, perhaps, certainly, etc.
Examples:
Don't say you better go home or you'd better to go
- "Do you think Carta will pass her test?" "Yes, I'm sure she will."
home. Say you'd better go home.
- I'll see him again soon.
b. Will, Shall, Would - They say it'll probably snow tomorrow.
Both will and shall are generally used to express future tense. - Perhaps things will be better next week.
1) Will 2) Shall
This is the most common way of expressing future time. When we speak In British English, you often use shall in questions when making
English, we often use contractions or short forms. The short form of will is suggestions about what to do, or when discussing what to do.
'II and the short form of will not is won't. You usually use these in Examples:
spoken English instead of will or will not. The main verb can be either in - Shall we go now?
its simple form or in its progressive form. - What shall i tell Mike?
Examples: In formal British English, you can sometimes hear I shall used to express
- I will talk to them. future time.
- We'll have a break at six o'clock. He'll be arriving later. Examples:
- Don't worry, I won't break it. - I shall try to persuade them.

This is very rare in American English.

Don't say I will to talk to them. Say I will talk. Will is
followed by an infinitive without to. If you want to say that you intend to do something, use will or shall. You
can emphasize the meaning of intention if you say the modal louder than
the surrounding words.
 Shall is only used with the first person (I or we), and is much less
Don't say Can I to give you a hand? Say Can I give you a hand?
common than will. It is hardly ever used in American English.
Both may and can are followed by an Infinitive without to.
Examples:
- This letter says they will definitely give us our money back. PRACTICE
- I shan't (shall not) stay long. FUNCTION - Advice and Offer
3) Would 1. Mark the sentences with 'A' if it expresses asking for advice, 'G' if it
To express an intention at a time in the past, use would. expresses giving advice, and 'N' if it expresses none of them.
Example: No. Sentences Expressions
- I tried to explain, but nobody would listen. 1 What should 1 do?
Use would if there are conditions controlling whether something will take 2 You should see a doctor.
place. 3 I'd like to thank you all sincerely.
Example: 4 You had better quit smoking.
- I would leave tomorrow, if I had the money. 5 What you need Is a nice long holiday.
Would is also used for polite offer and request. 6 Do you want to go bowling on Sunday?
Examples: 7 Can 1 ask for your advice about my laptop?
- Would you like a glass of hot tea? 8 If 1 were you, I'd wait until tomorrow.
- Would you mind repeating that? 9 What do you advise me to do?
c. May, Can 10 What would you do if you were in my situation?
May and can are used to make offers, requests, and to ask for permission. 11 Have you tried another technique?
May is equally polite as could. Can is used informally, especially if the
12 What ought 1 to do?
speaker is talking to someone he knows fairly well.
13 You never listen to me, do you?
Examples:
14 Should 1 take the new job?
- May I get you a glass of water?
15 1 feel that you work too hard.
- Can i give you a hand?
2. Arrange the following parts to make good sentences. Add punctuation Questions Replies
where necessary. 4. My job is very stressful and d. You had better consume more
1. you/do/suggest/ What tiring. Can you give me fruit and less carbohydrates.
2. should/the/You/pollce/phone advice?
3. to/smoking/You/qult/ought 5. I feel homesick. What do you e. If I were you, I would take a
4. give/you/some/me/advlce/Can suggest? driving course before retaking
5. our/fasten/must/We/belt/seat the test.
6. If/me/you/do/what/were/you/would 6. I need to lose weight. Can you f. We must wear the necessary
7. thought/email/you/about/Have/an/ sending give me advice? safety equipment.
8. about/l/tell/How/should/parents/it/my 7. Can I ask for your advice g. What you ought to do is write
9. some/you/don't/do/ Why/sports about something? I'm really a letter and explain the
10. What/think/do/do/you/l/should worried about my health. situation.
3. Match the questions with the replies. 8. What ought 1 to do? 1 h. Your only option is writing the
Questions Replies desperately need to take my report now. Make sure that
1. I have a terrible cough. What a. Why don't you take a break mother to a hospital in Jakarta. you have all the data.
should 1 do? and have a two-day vacation? 9. So that's the problem. What do i. I feel that you are working too
2. We are going to install a wire b. I think you should call your you advise me to do? hard.
system in this apartment. What parents. 10. Do you think that 1 should j. I don't know what to advise,
do you think we should do? report the incident I'm afraid.
3. 1 didn't pass the driving test. c. Of course you need to go to a immediately?
What would you do if you doctor. But first, you should
were me? stop smoking.
4. Arrange the sentences to make good dialogs.  Where do the workers go?
a.  I have a stomachache.  We want to make sure all the workers are out of the building.
 What's wrong?
 You should go home and take some medicine. 5. What advice would you give in the following situations?
b.  You should try to postpone the test. Situations
 I have to take my driver's license test, but my car isn't working. a. I feel sick, but I don't have a b. My friend fell from a three-
 What's the matter? doctor. What should 1 do? meter platform a couple of
c.  I'll get the stepladder, then. minutes ago. What should I do?

 I'm going to change the light bulb. It burnt out. c. I have to lead a group on a d. I got burned from a kind of

 i should think about that. crosscountry hike. What chemical. What should I do?

 Are you out of your mind? Those books will slip and you'll fall. should I do?
e. I have a toothache. What f. I forgot to bring my ID card.
 You'd be blind if that happens!
should 1 do? What should 1 take instead of
 What are you standing on?
it?
 A couple of dictionaries and some textbooks.
g. I ruined my supervisor's rubber h. You have to work in an area full
 What are you doing?
gloves by getting holes in it. of smoke. What should you
 It's only a couple of feet.
Should 1 tell him? wear?
 What if you fall while you're holding the light bulb and it breaks,
i. You are having lunch with an j. You forgot your boyfriend/
and the pieces go into your eyes?
old friend from school when girlfriend's birthday and now
d.  They go out to the meeting point.
your jealous boyfriend / he/she is outside at your door.
 We tell our workers to leave the site.
girlfriend walks in. What What should you do?
 Can they take their belongings?
should you do?
 What happens when the fire alarm rings?
 We take our attendance list to the meeting point and take roll.
 k. I did my homework, but my l. I didn't have time to eat No. Sentences Expressions
dog chewed it up. I don't think breakfast this morning. Now, 15 I'll do the printing, if you like.
my teacher will believe me. I'm in class and my stomach is
What should 1 do? growling. What should I do? 7. Match the offers with the responses.
Offers Responses
6. Mark the sentences with 'M' if it expresses making an offer, 'A' if it a. Can 1 assist you? 1. Yes, please. That would be.very
expresses accepting an offer, and 'R' if it expresses refusing an offer. kind of you.
No. Sentences Expressions b. Can 1 help you? You seem to 2. If you wouldn't mind. It's very hot
1 Can 1 get you some water? be looking for someone. here.
2 Yes, please. c. Shall 1 open the window for 3. No thanks, I'm just looking.
3 I'd like to, but I'm busy. you?
4 Would you like me to help you? d. Would you like another 4. It's OK, I can copy the files by
5 Thanks. A glass of mineral water, please. coffee? myself.
6 Are you up for meeting for lunch this week? e. Would you like me to ask the 5. Yes, please. I feel so sleepy.
7 Do you want a piece of cake? customer service?
8 That's very kind of you. Thank you. f. Would you like me to answer 6. Yes please. I'd like to know what
9 That's very kind of you, but I'm afraid 1 can't the phone? time the train leaves.
stay long. g. I'll do the photocopying, if 7. No, thank you. I can answer that.
10 Do you need a hand? you like.
11 That sounds great.
12 You bet!
13 No, thank you.
14 Shall I get you some paper?
8. Write a response to each of the following offers.
a. Can I help you with the monthly report?
________________________________________________________
b. Shall I get you the financial reports that go with that?
________________________________________________________
c. I'll print the report if you'd like.
________________________________________________________
d. Would you like me to help you with your presentation?
________________________________________________________
e. How about another donut?
________________________________________________________
9. Read the letter. Then, answer the questions.
Acme Technical Enterprises
BRI Tower 16th Floor - 42 • Jakarta • 13521
Phone 555-555-0000
March 1", 2017
Raysa Handoyo
Jalan. Mandalika HI/12
Madiun, 63114
Dear Raysa Handoyo,
JOB OFFER
Acme Technical Enterprises, Inc. is pleased to offer you a job as a
Senior Engineer. We trust that your knowledge, skills, and experience
will be among our most valuable assets.
Should you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible
to receive the following beginning on your hire date.
Salary: Annual gross starting salary of $63,500
Performance Bonuses: Up to three percent of your annual gross salary,
paid quarterly
Should you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible
to receive the following beginning on your hire date.
 Salary: Annual gross starting salary of $63,500
 Performance Bonuses: Up to three percent of your annual gross
salary, paid quarterly
 Stock Options: 500 Acme stock options in your first year, fully
vested in four years at the rate of 125 shares per year
 Benefits: Annual stock options, child daycare assistance, education
assistance, health life, and disability insurance, profit sharing, sick
leave, vacation and personal days
To accept this job offer:
1. Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below.
2. Sign and date the enclosed Non-Compete Agreement where
indicated.
3. Sign and date the enclosed Confidentiality Agreement where
indicated.
4. Sign and date the enclosed At-Will Employment Confirmation where
indicated.
5. Mail all pages of the signed and dated documents listed above back
to us in the enclosed business-reply envelope, to arrive by Friday,
March 17"', 2017. A copy of each document is enclosed for your
records.
6. Attend new-hire orientation on Monday, March 20th, 2017,
beginning at 8:00 AM sharp.
To decline this job offer:
1. Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below.
2. Mail all pages of this job offer letter back to us in the enclosed
business-reply envelope, to arrive by Thursday, March 17th, 2017.
If you accept this job offer, your hire date will be on the day that you
attend new-hire orientation. Plan to work for the remainder of the
business day after new-hire orientation ends. Please read the enclosed
new-hire package for complete, new-hire instructions and more
information about the benefits that Acme offers.
Regards,
Mr. Jeffry Chow
The Hiring Coordinator
 Questions: j. Whatever you do, don't turning off the computers.
a. What kind of letter is this? k. They ought to going out to the meeting point.
b. Who is the sender? Who is the addressee? l. You'd better write him an email
c. What is the purpose of the letter? m. I will discussing the detail with the management
d. What position is being offered? n. What shall I write in my resume?
e. What will Raysa Handoyo receive, in addition to a monthly salary? o. I can to help you with your problem.
f. Why are the benefits mentioned in the letter? 2. Fill in the blanks with correct modals: should, ought to, or had better.
g. Mention the four documents that Raysa Handoyo must sign for accepting a. We _________ pay our taxes.
the offer. b. You _________ drive carefully. There is a lot traffic.
h. What does Raysa Handoyo have to do if she refuses the offer? c. We _________ rest sometimes while travelling
i. Who signs the letter? d. One _________ drive carefully.
j. What is the purpose of the last part of the letter? e. We _________ wash our hands.
f. You _________ eat healthy food. You are healthy food.
GRAMMAR g. You _________ pay your tax. Tomorrow is the last day.
1. Write √ if the sentence is CORRECT and X if the sentence is FALSE. h. We _________ eat healthy food.
a. You should to wear a helmet. i. You _________ rest for some time. You are going to sleep.
b. I don't think you should work so hard. j. We _________ clean the room. There are pieces of glass there.
c. You ought work without any protection. k. You _________ wash your hands, dear. You have touched lots of things.
d. You ought not to forgetting your ID card. l. You _________ take your umbrella in case it rains.
e. If I were you, I'd wear gloves. m. You _________take your umbrella with you. It is raining.
f. If I were in your position, I would be listen to my supervisor. n. You _________ not tell lies. He knows the truth.
g. If I were in your shoes, I had read the manual. o. We _________save money, (in general)
h. You had better cleaned the mess. p. We _________clean our environment.
i. You shouldn't take off your shoes. q. We _________not tell lies.
 r. We _________not make noise. Letter 2
s. You _________help that old man. Dear Mrs. Halimah,
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals: must, should, ought to, or had
better. I think you (1) __________ go and talk to the head teacher of
Letter 1 your daughter. Bullying is a serious problem in many schools. Every

Dear Melisa, school (2) __________have a policy to try to stop it. The head teacher
(3) __________do something about it.

I think you (1) __________ go and speak to them one more time. Perhaps you (4) __________ also have a chat with your daughter

Perhaps you (2) __________ go during the daytime, when it's quiet and and give some advice to her on how she could keep away from these

you feel calm. You (3) __________ get angry. You (4) __________ act boys during break time.

politely and explain how their music can affect your children. Tell them Why don't you give your daughter a special treat, like a trip to the

that you would really like to be friendly with them. cinema or to the zoo? I think it can make your daughter feel better.

But, if they keep making noise at night, you will contact your
local council. Before you contact them, you (5) __________ write Regards,

down all the dates and times when your neighbors made too much Mrs. Anita

noise.

Regards,

Mike
visit Beverly Hills and Hollywood. You (11) • visit Disneyland and
Universal
Studies. They are'fun!
Letter 3
Los Angeles is a relatively safe city, but you (12) __________ be
Dear Emma,
careful because like every big city there is crime. You (13) __________
carry a cell phone too, just in case you need to call anyone.
I'm so glad to hear that you decided to go to UCLA! You (1)
If there is anything else I can do to help you, just let me know. I
__________ be so excited! Since you were also accepted at Columbia
know you (14) __________ be very happy about your new life.
University and Princeton, it (2) __________ have been a difficult
decision. I had a great experience at UCLA and I think if you follow my
Best wishes,
advice, you will go there too.
Anna
First, you (3) __________ bring enough money to last you the
first month; otherwise you won't have enough! After that, you (4)
Source: http://flanghkendall.mdc.edu
__________ get a job, but if you don't, you (5) __________ apply for
financial aid. I think you (6) __________ focus more on studying than
working, so your job (7) __________ only require you to work a few ENRICHMENT
hours a week. You (8) __________ live on campus the first year. That Short Conversations
way, you will get accustomed to life in the USA and college. After that, In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the
you (9) __________ move to an apartment because it will be hard to conversations TWICE. The conversations will not be printed in your test book, so
focus on your studies if you live on campus with new students! you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say. In your test book,
Los Angeles has a lot of things to do. The beaches are great, but you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed
you (10) __________ bring sunscreen and a hat if you go. The Southern by four answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it
California sun is very strong. You can also visitBeverly Hills and on your answer sheet.
Hollywood. You (11) __________ visit Disneyland and Universal
Studies. They are fun !
1. What is the main purpose of the discussion? D. A dentist.
A. To fill out paperwork. Short Talks
B. To come aboard. In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. The talks are spoken
C. To clarify a point. TWICE. They will not be printed in your test paper, so you must listen carefully
D. To confirm a job. to understand what the speakers say. In your test paper, you will read three
2. What is the woman doing with the desk? questions about each short talk. The questions will be followed by four answers.
A. Rearranging it. You are to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer
B. Assembling it. sheet.
C. Designing it. 6. What is the main purpose of the short talk?
D. Buying it. A. To announce a warning.
3. What does the woman offer to do? B. To promote alcohol.
A. Booking some places. C. To warn criminals.
B. Staying in the evening. D. To offer a product.
C. Making telephone calls. 7. Who is the intended audience?
D. Painting the hotel room. A. Children. C. Friends.
4. What does the man advise the woman to do? B. Women. D. Adults.
A. Walk to the office. 8. What is being offered?
B. Give a shorter report. A. Designated drivers.
C. Make a better work schedule. B. Tough winter driving.
D. Finish her report at the weekend. C. A little bit of good cheer.
5. To whom is the woman speaking? D. Free cab rides for drunk drivers.
A. A telephone operator. 9. What is the main topic of the talk?
B. A taxi driver. A. Driving safety.
C. A mechanic. B. Purchasing a car.
 C. Traffic conditions. B. The speaker is an expert on hair.
D. Driving in heavy traffic. C. The speaker was a famous athlete.
10. What does the speaker suggest that drivers do? D. The speaker is the company's owner.
A. Avoid drinks with caffeine. WRITING
B. Take frequent breaks. Incomplete Sentences
C. Open a window. Questions 15 to 35 are incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked by
D. Change cars. A, B, C, or D, are given. You are to choose the one word/phrase that best
11. What will the next talk be about? completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
A. Saving money. question and mark your answer.
B. Reducing stress. 15. The book is optional. My teacher said we could read It if we needed more
C. Vacation destinations. knowledge. But we ___________ read it if we don't want to.
D. Getting a good night's sleep. A. don't have to
12. What is being advertised? B. must not
A. A lotion to promote hair growth. C. cannot
B. A procedure for hair restoration. D. had better not
C. Discounts for bald customers. 16. The laptop ________ be crashed. Maybe the battery needs charging.
D. Surgery to implant new hair. A. can not
13. Who is the intended audience? B. should not
A. Young persons. C. might not
B. Senior citizens. D. shall not
C. Teenage women. 17. You _______ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the
D. Middle-aged men. job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will
14. According to the short talk, which of the following statements is TRUE? find work.
A. The speaker has a bald head. A. will not
 B. had better not C. had better
C. don't have to D. shall not
D. must not 22. You ________ be kidding! That story can't be true.
18. ____________ we move to the terrace? It is colder there and it has beautiful A. had better C. Have to
view of the mountains. B. will D. must
A. Must 23. You ________ leave the table once you have finished your dinner and
B. Might politely excuse yourself.
C. Will A. ought
D. Shall B. would
19. You ________ take along some cash. The cafe may not accept credit cards. C. may
A. can D. might
B. should 24. We've done this math problem at least ten times, but our answer is wrong
C. will according to the answer key. The answer in the book ________ be wrong!
D. would A. shall
20. You _________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people B. must
that I know do not have much money. C. would
A. don't have to D. have to
B. must not 25. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head.
C. cannot ________ you think once in a while before you speak?
D. had better not A. Can
21. I can't stand these children. I _________ out of here. I will be back when the B. Might
birthday party is over. C. Must
A. might have D. Ought to
B. ought not to
26. New research suggests that exercise can reduce the chance of heart attack as A. shall
well as cancer. That's why I told my mother that she ________ start B. might
walking around the neighbourhood in the morning. C. must
A. shall D. should
B. might 30. For most people, learning a new. language is very difficult. Experts agree that
C. should to make the most of your language learning experience, you ________
D. will practice the language regularly.
27. At first, my manager didn't want to hire Ali. But, because I had previously A. better
worked with Ali, I told her that she ________ take another look at his resume B. have to
and reconsider him for the position. C. had better not
A. ought not to D. don't have to
B. should not 31. I was sorry to hear that your basement was flooded last week due to a leaky
C. had better pipe. ________ you allow me to come to your home to make sure that your
D. will have to plumbing is secure? Please contact me to make an appointment at 577-1234.
28. Oh no! He's unconscious. Don't move him. He ________ have internal A. Will
injuries. Somebody call an ambulance. B. May
A. may C. Should
B. shall D. Ought to
C. will 32. While you are at work, your time, and attention ________ be focused on your
D. should job and used in the best interests of the company. Keep your private calls to a
29. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using plant food to make the minimum and don't speak on your phone within earshot of colleagues'
flowers grow in your garden. Since some people might be allergic to working space during working hours.
chemicals in artificial plant foods, the book says that you ________ use an A. can
organic brand to avoid skin irritation. B. would
 C. had better Incomplete Dialogs
D. must Questions 36 to 40 are incomplete dialogs and sentences. Four clauses/sentences,
33. I know there are many factors for you to consider because this won't be an marked by A, B, C, or D, are given beneath each dialog. You are to choose the
easy decision. Whatever your decision, you ________ count on my support. one clause/sentence that best completes the dialog. Then, on your answer sheet,
If you need any further discussion of these issues, don't hesitate to call me. find the number of the question and mark your answer.
A. can 36. Mira : Hi, Nana. What's up?
B. must Nana : Good. Anyway, you look so slim, now. I want to lose weight, too.
C. ought to Can you give me some advice?
D. have to Mira : ___________________
34. Thank you for your suggestion on how to make our deliveries more efficient. A. I don't think you can ever lose weight!
I agree that we ________ begin using an electronic scheduling system. B. You don't need to lose weight. You look fine.
A. may C. Join a weight loss club. They will give you moral support.
B. should D. I found that a brisk walk every lunch time helped me to lose weight.
C. ought 37. Mario : Excuse me, I am lost. I need to go to Westminster. Can you
D. better show me the way?
35. What ________ you do if you had to decide between applying for A stranger : Oh, sure. _____________________
government financial aid to complete a graduate degree or working full time A. I am sorry. I am busy.
for six months to earn enough money and have less debt? B. Ask at the tube station.
A. shall C. I am sorry I can't help you. I don't know the way either.
B. should D. Walk down the road, catch bus 123 and it will take you there.
C. would 38. Sarah : Hi, Reza. What's your plan after graduating? Reza : I want to
D. will apply for a job. Do you have any advice?
Sarah : _________________
 A. There are not many jobs available. You are wasting your time. READING
B. Write your CV and visit the employment agency. Read the following texts and then choose the best answer to each of the
C. My plan is continuing my studies. following questions.
D. Why do you want a job? Text 1
39. Lia's sister : Hey, you look so confused. What's going on? The International Employment Newsletter
Lia : My friend,Tito, asked me for money. If you were me, what No matter where your career is headed, we can help to identify the best
would you do? Would you give it to him? direction for you. The International Employment Newsletter is written for all
Lia's sister : _________________ professionally minded people seeking a new position or hoping to improve
A. Ask him what he needs the money for. their current states. Each issue contains hundreds of regional, national, and
B. He's your friend. Give him the money. international job opportunities. In addition, we offer expert career advice,
C. Pretend you don't have any money. such as letter and resume writing for beginning job seekers and negotiating
D. I never give money to friends. and networking strategies for experienced professionals. Regardless of where
40. Ryan : I want to quit smoking. Can you help me? you are with your career, The International Employment Newsletter can help
Dika : _________________ you. Look for us at your local newsstand or subscribe today for convenient
A. Just stop. home delivery.
B. I suggest you visit the doctor.
C. Don't join friends when they go out for a smoke. 41. What service is offered by The International Employment Newsletter?
D. This is good. You really must do it. I will support you. A. Translation and interpretation.
B. Preparation for going abroad.
C. Work visa applications.
D. Career advice.
42. What is learned about The International Employment Newsletter?
A. It can be read on the Internet.
B. It is published every two weeks.
 C. It is available only by subscription. 45. How would a customer know whether he fits the requirement or not?
D. It can be purchased at newsstands. A. By encouraging him to take the opportunity.
Text 2 B. By placing the next order immediately.

Thank you for your most recent purchase. At this time we wish to remind you C. By contacting the sender at 555-5555.

that customers, whose accounts are paid in full within 10 days from receipt of D. By waiting for a call from 555-5555.

merchandise, will receive a 5% discount on their next order. Those who pay
within 30 days will receive a 3% discount. We encourage you to take
advantage of this money-saving opportunity. We appreciate your business
and we also hope that everything in your most recent shipment was
satisfactory. If you have questions regarding your shipment or bill, please
contact us immediately at 555-5555.

43. Who might be writing the letter?

A. A ship.
B. A shop.
C. A customer.
D. An accountant.
44. What kind of benefit is being offered?
A. A discount.
B. A loan.
C. A free shipment.
D. Telephone number.
 Unit 2 Giving a Neutral Opinion Giving a Strong Opinion
 It seems to me...  I have no doubt that...
What's Your Opinion?
 In my opinion...  There's no doubt in my mind that...
 In my experience...
OVERVIEW
 As far as I'm concerned...
EXPRESSIONS
Asking for Opinions
Showing Agreement and Disagreement Agreement
Formal Semi Formal Informal
Agreement Disagreement
 What's your position  What do you think  How do you feel
 I absolutely agree with your idea.  I totally disagree!
on...? of...? about...?
 I'm in line with your opinion.  Absolutely not!
 I was wondering  What do you think  What about...?
 I couldn't agree with you more.  That's not right!
where you stood on about...?  How do you like.
 Exactly.  I'm not sure about that.
the question of...?  What's your opinion?
 I think so.  I disagree with your idea.
 Would you give me  What's your opinion of
 I completely agree with your  I don't think so.
your opinion on ...? ...?
opinion.  No way.
 What are your views  What is your opinion
 I see exactly what you mean!  I'm afraid I disagree.
on ...? about...?
 You're right.That's a good point.  I beg to differ.
 That's right.  I'd say the exact opposite.
Giving Opinions
Giving a Neutral Opinion Giving a Strong Opinion  I totally agree with your opinion.  Not necessarily.
 Your idea is really excellent!  That's not always true.
 I think...  I'm absolutely convinced that...
 I feel that...  I'm sure that...  That's not always the case.

 In my view...  I strongly believe that...

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR 2. Should
1. -ing and -ed Adjectives a. We use should for giving advice.
Adjectives which come from verbs (participles) can have two forms: Examples:
Adjective 1: Present Adjective 2: Past - You should speak to him about it.
Verb
Participle Participle - He should see a doctor.
amuse amusing amused - We should ask a lawyer.
bore boring bored b. We use should to give an opinion or a recommendation.
embarrass embarrassing embarrassed Examples:
excite exciting excited - He should resign now.
interest interesting interested - We should get a second opinion.

satisfy satisfying satisfied - They should do something about this critical situation.

shock shocking shocked c. Should expresses a personal opinion and is much weaker and more

surprise surprising surprised personal than must or have to. It is often introduced by I think.

worry worrying worried Examples:

- I think they should talk to him.

a. We use the -ed form to talk about how people feel. - I don't think they should keep the contract.

Examples: - Do you think we should tell her about this?

- I'm interested in Math. 3. Verbs followed by "that" clause

- Ines was excited to go on a bus around Jakarta. if we want to use clauses with "that", follow the following rules:

b. We use the -ing form to talk about the subject. a. after verbs of thinking:

Examples: think believe expect decide hope

- It was surprising that he got 750 for the TOEIC test. know understand suppose guess Imagine

- Julia thinks Math is interesting. feel remember forget

 Examples: PRACTICE
- I hope that you will enjoy your holiday. FUNCTION - Asking for and giving opinions
- She didn't really think that it would happen. 1. Mark the sentences with 'A' if it expresses asking for an opinion, 'G' if it
- I knew that I had seen her somewhere before. expresses giving an opinion, and 'N' if it expresses none of them.
b. after verbs of saying: No. Sentences Expressions
say admit argue reply agree 1. What do you think of this medicine?
claim deny mention answer complain 2. I think it is an entertaining film.
explain promise suggest 3. How do 1 get to the station?
4. I personally believe that this is not the right
Examples: decision.
- They admitted that they had made a mistake. 5. Could you give me a ride to work on Monday?
- She argued that they should invest more in the business. 6. How was your trip last weekend?
- The children complained that they had nothing to do. 7. I'm sure that it's a waste of time.
(Source: http5Mearnenglish.brftishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/
verbs-followed-that-clause) 8. What's your opinion about this matter?
9. I'm sorry 1 shouted at you.
10. 1 believe we have made a major financial error.
11. Do you think it's a good idea?
12. 1 was wondering where you stood on the question
of national security?
13. Thank you very much for the exam information.
14. What are your views on the controversial subject?
15. As far as I'm concerned, we need to investigate the
incident.
2. Match the questions and the responses. e. I think cooking is only for women.
Questions Responses f. I'm absolutely convinced that learning English would affect my future life.
1. What do you think of a 1 think it needs more attention g. I'm sure that it is entertaining to watch movies.
Riverside Resto for our and priority for teenagers. h. In my experience, money is not an absolute thing to have.
junior high reunion? i. In my opinion, Indonesian food is as tasty as Indian food.
2. What is your opinion of b 1 oppose it because it will bring j. In my view, doing regular exercise does a lot of good things for our health.
the fried rice at the school problems. k. It seems to me that students shouldn't be burdened with too much
canteen? homework.
3. What is your attitude c Not really. It's too hot most of l. There's no doubt in my mind that cigarettes are not good for human's
toward all the recent news the time. lungs.
about juvenile 4. Read the dialogs. Then, answer the following questions.
delinquency?  Dialog 1
4. Do you agree that Phuket d 1 think it's good because it's one A : I don't like it, but I think we'll have to cut back the research bi'dget.
is one of the best vacation of the best places in town. B : That could be very costly. I have no doubt that we could lose our
spots in the world? hard-earned competitive edge.
5. Do you oppose or favor a e In my opinion, the taste is not A : Well, it hasn't been decided yet, but we are looking at it.
global currency? good. Questions:
a. What is the topic of the dialog?

3. Label whether each of the following statements is a NEUTRAL or a b. What is the first speaker's idea?

STRONG OPINION. c. What is the second speaker's opinion?

a. As far as I'm concerned social media reduces social interactions. d. Do the speakers end up in an agreement?

b. I feel that traveling abroad broadens our personal view. e. What might be the relationship between the two speakers?

c. I have no doubt that reading good books is beneficial.

d. I strongly believe that playing computer games is addictive.
 Dialog 2  Dialog 4
A : Could we take an alternative route? It's rush hour and I have to be at A : What do you think about beef?
the airport by ten. B : I think eating any meat is bad for our health.
B : I do this every day, sir. In my opinion we'd be better off staying right A : That's not true. It's a really good source of protein.
where we are, the traffic gets lighter after this junction. Questions:
A : I knew I should have set the alarm clock earlier. But I think we must a. What are the speakers talking about?
take an alternative route now. b. What is the second speaker's opinion?
Questions: c. Does the first speaker agree with the second?
a. What are they talking about?  Dialog 5
b. What is the second speaker's opinion about what is happening? A : What do you think we should do about our salesperson jumping ship?
c. Does the first speaker agree? Why? She's going to work for our competitors.
d. Do the speakers end up in an agreement? B : I think we should offer her a big raise to stay. She's worth it.
 Dialog 3 A : I'm afraid I disagree. If we make the offer, she will threaten to quit
A : I was wondering where you stood on the question of national any time she wants more money.
security? B : Hmmm, maybe you are right.
B : There's no doubt in my mind that our country must stand in unity In Questions:
spite of our cultural differences. a. Why are they talking about the salesperson?
A : I couldn't agree with you more. b. What is the second speaker's opinion about her?
Questions: c. Does the first speaker agree? Why?
a. What is the topic of the dialog?
b. What is the second speaker's opinion?
c. Does the first speaker agree with the second?
5. Put the expressions into the correct subheadings: agreeing or agree with absolutely
disagreeing. James. right.
Agreeing Disagreeing - That's so true.
- You have a
point there.

6. Read the letter and then answer the questions.

 Letter 1
LETTER OF AGREEMENT

April 17th, 2017

Absolutely. - I have to side - I'm afraid 1
Exactly. with Dad on disagree with Adriana Simatupang
Soedirman Apt. 7thFI - Kav 12
I agree with this one. your idea. Jalan Soedirman 43
you. - I strongly - No doubt Jakarta, 13755

I beg to differ. agree. about it. Dear Adriana Simatupang,

I couldn't agree - I totally - No way.
This letter serves as a formal agreement between SMK Sanjaya and
more. disagree. - No, I'm not Adriana Simatupang, whereby Adriana Simatupang will provide
I don't think so. - 1 was just so sure about professional services of Game Design Programming, on June 29th,
from 8 a.m to 2 p.m, at SMK Sanjaya Multimedia Room.
That's not going to say that.
always the that. - Not Adriana Simatupang is being sponsored by the SMK Sanjaya and will
be compensated for services provided in the amount of Rp3.000.000.
case. - I'd say necessarily. Payment will be disbursed upon completion of services. Please sign
That's not the exact - That's exactly both copies of this agreement. Retain one copy for your file and
return one copy to SMK Sanjaya (or specific office).
always true. opposite. how 1 feel.
- I'm afraid 1 - You're Regards,
Rudi Hartono
Principal of SMK Sanjaya
 Questions: 7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Give your
a. To whom is the letter addressed? reason(s).
b. Is it a formal or informal letter? a. People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want
c. What kind of agreement is this? something more or something different.
d. What will Adriana Simatupang do for SMK Sanjaya? b. It is more important for students to study history and literature than to
e. What will SMK Sanjaya do for Adriana Simatupang? study science and mathematics.
 Letter 2 c. All students should be required to study art and music in secondary
To my surprise, I received an incorrect bill from you today. You must school.
have forgotten that we agreed on $900 for the painting, not $1,100. I d. People, who earn a lot of money are successful.
hope we can resolve this problem quickly. I would like to continue e. Playing a game is fun only when you win.
our good relationship and refer you to friends and family in need of f. People behave differently when they wear different clothes.
your services. Please send me a corrected bill. g. Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.
Thank you. h. Smoking should be banned in all places, including private homes.
Rachel i. Making mistakes in English is fine as long as people understand you.
j. Women will never be equal to men in the workplace.
Questions:
a. To whom is the letter addressed? GRAMMAR
b. Who might write the letter? 1. Read the following opinions. What is the person giving an opinion about?
c. Is it a formal or informal letter? Then, look at the seven things in the box. After that, match the correct
d. Why did she write the letter? word from the box.
 restaurant  match
 film  hotel
 book  museum
 football
a. The food was nourishing l. I had a relaxing time in the Jacuzzi before I went to bed.
restaurant ___________
b. I love being amused by a good comedy film. 2. Read the following opinions. Are they grammatically correct or
___________ incorrect?
c. The stadium was crowded with fans of Liverpool. a. I didn't enjoy the party. It was very bored.
___________ Incorrect
d. I was surprised by the score at the end. b. The ghost story was very frightening.
___________ ___________
e. The special effects were amazing. c. I was shocking by what she told me.
___________ ___________
f. The last chapter is very exciting. d. The children were over-excited and noisy.
___________ ___________
g. I am very interested in Ancient Egypt. e. Your holiday in Bali sounds very exciting.
___________ ___________
h. The menu was rather disappointing. f. I was embarrassing when they asked me to sing.
___________ ___________
i. The ancient bones were very well displayed. g. It was very depressing to hear about your problems.
___________ ___________
j. I was bored with the first chapter. h. I thought the story was very confusing.
___________ __________
k. I was very tired and I wanted a nice comfortable bed. i. I was very tiring so I went to bed.
___________ _________
j. I went home early because the party was boring
___________
3. Underline the correct form of the adjective in these opinions. b. I was very angry when they didn't answer the phone.
a. I've just read a very | amusing | amused | book __________
b. The basketball game was very | excited I exciting | because both teams c. The music was very beautiful and made me feel magical.
played well. __________
c. I couldn't find the way to your house because your map was very | d. The massage took away all my stress.
confused | confusing __________
d. I was | amazed | amazing | that your brother did so well in his exam. e. My room was dirty and made me feel sick.
e. Please go away. You are very | annoyed | annoying __________
f. I was | shocked | shocking | when I saw the Write how you felt about the f. The story was very funny and made me laugh.
events, bill! It was Rp325.000! __________
g. Are you | interested | interesting | in politics? g. The news was very bad, so I felt unhappy.
h. I was very | embarrassed | embarrassing | because I didn't understand __________
Spanish. h. The film was very long, slow and uninteresting.
i. Everybody was | amused | amusing | by her imitations of her teachers. __________
j. The walk to the top of the hill was | exhausted | exhausting |. i. The children cried when Bambi's mother was killed.
__________
4. Write the best adjective from the box to describe the events. j. Your story about the air crash frightened me.
amusing depressing relaxing __________
disgusting enchanting boring
satisfying terrifying 5. Fill in the blanks with should or shouldn't.
annoying moving a. Listen to that music! Our neighbors__________ play music that loud at
this hour.
a. I had a very delicious meal. b. If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, you __________ go to the
Satisfying dentist.
 c. Catherine __________ keep calling her ex-boyfriend. I think he is with Statements Responses
another girl now. 4 1 need to stop D You should eat less
d. Before going to Korea for your holidays, you __________ try and learn smoking. carbohydrates.
the language. You will enjoy things a lot more. 5 My eyes hurt. E You shouldn't spend so much
e. You __________ always inock on the door before entering. This is a time in front of the computer.
private office. 6 I'm still feeling very F You should take it back to the
f. We __________ bring something to Cynthia's party. I'll feel really sick. shop.
embarrassed otherwise. 7 1 wish l had more G You should ask him for it.
g. That model on the TV is too skinny. She __________ eat more, I money.
think! 8 1 don't know where to H You should call a doctor.
h. Lydia __________ ask Bobby to help her with her studies. He attended go on holiday.
the same course last year.
i. Pregnant women __________ smoke because it can hurt the baby. 7. Complete the second sentences of each pair with one of the following
j. We __________ leave too late tomorrow if we want to reach the beach words in the box.
before lunch. feels complains decided
6. Match the statements and the responses. explained thinks denied
Statements Responses be'ieves expects
1 Ryan hasn't repaid the A You should go to Raja Ampat. agreed promised
money I lent him. It's magnificent. 1. Raysa: "Yes, it was a great live concert."
2 I bought it, but it's B You should whittle down your Raysa_________that the concert was great.
broken. habit, aim for once a day. 2. A student to his friend: "I hate having to do a lot of homework every
3 I want to lose some C You shouldn't spend so much day."
weight. on clothes and shoes. The student _________ that he has to do a lot of homework every day.
3. Yoko: "No, I didn't remove the battery of the laptop." Questions - Responses
Yoko _________ that he had removed the battery of the laptop. You will hear a question or statement spoken in English. You will hear the
4. Andy: "Well, I think we should back her up in this difficult situation." question or statement TWICE. In your test book, you will read three responses.
Andy _________ that we should back her up in that difficult situation. You are to choose the best response to each question or statement.
5. Diana: "I will be on time, I promise." 1. A. They are leaving soon.
Diana has _________ that she would be on time. B. This room is longer than the other one.
6. A father: "All humans are born equal." C. Let's just wait another few minutes.
My father _________ that all humans are born equal. 2. A. We'll have a planning meeting next week.
7. Customer: "I don't think I'll buy this washing machine after all." B. We don't have any openings right now.
The customer _________ that he wouldn't buy the washing machine. C. I think they're wonderful.
8. Rita: "I am not good at mathematics. I always find it difficult." 3. A. Not unless she works faster.
Rita_________ that she always has some difficulties in mathematics. B. It's time to go to work.
9. Ben: I can make fire with a stick. You know, my father taught me how to C. I heard the news report on the radio last night.
do it when I was a child. 4. A. He's about thirty-five years old.
Ben _________ that his father had taught him how to make fire with a B. I don't think he's very happy there.
stick when he was a child. C. It's a new job.
10. A student: "I hope we can convince the teacher that this is not 5. A. I'm not sure whether I’il go
plagiarism." B. Yes, let's go together.
The student _________that they can convince the teacher that it is not C. I love a rainy day.
plagiarism. 6. A. No, he wasn't there.
B. No, I don't really enjoy parties.
C. No, he's too busy this week.
7. A. It lasted several days.
B. I thought it was boring.
 C. She's doing very well, thank you. 12. What are the speakers discussing?
8. A. She says it's a good Idea. A. Work.
B. She's all out of change. B. Shopping.
C. No, she didn't have to change plans. C. The economy.
9. A. You should fill out the blue form. D. A place to live.
B. It is a bit cooler in here. 13. What is the man's opinion of the store?
C. I really don't like it at all. A. It isn't big enough.
10. A. Yes, he works here. B. The prices are high.
B. He always does an excellent job. C. It's too disorganized.
C. He walks fast. D. The people are helpful.
Short Conversations 14. What are the speakers discussing?
In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the A. Working.
conversations TWICE. The conversations will not be printed in your test book, so B. Spending money.
you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say. In your test paper, C. Going on vacation.
you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed D. Taking a coffee break.
by four answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it 15. What are the speakers agreeing to?
on your answer sheet. A. An application form.
B. A business report.
11. What will the speakers probably do? C. A bank loan.
A. Show the report to Sania's boss. D. A contract.
B. Tell Sania to rewrite the report. 16. What are the speakers going to celebrate?
C. Help Sania rewrite the report. A. A birthday.
D. Fire Sania. B. A graduation.
C. A promotion.
 D. A retirement. UNIT 3
17. Where will the man wait?
WE WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU
A. Upstairs.
B. Outside.
A. Written Invitations
C. By the front door.
Here are following expressions of inviting,
D. Near the elevator.
accepting, and refusing an invitation:
18. What is the woman's opinion of the lecture?
- You are cordially invited to ....
A. It was terrible.
- We would like to invite you.
B. It was Interesting.
- I was wondering If you'd like to ....
C. It was not enjoyable.
- ... which they have the honor to accept
D. It was not long enough.
- ... which they much regret being unable to accept.
19. What do the speakers say about TV?
A. It's boring.
B. It's funny. 1. Invitation Letter

C. The programs are good. An Invitation letter is a type of letter written to an organization or an individual

D. There aren't many programs. for their participation or presence at an event or an occasion. The occasion can be

20. What did the man think of the meeting? official (formal) or personal (informal).

A. It was a waste of time. There are two types of invitation letters:

B. It was informative. a. Official

C. It was interesting. Official invitation letters are written for inviting officials and certain

D. It was useful. distinguished people. They follow a formal format. The Invitations are related
to meetings, interviews, training, conferences, etc.
b. Personal Examples:
Personal invitation letters are written for Inviting friends, peers, relatives, - There is no possible way I can rearrange my schedule at this time. I'm
family members, or neighbors to social events, such as weddings, birthday deeply sorry.
parties, anniversaries, or baby showers. The format Is a mixture of informal - I regret I'll be out of the city on September 6th.
and formal letters. - November 11 is our parents' anniversary. We apologize for being unable
2. Accepting an Invitation to attend your event.
When writing an accepting invitation lener to an event, the letter should be brief. - We Would Like to Invite You
The body of the letter should: c. Wish success for the event.
- inform an appreciation that was felt upon receiving the request, Examples:
- provide a brief section outlining the confirmation of the details of the event - My best regards for the dinner and discussions.
including the date and time, and - I do hope the meeting turns out to be profitable for all concerned.
- inform the invitee that the person will be attending. - Thank you for thinking of me and best wishes for an enjoyable and
3. Declining an Invitation successful evening.
When writing a declining invitation letter to an event, follow these guidelines
below. NOTE:
a. Express appreciation for the invitation. 1. RSVP
Examples: From French, it means "ftepondez s'il vous plait." or "Please reply." It's
- I was honored to be invited to the opening ceremony for the Legend's Art definitely telling you that your hosts want to know if you are attending or not.
Exhibition. Reply promptly, within a day or two of receiving an invitation.
- Thank you for including me on your guest list for the upcoming dinner 2. How do I respond? Reply in the manner indicated on the invitation.
with Dr. Chang. - RSVP and no response card: a handwritten response to the host at the
b. Express regret that you must decline. Your regret sounds more sincere if you return address on the envelope.
can give a specific explanation of what prevents your acceptance. - Response Card: fill in and reply by the date indicated and return it in the
enclosed envelope.
 - Regrets only: reply only if you cannot attend. If your host doesn't hear Examples:
from you, he is expecting you.  I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.
 Would you be interested in going to our university next Thursday?
B. Spoken Invitations  We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.
Use the following expressions, if you want to directly invite people for your  Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
events or invite someone over.  How do you fancy going to the live concert?
Inviting someone you do not know very well  Care to come over for lunch?
 I was wondering if you'd like to...  Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?
 Would you be interested in ...?  How about going to the restaurant?
 We'd be delighted to... Note:
Don't say'l invite you...'or'l'd like to invite you...'
Inviting friends Use one of the expressions above.
 Do you want to ...?
 How do you fancy ...?
 Care to ...?

Inviting anyone
 Would you like to ...?
 How about ...?
Here are the expressions of accepting and refusing an invitation: There are two phrases for inviting people:
Accepting an invitation Declining an invitation a.
Formal Formal
 That's very kind of  That's very kind of
 you, thanks.  you, but actually . . .
 That sounds lovely,  (reason)
 thank you.  Well, I'd love to, but... b. Informal Phrases
 What a great idea,  (reason)
 thank you. Informal
 I'd love to, thanks.  I'm really sorry, but...
 Yes, I'd like that.  (reason)
Informal  1 really don't think 1
 That sounds great!  can. (Reason)...
 Yes, OK.  Sorry, (I'm afraid) 1
 Sure.  can't.
 Sorry, but... (reason)
Formal Phrases
Formal phrases are used when you are planning to invite several people for
official events. The invited people usually are older family members,
supervisors, or people whom you do not know particularly well.
Examples:
 Would you like to join us for lunch?
 May I have your presence tonight?
Informal phrases are used when you are planning to invite your casual friends
or people, who you know very well.
Examples:
 Let's go out tonight!
 Let's grab some drinks!
Sometimes, people use suggestion forms in more informal situations to invite
other people to join you in doing something. These forms include let's do,
how about, and shall we.
Examples:
 How about a tasty sweet cake?
 What a perfect time to have a barbecue! Let's go!
ESSENSIAL GRAMMAR  Certain verbs
TO INFINITIVES OR GERUNDS Ver + (Pro) noun +
Verb + Infinitive
Pay attention to the underlined words. Some words are in the form of to Infinitive
infinitives, the others are in the form of gerunds (ing-form).  hope to (do something)  tell someone to
Examples:  plan to  advise someone to
 I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.  intend to  encourage someone to
 Would you be interested In going to our university next Thursday?  decide to  remind invite someone
 We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.  promise to to
 Do you want to go to the movies tonight?  agree to  permit someone to
 How do you fancy going to the live concert?  offer to  allow someone to
 Care to come over for lunch?  refuse to  warn someone to
 Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?  seem to  require someone to
 How about going to the restaurant?  appear to  order someone to
1. When do we use 'to infinitives' or 'gerunds'?  pretend to  force someone to
a. We use 'to infinitives' after:  ask to  ask someone to
 Certain adjectives  expect to  expect someone to
amazed delighted lucky 
 would like to would like someone to
anxious determined motivated
 want to  want someone to
ashamed eager pleased
 need to  need someone to
astonished fortunate prepared
careful glad proud
b. We use 'gerunds' after: PRACTICE
 Prepositions (on, in, about, to) FUNCTION – Inviting Someone Over
Examples: 1. Match the letters of invitations with their proper replies. Then, fill in the
 We talked about going to Canada for our vacation. blanks with the name of the senders.
 Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting. Invitations Replies
 I'm interested in learning more about your work. 1 Dear Lala, a Dear Tio and Mia,
 I look forward to going home next month. I want to tell you that I Thank you for your kind

 They object to changing their plans at this late date. am having a small farewell letter. I'd love to join you. Maybe

 Certain verbs party next Saturday at 7 p.m. I will stay with my mother this

enjoy avoid I was wondering if you could weekend.

appreciate postpone (put off) come. I'm coming by train on

mind delay Your presence will be Friday night and I could join you

quit (give up) keep (keep on) most eagerly awaited. the next morning because I have

finish (get • consider Looking forward to seeing a meeting to attend on Friday

through) discuss you on that day. afternoon. Is that all right for

stop suggest you? I miss you, and the kids.

mention fancy All my love,

......... Love,
........
 Invitations
2 Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Park
request the pleasure of the
company of
Mr. and Mrs. Roberts at the
marriage of their son, John to
Cecilia Thompson on July
23th, 2017 at 7 p.m. at
Oriental Garden, Brisbane.
R.S.V.P
3 Dear uncle Billy,
Replies Invitations Replies
b Dear Helena, 4 You're invited to a d Dear....
BBQ PARTY
Thanks for the invitation for Thank you for your engagement
the farewell party. But I'm afraid, Sunday, August 20th party invitation on Sunday, July
I will be out of town on that day. 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. 16th, 2017 at 7 p.m. My wife and
Perhaps, I will meet you at 1 will be happy to attend and
the airport before your departure. Meet at Kuta Beach eagerly look forward to helping
It's on Monday at 6 p.m., right? Bali you celebrate this happy
occasion.
Love, We'll supply the food and
.... drinks. But, you're allowed to Regards,
c Dear Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Park, bring your own food.

How are you uncle? Do you Thank you very much for your
find your new job rewarding? kind invitation to John's
We are visiting grandma this wedding. We are very happy to
weekend. Why don't you join accept it.
us? We really miss you.
Yours sincerely,
Love,
RSVP toTania
567-786
5 You are cordially invited to e Dear....
attend an Engagement Party
given in honor of: John and 1 were delighted to
receive the invitation to your
Doni and Lala barbecue party. We accept and
On July 16th, 2017 are looking forward to the event.
At 7 p.m. I've misplaced the invitation, but
 Invitations Replies a. Body of the letter b. Signature c. Dress code
as 1 recall, the barbecue is on d. Statement of details e. Sender's address f. Complimentary close
This party will be held at Sunday, August 20th at 7 p.m.. g. Date h. A request for response i. Addressee's name
Kemang Restaurant Please let me know if 1 am
Jakarta Selatan. mistaken. We look forward to 3. Read the letter again and then answer the questions.
Hosted by the parents of the another great evening with you. a. Who is the sender?
couple. b. Who is the addressee?
Regards, c. What is the purpose of the letter?
d. What is the agenda of the event?
2. Read the letter and then match the numbers with the parts. e. What should the addressee do after she received the letter?
University of f. Is it a formal or informal letter?
Reading
g. How do you know if this letter is formal or informal?
White knights House
White knights, PO Box 217 4. Complete the letters with the words in the boxes.
Reading RG6 6AH
March I8'h,2017  Letter 1
Dear Helena Chow,
The Heid'rich Literacy Council ________ you to attend a special benefit
It is with great pleasure that I write to invite youjalbeJatmctrofffielJniversity of
Reading's Centre for Food Security on Monday, June 12", 2017. The Centre offers a new ________ performance featuring the famous comedian, Stefan Heidrich. All
focus for research on the challenges of meeting global demands for food in a sustainable ________ will go towards next year's literacy campaign.
way. The launch will be marked by a lecture entitled The Global Future of Food and You may already know that the Heidrich Literacy Council has taught over
Farming', given by Sir John Paddington, Government Chief Scientist. 1,000________ adults in the Springfield to read and write each year since 2001. But
The launch and lecture, which are kindly sponsored by PwC, will be run in partnership perhaps you didn't know that we also ________ thousands of dollars every year to
with the University of Reading s highly-acclaimed Museum of English Rural Life. public and private schools to improve their libraries.
The evening win commence with a private drinks reception from 6.15 p.m. followed by You can contribute to these efforts by purchasing a ticket to the benefit
the lecture at 7 p.m., with ample time being given for Q&A and discussion during the formal performance, which will be ________ on May 9th at 8 p.m. in the Springfield High
proceedings. School auditorium. The cost of the tickets is only $15.00 per person.
Additional information about the event, together with details about how to get to the
________is a mail order form for your tickets. Please specify the number of
venue at the Henley Business School in the University of Reading, are enclosed. I would hp
extremely grateful if you could R.S.V.P. by no later than Friday, May 12'" to tickets you desire and enclose a check for the appropriate amount. If you cannot
events@reading.ac.uk or 0118 378 7109. Please advise us of any special mobility or dietary attend but you would still like to make a donation, we will________receive it. We
requirements you may have. eagerly await your ________.
I hope you are able to accept this invitation and I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely.
Professor Gordon Marshall PS. Dress-code: formal
  Letter 4
a. proceeds b. gratefully c. invites
Thank you very much for your a. Occasion
d. reply e. donate f. enclosed thoughtful___________to attend Sisca's graduation
b. Invitation
g. area h. held party. Unfortunately, Rick will be in Bandung that day
and I am in ___________of a community fund drive c. Congratulations
that requires my attention and help that night.
d. charge
Otherwise, we would surely be there. I'm sure it will
 Letter 2 be a great ___________. Please convey our regrets to
Sisca and extend our warm ___________ to her on
The Demian Arts Council this achievement. I'm sure you are very proud of her.
___________the pleasure of your company a. Honor
at a reception in___________of b. R.S.V.P
Dr. Robert John 5. Put the expressions below into the correct sub-headings.
c. Requests
on the occasion of his___________  I was wondering if you'd like to come to our party.
on Friday, August 11'h, 2017 d. Retirement
from 7 8 p.m.  I wish I could, but I have lots to do.
at The Hilton Hotel e. to
 Sounds great.
Thamrin Street
___________ (021) 8096407 by July 2" 2017  How about going with us?
 I'd really like to, but my mother is visiting us tonight.
 OK.
 Letter 3  Thank you. I'd love to.
Thank you for___________ us to be part of Nana’s graduation  I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday.
celebration. We're eager to see you all again. This event will make you
even more special. We'll be ___________on Thursday at 7 p.m. on flight  Would you like to join us?
401. ___________you for offering to pick us up and ___________ us a
 How about dinner?
room at the Sun Inn. You seem to think of everything.
We look___________to spending this time with you and getting  Sorry, I've already made plans for Saturday.
better acquainted with Nana and her husband.
 I'm awfully sorry, but I have other plans.
a. Inviting b. Thank c. Arriving  That would be wonderful.
d. Forward e. getting
 Yes, thank you. What time?
  Thanks. I'd love to. Invitations Responses
 Let's go to our place for a coffee! 6 Would you like to go out for dinner F I'm supposed to be doing
 How about going to the flower park? sometime? something else tomorrow
Making an invitation Accepting an invitation Refusing an invitation afternoon. Tonight, maybe?
7 How about getting a cup of coffee G Sorry, but I'm going to aerobics
tomorrow afternoon? on Tuesday.
8 Would you care to join us watching H Great!
a movie tonight?

6. Match the invitations and the responses. 9 I'd be pleased to have you over for I Yes, OK. What time is the

Invitations Responses dinner tonight at my house. match?

1 Do you want to go bowling on A What a great idea, thank you. 10 Let's grab some drinks! J I'd love to, but I'm afraid the

Thursday? What time is the barbeque? meeting will finish very late

2 I was wondering if you'd like to join B I wish I could, but I have an tonight.

us for a barbeque. appointment with my dentist at

6.30 p.m. 7. Write the invitations with your own words.

3 Do you want to watch the C That's very kind of you, thank a. Invitation : ___________________

basketball match with us? you. Please give me your Reply : Okay. Sounds good.

address. b. Invitation : ___________________

4 We're going rollerblading on D Yes, I'd like to go out to dinner Reply : I'm awfully sorry, but I have other plans.

Tuesday. Do you want to come? with you. c. Invitation : ___________________

5 Would you like to come over for E Sorry, I can't. It's my dad's Reply : Yes, thank you. What time

dinner at 7 tonight? birthday. Maybe next Thursday. d. Invitation : ___________________

Reply : I'm afraid, I can't.
 e. Invitation : ___________________ Unit 4
Reply : That would be wonderful.
Is It Good for Us?
GRAMMAR
OVERVIEW
1. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct forms: 'to infinitives' or
EXPRESSIONS
'gerunds'.
The following expressions are usually used to persuade and convince somebody:
1. We were pleased (receive) the letter.
1. To persuade someone
2. Would you like (join) us for lunch today?
Some expressions of trying to persuade someone:
3. You are capable of (do) better work.
 You really should ...
4. How do you fancy (ride) motorbikes to Mount Bromo?
5. I want (visit) some interesting places in Bali.  Don't you think you should ...?

6. Please remind me (go) to the bank today.  What about...?

7. Thanks for (remind) me about tonight's party.  I could ....

8. They were excited (hear) about the birth of her baby.  I can assure you of ....
9. Gita had a good reason for (attend) the wedding party yesterday.  Don't forget that....
10. The mother told the kid to stop, but he kept (run) toward the river. Here are the sentences' examples:
11. His coach encouraged him throughout the marathon race (keep) on (run).  You really should tell your boss.
12. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the teacher when they don't want  Don't forget that it's a good brand.
(answer) a question.  What about your friends?
13. She was surprised (discover) that he had never learned how (swim).  Don't you think you should do something for your school?
14. I need (go) to my school reunion. I am looking forward to (meet) my  I could do with your support, you know.
kindergarten friends.  I can assure you of my full support.
15. He was accused of (steal) the car and some policemen forced him (admit)
it.
2. To convince someone
Some expressions of trying to convince someone:
 I can guarantee ....
 I tell you,....
 I saw it....
 I can assure you ....
 It's crystal clear....
 It's quite true.
 It must be true.
 But you must admit that....
 But don't you agree that....
Here are the sentences'examples:
 I can guarantee that this radio is good.
 I tell you, this TV series is good.
 I saw it with my own eyes.
 It's crystal clear that this LED lamp is good.
 But you must admit that this painting is beautiful.
 But don't you agree that this exercise is so hard?
Analytical Exposition
a. Definition
Analytical exposition is a type of argumentative text. Its social function is to
persuade the readers or listeners that the idea is an important matter (good,
bad, necessary, harmful, needs to be done, beneficial, etc.)
b. Generic Structure of analytical Exposition
1) Thesis (introduction)
It introduces the topic (what the writer is talking about) and indicates the
writer's position. Therefore, this part should end with the expressions of
reasoning or proving.
2) Arguments (body)
It contains several reasons, facts, examples, or statistics to support the
writer's position.
3) Reiteration (conclusion)
It restates the writer's position that has been stated in the thesis or makes
conclusion based on the arguments.
c. Language Features of Analytical Exposition
1) Using relational process
Expressing a participant's condition and possession. Example: The
cupboard looks strong because it has two doors.
2) Using sequence connective adverbs
Elaborating and itemizing steps in an argument. Examples: Firstly,
secondly, next, finally
3) Using causal conjunction ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Explaining the cause of an event. Examples: Because, due to, since 1. Simple Present Tense
4) Using contrastive conjunction Connecting contrastive sentences. The simple present tense is used to describe an action that is regular, true,
Examples: but, nevertheless or normal. We use the present tense for:
5) Using Simple Present Tense a. Explaining repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
To explain something happening in the present time. Example: Bruno is a Examples:
quiet boy.  I take the train to the office every Monday to Friday.
6) Focusing on generic human and non-human participants. Examples: car,  The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
pollution, leaded petrol car.  John sleeps eight hours every night.
7) Using abstract nouns. Examples: policy, rule.  I get up early every day.
8) Using modal verbs. Examples: must, can, should.  Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
9) Using modal adverbs. Example: certainly.  They travel to their country house every weekend.
10) Using passive sentences. Examples: It is manufactured in Jakarta. b. Explaining facts. Examples:
Analytical Exposition may appear in the form of:  The President of the USA lives in the White House.
 Poems  Every dog has four legs.
 Campaign posters  Rivers flow to the sea.
 Advertisements  We come from Switzerland.
Thé purpose is to persuade/convince the readers or listeners about certain  It rains a lot in winter.
issues with aspects like facts, statistics, reasons, examples, or  The Queen of England lives in the Buckingham Palace.
differentiation. The examples below are the passive sentences of simple present tense form:
 Customers are served by waiters and waitresses.
 Her blood pressure is checked twice a year.
 Global warming is caused by the loss of forests.
2. Relational process b. Causal conjunction
Relational Process is one type of process which is used to express a To express cause-effect relation. Examples: because, as, since, therefore
participant's condition and possession. Here is a list of verbs showing c. Contrastive conjunction
relational process. To chain contrastive sentences. Examples: but, nevertheless
a. To express a participant's condition: 4. Should
be (is, am, be seem appear sound Should is used to express what the speaker thinks is right or the best
are) (was, were) thing to do. It expresses mild obligation or advice. Examples:
look taste smell feel become  I should drink more water. (This is my opinion)
remain turn grow go run  You should drink more water. (I'm telling you what I think)
come keep weigh stay cost  Do you think we should stop here? (I'm asking you for your opinion)
measure make realize denote indicate Should can also be used to express negative advice. The negative form
refer to reflect portray function represent of should is shouldn't. Examples:
 You shouldn't sit so close to the TV. It's bad for your eyes.
b. To express a participant's possession:  You shouldn't go to school by driving a car.
have belong to possess lack need Should also expresses the opinion of the speaker and Is often
deserve own feature boast contain introduced by I think or I don't think. Examples:
include exclude involve comprise consist of  I think politicians should listen more.
 I don't think people should get married until they are 25 years old.
3. Conjunctions in analytical exposition Should can also be used to express logical probability. Examples:
a. Sequence connective adverbs  You should find this grammar book helpful.
To elaborate and itemize steps In an argument. Examples: Firstly,  He should be here soon - he already left home at six.
secondly, next, finally  Granny should be staying with us for a couple of months.
 That should be nice.
  I should be able to beat him. But I think it is very unlikely that he has the money to buy one in the near
 Mount Everest should be visible from Tiger Hill If the sky's clear. future.
Note that should is not as strong as must. In questions, should is used to
ask for advice or instructions. Examples: PRACTICE
 It is ra FUNCTION- Analytical Exposition
 her cold here. Should I turn the heating on? 1. Arrange the parts to make good sentences. Add punctuation where

 What should we do now? necessary.

 Should I seek his opinion? 1. the proposal/sUre/you/that/you/bring forward /Are/ought to

2. comfortable/agree/you/this/chair/is/that/ Don't
 Should we talk to him?
3. are/that/of/there/diseases/Don't/risks/ forget
5. Conditional Sentences Type 2
4. Don't/think/approve/you/you/the budget/ should
It is often called the "unreal" conditional because It is used for expressing
5. admit/the major/you/that/But/incldent/ reported/yet/must/is not
unreal, impossible, or improbable situations. This type of conditional
6. assure/l/good/will/of/our/intention/you
provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It Is very unlikely that the
7. that/needs/renewing/computer/crystal clear/lt's/your/system
condition will be fulfilled. The second conditional sentence form:
8. about/the battery/What/cell phone/ changlng/your/of
Conditional Result
9. What/colleagues/your/about/business
If + Simple past, would + Infinitive
10. the membershlp/should/really/You/cancel
Here are some examples of second conditional:
11. support/I/your/new idea/will
 If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
12. pain/You/go/to/heal/want/you/if/to the doctor/your/should
The sentence above means that I would like to send an invitation to my
13. wider/about/we/to/can/so/going/the museum/What/our knowledge
friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So
14. talk/should/You/your coordinator/to
now, I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.
15. this problem/are/for/handling/to/do/you/ going/How
 If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
The sentence above means that I know John doesn't have much money,
but he loves Ferraris and he would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams).
2. Complete the table based on the following dialogs. Dialog 1 Dialog 2
Dialog 1 The topic of the dialog
Abdul : Hi, Cindy. How are you doing with your new business?
Cindy : Hi, Abdul. It's going well. I signed up two new clients last The speakers'
week, and now I have five in total. relationship
Abdul : Wow, five already. That's great! Sentences to persuade
Cindy : You really should join this profitable business. or convince
Abdul : I'd prefer to focus on my studies.
Cindy : I can guarantee that this business will not disturb your studies. 3. Fill in the banlks with the correct words in the box
Abdul : Well, let me think about it. due to well-being firstly finally
Cindy : Okay. I can assure you of my full support. finish stressful several by the time
Dialog 2 sedentary contributes conclusion engage
Man : Hello? I read your advertisement on the Home Base website. Is
Homework
a single room still available? The amount of homework, given to students, needs to be reduced for _____reasons. Time is
limited in many students' lives. At the same time, other students are showing alarming levels of
Woman : Yes, it is. Do you want to see it? _____ sedentary lifestyles. Lastly, family disharmony has i. creased as a result of stressed parents,
trying to get their children to do their homework.
Man : OK, but before I see it, I'd like a little more information. The _____, time is limited. Many students don't arrive home until 6 p.m. This happens because
advertisement said it is one million Rupiahs for a month. they have chosen to play sports which require a few hours training each week or they _____in
cultural activities, which are often taught afterschool. _____ they have finished dinner, showered,
Woman : Yes. And the room is newly furnished. You really should rent and finished jobs until 8 p.m. If they have homework, then it is too late to start. Therefore, it is
fair to say there is not enough time after school to _____ quality homework.
it. On the other hand, research has found that many young people have high levels of obesity
because of their _____ lifestyles. Why must students sit still at night when they have been sitting
Man : I see. in classrooms all day. This is not good for their health and_____ to the high level of obesity seen
today.
Woman : Don't forget that it also includes a bathroom and electricity. . _____, homework places huge amounts of stress on already stressed-out families. In many
families, both parent are working and the last thing they need is to fight with their children about
homework at the end of a _____ day.
In _____, homework should be reduced. We must recognize that students' time is limited,
sedentary work contributes to the high levels of obesity and finally, homework can increase
family disharmony. The _____ of students is far more important than excessive amounts of
homework.
(Source: http^/englishforsma.com/homework-reading-practice-3-analyttcal-exposition/]
4. Arrange the sentences to make good texts.  Text 2
 Text 1 a. There are lots of sports that children can play such as football,
The Importance of English badminton, gymnastics, and basketball. It doesn't matter what
you like or where you live. There is a sport for everyone. You
a. Secondly, English is also a key that opens doors to scientific won't have to complain about being bored.
and technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic b. Many children are getting obese and the way we live is making
and political development of many countries in the world. it worse. So, how can we help? The best way is to get children
b. From the facts above, it is obvious that everybody needs to of all ages to play sport.
learn English to face the global era. c. Also, playing a team sport is great for children because they
c. I personally think that English is the most important language can make lots of new friends and they can learn how to work
in the world. Why do I say that? together in a team and cooperate with each other. Children,
d. Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. who are not interested in playing sports, don't have a chance
Applicants who master active or passive English are more for having fun and friendship.
favorable than those who do not. d. It is obvious that all children should play sports. It helps them
e. Firstly, English is an international language. It IS spoken by to make new friends, keep healthy, and learn how to work with
many people all around the world, either as a first or second others. Playing a sport is fun and exciting and it is much better
language. than being bored at home.
e. Being active by playing sports is going to keep children strong,
(Source: http://typeoftext.blogspot.co.id/2009/01/analytical- fit, and healthy. Growing children need lots of daily exercise
exposition.html)
and the best way to do this is to play sports.
5. After arranging the previous texts (exercisenumber 4), read them again. Ruben : I (a) _____ (use) Rewired. I hardly ever get dropped long distance
Then, answer the following questions. calls in the US and Canada (b) ______ (be) free. Plus, I can choose
Text 1 four friends to talk with each month as long as I like.
a. What is the main topic of text 1 ? Eva : Really? (c) _____ (you get) unlimited minutes with four people?
b. What kind of arguments does the writer present to support his/her How much (d) _____ (you pay) each month?
opinion? Ruben : I (e) _____ (pay) a flat fee of $70 for up to 700 minutes, but you
c. How many arguments does the writer present? can choose pay-as-you-go plans too. I really (f) _____ (like)
d. Mention all the arguments that the writer presents. Rewired. You should check it out.
e. How does the writer end the text? Dialog 2
Text 2 Shop assistant : All of our diamonds (a) _____ (be) the highest quality, sir.
a. What is the text about? Our manager (b) _____ (hand-pick) them himself. Your
b. How does the writer restate his/her position? wife will surely love them!
c. Does the writer list the reasons, facts, examples, or statistics to support Mr. Harisson : They all (c) _____ (look) pretty, but I (d) _____ (not be)
his/her position? sure which kind of ring she'll like. There (e) _____ (be) so
d. Mention two of them. many to choose from!
e. How does the writer end the text? Shop assistant : Might I suggest shopping by price range, then. If you (f)
_____ (tell) me your budget, I can suggest a smaller range
GRAMMAR of options, and I'm sure you'll find something to your liking.
1. Complete the dialogs with the correct Simple Present Tense forms. Also, we (g) _____ (offer) a full money-back guarantee, so
Dialog 1 if your wife (h)_____ (not like) it or (i) _____ (want) to
Eva : Oh, no. The phone company disconnect my call again, right in the exchange, it's no problem.
middle of the conversation! I'm fed up with Z-Mobile! Mr. Harisson : Oh OK, that (j) _____ (sound) let's see. I was hoping to
spend no more than $400, though I might be willing to go a
little higher if I find a ring that really looks good.
 Dialog 3
Rudi : Hi Beth. Have you decided what seminars to take-at the training
sessions next week?
Beth : I've still got a lot of work to catch up on. Honestly, I (a) _____
(not see) how I'll be able to squeeze it in.
Rudi : You (b) _____ (know) it's mandatory for all staff members, right?
Why (c) _____ (you not sign up) for an evening or weekend
session if that (d) _____ (work) better for you?
Beth : I guess I'll have to. I (e) _____ (have) a lot of meetings with
clients on weekdays.
2. Put the verbs into the correct Simple Present Tense forms.
Why Exercise Is Important
The majority of us (a) ______ (claim) that we (b) ______ (not have) time
for exercise. We (c) ______ (feel) too busy to do that. However, many experts
said that exercise (d) ______ (have) a great role to keep us healthy.
Being physically active (e) ______ (offer) many
advantages. Exercise can reduce weight; then our body will become fitter.
Exercise is also believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and
reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes and some forms of cancer. Beside
physical advantages, exercise also (f) ______ (bring) good effects mentally.
Due to the fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we
can increase our life quality and expectancy.
How can we do exercise while we are busy? Actually, exercise can be done
in simple ways. We can (g) ______ (go) walking while shopping. In the office
we can (h) ______ (take) stairs rather than lifts to run up and down. Or we can
(i) ______(go) cycling while enjoying our leisure time. Over all, doing
exercise (j) (be) a little bit difficult with busy life but it will help you health
better.
3. Put the verbs into the correct active or passive forms.
a. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth.
Forty percent of the world's oxygen (produce) ______ there.
b. In my country, certain prices, such as the price of medical supplies,
(control) ______ by the government. Other prices (determine) ______ by
how much consumers are willing to pay for a product.
c. Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose) ______ to extreme cold. It
most frequently (affect) ______ the skin of the cheeks, chin, ears, fingers,
nose, and toes.
d. The sun is just one of billions of stars in the universe. As it travels through
space, it (circle) ______ by many other celestial bodies. The nine known
planets (hold) ______ in orbit by the sun's gravitational field. The planets,
in turn, (circle) ______ by their own satellites, or moons.
4. Rewrite the sentences using Conditional Type 2 forms.
a. I can’t drive. That’s why we can’t take the car
b. Those people speak very quickly. Perhaps that’s why I can’t understand
them
c. I'm so slow when washing my clothes because I don't have a washing
machine.
d. We don't have any matches, therefore we can't light a fire.
e. She is very shy; that's why she doesn't enjoy parties.
f. I can't get through the bathroom window because I'm fat.
g. He doesn't work overtime, so he doesn't earn as much as I do.
h. I live a long way from school. That's why I am nearly late for school.
i. The price of vegetables is rising, that makes life difficult. UNIT 5
j. People drive very fast. That's why there are so many accidents.
What is It Made of ?

OVERVIEW
EXPRESSIONS
Passive Forms
a. Definition
Passive form is a construction of text which object is usually put in the front.
Examples:
 Flat glass is used in windows.
 Seattle is positioned between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains.
 Insects are considered dangerous animals
 Tsunami is caused by an earthquake affecting the seabed.

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
We use passive sentences (usually called as passive voice) when it is not
important who or what does the action.
The formula:
Be + Verb with/ Past Participle
Be can be in any of its forms : am, is, are, was, were, has been, hav been, will be,
must be.
Examples : h. Tomatoes should be____________ in the spring.
 am given i. These reports must____________ by Mrs.Hook.
 is made j. The flat tire was ____________ by Dino.
 are played 2. Change the following sentences or questions into passive forms.

 I was built a. The Government collects taxes.

 were helped b. Authors write books.

 has been turned off c. People have worn perfume since ancient times.
d. They will complete the new highway this year.

FUNCTION – Learning Passive pattern e. We are improving a new technique in dealing with air pollution.

1. Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs in the correct f. They will restrict train services on Sunday because of engineering works.

passive forms. g. If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the

clean sign negative.

invite surround h. You must write your application letter using ink, not pencil.

examine change i. We haven't used renewable energy here

plant speak j. No one should wash wool sweaters in hot water.

fix invent k. We couldn't use the language lab yesterday because someone was fixing
the equipment.
l. Don't postpone things you need to do. We should not do important work In
a. I ____________ to dinner by Mr. Harris.
the last minute
b. The telephone ____________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
m. Do scientists do experiments?
c. An island ____________ by water.
n. Are the workers demolishing the apartment?
d. Our hotel room will ____________ soon.
o. Has the director signed the contracts?
e. The leaky faucet is going to ____________ by a plumber.
p. Can Mr. Jones translate the letter into German?
f. The sick child ____________ by a doctor.
q. Are they going to feed the baby?
g. Spanish ____________ by a large number of people.
 r. Have they sold their house?
s. How did he develop the solution to the problem?
t. Why is Peter painting the fence today?
3. Change all the sentences in the paragraphs into passive forms.
a. People have used ink for writing and drawing throughout history. No one
knows when people developed the first ink. The ancient Egyptians and
Chinese made ink from various natural substances, such as berries, soot,
and tree bark. Through the centuries, people have developed thousands of
different formulas for ink. People make most ink today from synthetic
chemicals.
b. The main writing material of ancient times was papyrus. People used it in
Egypt, Greece , and other Mediterranean lands. They made parchment,
another writing material that they widely used in ancient times, from
animal skin such as sheep and goats. After they removed the hair, they
stretched and rubbed the smooth skins so that they could write on them.
The Chinese Invented paper, the main writing material today.
c. The sun is just one of billions stars in the universe. As the sun travels
through space, many other celestial bodies circle it. The sun's gravitational
field holds the eight known planets in orbit. The planets' own satellites or
moons, In turn, circle the planets.
4. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct passive forms.
a. To recycle glass, consumers throw glass into a recycle bin. Glass (take)
___________ from the bin and (move) ___________to a glass treatment
plant. The glass is (sort) ___________ by color and (wash). ___________
to remove any impurities. The glass is then (crush) ___________and
(melt) ___________ then (mold) ___________ into new products such as
bottles and jars.
b. To make paper from trees, raw wood must first (turn) ___________into
"pulp." Wood pulp is a watery "soup" of cellulose wood fibers, lignin,
water, and the chemicals used during the pulping process. Wood can (turn)
___________ to pulp in a couple of different ways.
c. Plastics (make) ___________ from oil. Oil is a carbon-rich raw material,
and plastics are large carbon-containing compounds. They're large
molecules called polymers, which (compose) ___________of repeating
units of shorter carbon containing compounds called monomers.
GRAMMAR
1. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct forms: active or
passive.
How Mirrors are Made?
a. The first step in manufacturing any mirror is cutting the outline of the
glass "blank" to suit the application. If the mirror (be) ___________ for
an automobile, for example, the glass will be cut out to fit in the mirror
mou "t on the car. Very hard, finely pointed blades (use) ___________
to do the cutting. Diamond scribes or saws, sharp metal points with
diamond dust embedded in them, are often used because the diamond,
will wear down the glass. Cutting (be) ___________ usually (do)
___________ before the metal coating (apply) ___________ because the
 coating may flake off the glass as a result of the cut. An alternative for e. Finally, when the proper coatings have been applied, the finished mirror
cutting the glass to form blanks (be) ___________ to mold the glass ir, (mount) ___________ in a base or packed carefully in a shock resistant
its molten state. package for shipping.
b. Blanks are then placed in optical grinding machines. The blank-filled Adapted from: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-UMkrdr.html

base (place) ___________ against another metal plate with the desired 2. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct forms: active or
surface shape: flat, convex, or concave. A grinding compound, a gritty passive.
liquid, (spread) ___________ over the glass blanks as they (rub) a. A : Should I send the memos now?

___________ or rolled against the curved surface. Finer and finer grits B : No, that's OK, they (be) ______ already (send) ______ them.

are used until the surface is very smooth and even. A : I (want) ______ to help. Should I fix the printers?

c. When the glass surfaces are shaped appropriately and polished to a B : No, don't worry. They're already (fix) ______

smooth finish, they (coat) ___________ with whatever reflective A : At least let me help you rearrange the books on the shelf.

material the designer has chosen. Regardless of the coating material, it B : No problem. They have already (rearrange) ______them.

(apply) ___________ in an apparatus called an evaporator. The method b. A : Have you wrapped Mr. Hasan's farewell presents?

of coating (create) ___________ very uniform and highly reflective B : Yes, it (be) ______ already (wrap) ______

surfaces. A : You (not forget) ______ order lunch boxes, did you?

d. Several evaporation steps are then combined to make a'multiple-layer B : I (order) ______ them from Sun catering two days ago.

coating. Clear dielectric materials may (evaporate) ___________ on top A : Has the meeting room been decorated yet?

of metal or other dielectrics to change the reflective or mechanical B : Of course it's already (decorate) ______ and all the invitations

properties of a surface. Mirrors with silvering on the back of the glass, have (send) ______

for instance, often (have) ___________ an opaque dielectric layer c. A : How (be) ______ the patients now?

applied to improve the reflectivity and keep the metal from scratching. B : There haven't been any problems, Doctor.

One-way mirrors (be) ___________ the exception to this procedure, in A : Has Mr. Nelson's blood pressure been (take) ______?

which case great care must be taken not to damage the thin metal B : Yes, It has and it (be) ______ lower than yesterday.

coating. A : Has Mrs. Nia been given her medicine?

 B : Yes, and she'll (give) ______ her second dose in an hour. UNIT 6
d. A : Has Diana been told about her sales presentation?
Sincerely
B : Yes, I (explain) ______ it all to her yesterday.
A : Is she ready with her presentation file?
OVERVIEW
B : The last parts (type) ______ now (send) ______ to my email
EXPRESSIONS
address once done.
Personal Letters
A : Make sure it is good. The session (open) ______ by the director
A personal letter is a type of letter which conveys personal messages between
tomorrow.
two or more close families, friends, or relatives. Personal letters usually use the
e. A : Can we leave soon? It's (be) ______ a long day.
following words:
B : Yes, all the beds have been made.
 Dear,
A : Has the laundry been put away yet?
B : Yes, and all the dishes (do) ______  Best wishes,

A : But the garbage (take) ______ out yet?  We have lost contact for too long.

B : Oh, no. The garbage (not take) ______ out yet. I'll do it right  It's been a long time since we last met.

away.  Give my regards to your sister.

 I look forward to hearing from you soon.
 Let me know as soon as possible.
 Hope to hear from you soon.
A. Personal ietters, also known as friendly letter and social notes, normally
have five parts.
1. The heading
This includes the address, line by line, with the last line being the date.
Skip a line after the heading.The heading Is indented to the middle of the
page. If using preaddressed stationery, add just the date.
2. The greeting
The greeting always ends with a comma. The greeting may be formal,
beginning with the word "dear" and using the person's given name or
relationship, or it may be informal if appropriate.
3. The body
Also known as the main text or the content. This part includes the message
that you want to write. Normally in a friendly letter, the beginning of
paragraphs is indented. If not indented, be sure to skip a space between
paragraphs. Skip a line after the greeting and before the close.
4. The complimentary close
This short expression is always a few words on a single line. It ends in a
comma. It should be indented to the same column as the heading. Skip one
to three spaces (two is usual) for the signature line.
5. The signature line
Type or print your name. The handwritten signature goes above this line
and below the close.The signature line and the handwritten signature are
indented to the same column as the close. The signature should be written
in blue or black Ink. If the letter is quite informal, you may omit the
signature line as long as you sign the letter.
C. Are there different types of personal letters?
6. Postscript
If your letter contains a postscript, begin it with P.S. and end It with your
initials. Skip a line after the signature line to begin the postscript.
B. What can I write about in a personal letter?
Personal letters can be written conversationally. They can be about
whatever you wish. There are no rules for what you can and cannot talk
about, although you should always be kind. Here are some suggestions that
you might find helpful:
 Updates about school, hobbies or your sports team.
 News about friends, family or your pets.
 What has been happening in your street, town or city.
 Holidays, birthdays, school camps, achievements, anything you think is
special or exciting and would like to share.
 A funny joke you have heard, a good movie you have seen, a fun game
you played, or your favorite song, are all great things to write about.
 Anything new. A good idea is to think about the last time you saw the
person you are writing to. This will make it easier for you to tell them
about new things that have happened since the last time you saw them.
 Remember to ask the perscr, you are writing to about what they have been
doing and what has been happening in their life.
There are many different types of personal letters. Here are a few that you
might have heard of:
 Pen pal
A pen pal is someone vou communicate with by sending letters regularly.
 Fan mail
You write fan mail to someone you idoiize or admire. You might choose
to write to a famous actor, rock star, author, or sports hero.
 Love
You can write a love letter to someone whom you love or care about. In
this letter, you express feelings of affection and romance.
 Farewell
In a farewell letter, you would say goodbye and good luck to someone
who is moving interstate or overseas, or changing schools.
 Get well
You send a get well letter to wish someone a speedy recovery from his/her
illness.
 Condolence
In a condolence letter, you show sympathy, usually for the death of
someone close to the recipient. You might wish them strength through
their grief, say you are sorry for their loss, or share fond memories of the
person they have lost.
 Congratulations
You would send this letter to congratulate someone on a birth, wedding,
achievement, or award.
thoughtful gift, or did you a favor. This is less formal than an appreciation
letter. This type of letter would be sent to a friend or family member.
 Holiday / Celebration
Your holiday letter could celebrate a birthday, Christmas, New Year, or
any other special event.
Notes
 Make sure that your spelling is correct and there are no grammatical
errors. Proofread your letter before you send it.
 If you know your handwriting is a bit on the messy side, you can print out
an address label to stick on your envelope, or ask an adult or friend with
heat handwriting to write the address for you
ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses
Do you still remember the use of Simple Present, Simple Past, and Present Perfect
Tenses?
1. Simple Present Tense is used to express:
a. present feelings and senses.
Examples:
- That is nice of you to send me the card.

 Thank you - You always look fabulous.

When you write a thank you letter, you are showing your appreciation to b. habitual actions

someone. Perhaps they invited you to their birthday party, gave you a Examples:
- We go to holiday resorts once a year.
 - The group gives donations to the charity. - Did I leave a pair of jeans behind in my bedroom?
c. general truth Examples: 3. Present Perfect Tense is used to describe something that happened at a
- I come from Bali. non-specific time in the past.
- My sister studies at Nusantara Vocational School. Examples:
Letters s or es are used if the subjects are singular (he/ she/ it). - We have lost contact for too long.
Examples: - It's been a long time since we last met.
- Red looks good on you. Past Perfect Tense uses the auxiliary verbs have or has, followed by the past
- Rudi confirms that her sister is ill. participle form of the verbs. The negative is formed by adding the word not
The negative and interrogative forms are with auxiliary verbs do or does. after the auxiliary verbs have or has. The interrogative uses auxiliary verbs
Examples: have or has as well.
- She doesn't speak Indonesian. Examples:
- Why do you support this cause? - She hasn't informed us about the charity event.
2. Simple Past is used to describe something that happened at a specific - Have you decided to give the party a Balinese theme?
time in the past.
Examples:
- I saw Elsa and her brother Rudi in the grocery store yesterday.
- While I was making one of my favorite recipes toaay, crispy fried chicken,
i was reminded of who the original creator of this marvelous recipe was.
Remember to use verbs with past forms, either the regular or irregular ones.
The negative and interrogative forms are used with the auxiliary verb did.
Examples:
- They watched our performance last Saturday.
- I completely forgot your birthday. We did not know that you father passed
away last week.
PRACTICE 2. Arrange the jumbled sentences and phrases into a meaningful personal
FUNCTION - Understanding parts of the letter letter.
1. Identify the parts of the following letter. a. Tania

b. Love,

c. Hello Bagas,

d. Please inbox me when the package is there. I look forward to hearing

good news from you.

e. July 20th, 2017

f. We'd like to send some jackets and s< for the children in your town.
I've already I asked my Facebook friends to dc some money to help
Bangladeshi chil too. I hope those donations can help the cute
children.

g. Graha Asri V No. 67

Jakarta
Signature ( ) Date ( )
Body ( ) Postscript ( )
Complimentary close ( ) Address ( )
Greeting ( )
 h. Thank you for your letter of June 11". I am very pleased to read that
you and , family are fine in spite of the big flood sweeping your
town. My heart goes to the fifteen victims of the flood. May they rest
in peace.
3. Rearrange the following jumbled statements and phrases into two
meaningful personal letters.
Letter 1
The people here are very nice and friendly. I like that. However I am not
accustomed to the food yet. I hope to become accustomed soon. I miss
you, Mother, and Father. Please write me when you can. Greetings for
everybody there.
Hi! How are you doing? I hope you and your family are fine. I am writing
this letter for you In my apartment. I want to tell you about my activities
in the last few days. I get up at 6 a.m. every day. My Korean classes begin
at 8.15 a.m., and they finish at 2.30 p.m. I feel so happy because I am
learning a lot of Korean. My teachers are nice and very friendly. My
listening and speaking teacher is Korean. She is from Seoul. I am very
proud of her because she is a great teacher.
August 20th, 2017
Last weekend I went to the Infinite concert in Seoul. I met with my
friends Soo Hyeon, Jo Seong and Dong Kook there. Soo Hyepnsends you
greetings. Wo really enjoyed the concert. It, was terrific. On Saturday, we
went to the banks of the Han River and cycled all morning. It was very
exciting. On Sunday, we went to Gyeongbok Palace in northern Seoul.
There I saw some different rooms and a beautiful large garden with a lake
and its small island In the afternoon I came back to my apartment
Big love for a lovely sister,
Romeo
Dear sister,
Letter 2
Love,
Andrea
My apartment is on University Ave. You xan ride bus 15 to Provo and
then you can see a big signboard for Denny's. The next block is
University Ave. My apartment number is 148, you can find it very easyly.
If you have any questions, you can call me at 370-2123. i hope you have a
good day. Good Luck with your studies, Lala!
May 10th, 2017
 How are you today? Is everything alright? I am writing this letter because
I don't know your phone number. I'm very well here, the weather is very
cold as it's snowing. Next week, my friends and I will go skiing. Do you
want to go skiing with us? If you want to, please let me know. We've
decided to gather at my apartment, so I'll give you my apartment's map.
Dear Lala,
4. Read the letter and then answer the questions.
Dear Elliana,
I just wanted to say 'Happy Birthday' to my little princess. I know, everything
is princess for you right now. Pink room, pink shoes, and little pink dresses.
I love the way you twirl to show off your new Sofia first dress. It's your
birthday, and I just wanted you to know that you'll always be my little
princess. The time will go fast for us and It is my prayer that you'll be as
happy as I am when you get older.
There will be times when you stumble and fail. Ii happens to everybody. But
remember, I'll always be there, ready to help you find your way again when
you need a guiding hand.
I pray that you will someday find someone who makes you truly happy and
makes you never stop laughing.
I hope you will always be p.oud of your accomplishments, just like the
watercolor painting of the bird you made yesterday. Of course, it's the most
beautiful bird I've ever seen.
I want you to always be proud of your blessing and never forget to realize
how blessed you really are, just like last night when we watched you blow
out your birthday candles.
Please remember that it's not important to be super-popular. It's not necessary
to be liked by everyone. Please know that you're enough.
When hardships come your way, lean on God like your life depends on it. It
really does.
I hope you remember that every night when I tuck you into your bed and say
"I love you", it's because I really mean it and always will.
I hope you always remember that real beauty is not In make-up, the latest
fashions, end accessories. It's within you.
I hope you always remember that you are worth waiting for and to never give GRAMMAR
into pressure, even if everyone else is doing it. 1. Put the verbs into the correct Simple Present forms.
Dear Dr. Mario,
You are one of the most amazing gifts to me. I will always be your incredibly I'd like to thank you for talking with me about the research assistant
proud and ever grateful father. I love you, Ellie. position in your seismology lab. I truly (a) _____ (appreaciate) your
words in telling me about the job.
Love, I (b) _____ (be) eager to bring my passion for seismology to the
Father research assistant position, and I am convinced that the knowledge and
(Source: kikn.com/letter-to-my-daughter-on-her~birthday) experience I've already cultivated make me the best researcher for the
job.
Questions: I very much (c) _____ (look) forward to hearing your decision soon.
a. Who wrote the letter? , Please feel free to contact me if you need more information about my
b. To whom is the letter sent? qualifications. Thank you again for the exhilarating interview.
c. Why did he write the letter? Sincerely,
d. What does he hope? Robert Zayn
e. What advice does he give?

2. Put the verbs into the correct Simple past forms.

Dear Mitha,
How was your holiday? I (a) _____ (spend) my holiday at my grandmother's
house. We (b) _____ (arrive) early in the morning. A couple of hours later
we (c) _____ (go) to the nearby beach. When we (d) _____ (come) home,
my dad (e) _____ (cook) some delicious food. We (f) _____ (spend) the
next three days swimming and surfing. In the evening, we usually (g) _____
(sit) together talking and singing. It (h) _____ (rain) in the evening, so we (i)
 _____ (notgo) out much. We (j) _____ (go) to bed earlier so that we could ENRICHMENT
wake up earlier as well. Hope to hear from you soon. LISTENING
Love, Questions - Responses
Sarah You will hear a question or statement spoken in English. You will hear the
3. Put the verbs into the correct Present Perfect forms. question or the statement TWICE. In your test book, you will read three
Dear Gerry Kang, responses. You are to choose the best response to each question or statement.
I know your time with Global Telecom is growing short, so I wanted to take 1. A. I'm not sure whether I'll go.
this oooortunitv to bid vou a fond farewell. Your employment here at Global B. Yes, let's go together.
Telecom (a) _____ (be) productive, particularly with the TELUS C. I love this rainy day.
Consultancy Project. The project (b) _____ (run). The workers (c) _____ 2. A. Yes, I'm tired of driving all the time.
(understand) the SOP and (d) _____ (do) their tasks properly. B. The buses are all working.
Our prospective clients (e) _____ responses. I appreciate your efforts over C. Let's take a walk in the rain.
these two years and I know the company has lost a valuable asset. I wish you 3. A. Yes, I miss him very much.
nothing but luck in your future endeavors, and I hope you will continue to B. Yes, he had a doctor's appointment.
stay in touch to let us know where you land next. C. Yes, it was happening yesterday.
Sincerely, 4. A. No, but I'll call the airline now.
Robert Wong B. Yes, I found it on the desk.
C. I'll get it in a light color.
5. A. Yes, though not at this location.
B. Not that I know of.
C. No, I don't have it.
6. A. I've run out of staples and paper.
B. Yes, they should arrive tomorrow.
C. No, I had to pay for them on my own.
7. A. No, it wasn't a staff meeting. 12. What does the man always get?
B. Yes, he gave everyone a present. A. Time zone
C. No, he didn't attend. B. New phone numbers.
8. A. Do you want to eat somewhere else? C. Busy signal.
B. I always have the same thing for lunch. D. An hour glass.
C. I used to skip my lunch, didn't I? 13. What are the speakers doing?
9. A. He’s a doctor A. Getting on the bus.
B. He’s leaving early B. Waiting for a bus.
C. He lives in a nice neighborhood C. Taking a taxi.
10. A. It’s on my desk D. Paying a fare.
B. He turned the report in yesterday 14. How often do the buses come?
C. I’m going to type a letter A. In fifteen minutes.
Short Conversations B. Every twenty minutes.
In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the C. Five minutes more.
conversations TWICE. The conversations will not be printed In your test book, so D. Once in twelve minutes.
you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say. In your test book, 15. When did the woman visit her uncle?
yon • /ill read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed A. A long time ago.
by four answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it B. I ast week.
on your answer sheet. C. Yesterday.
11. How often has the man tried to call? D. This morning.
A. Once. 16. How long has her uncle been hospitalized?
B. One more time. A. Since last night.
C. Every five minutes. B. Since last week.
D. Every hour. C. For a long time.
 D. For seven days. Incomplete Letters
17. What is the man looking for ? In this part of the test, you will hear several incomplete letters spoken in English.
A. His books You will hear them TWICE. In your test paper, you will read the incomplete
B. The woman’s office letters, marked by blanks. You have to choose the best answer A, B, C or D to
C. The classroom complete the letters and mark it on your answer sheet. ~
D. A desk Letter 1
18. Where did the man try to find his missing things? Your (21) _______ told me that you took a big tumble on your bike yesterday and
A. Here and there. (22) _______ yourself. I'm sorry that you are not feeling well. I'm glad you were
B. At the woman's office. wearing your helmet so you're net really hurt much. I'm going to remind everyone
C. On the bookshelf. I 23) _______to always wear a helmet. I brought you some new bicycle (24)
D. Nowhere. _______ to match your bike when you are ready to ride on it. Remember to do
19. Who is giving advice? just what the doctor (25) _______ and you'll be riding around again in no time!
A. A doctor. 21. A. brother
B. A waiter. B. sister
C. An exercise coach. C. father
D. An athlete. D. mother
20. What does the man advise the woman to do? 22. A. hurt
A. To eat more and exercise less. B. dirt
B. To eat less and exercise more. C. hut
C. To eat more and exercise more. D. girt
D. To eat less and exercise less. 23. A. now
B. saw
C. know
D. show
24. A. Shoves 28. A. quick
B. gloves B. quiet
C. doves C. quit
D. loves D. quite
25. A. ways 29. A. seat
B. says B. assert
C. place C. search
D. trace D. offer
Letter 2 30. A. matters
Congratulations on (26) _______you degree! I have heard that the (27) _______ B. potters
is one of the.toughest at the University and I am (28) _______ impressed with you C. fosters
for sticking with it. Your commitment to using your training to improve urban life D. others
is commendable. Don't lose your vision! Letter 3
Please let me know when you begin your job (29) _______. Although I can't offer Your letter (31) _______ me that will ressive the Community Servic accept
you a job, I have connections with several (30) _______ who may be interested. thisaward.Asj I will (32) _______ at the May 2nd, at 8 p.m. I will prepa of me for
Good luck in beginning your new career! your introductior to you within the week. 1 would also like to cdme (34) _______
26. A. receiving with handouts to encourage other. Springfield residents to get involved. Once
B. completing again, I am (35) _______ honored bythis recognition and am looking forward to
C. achieving this event.
D. deleting 31. A. explaining
27. A. physician B. informed
B. physicist C. concluding
C. physics D. enclosing
D. physical
32. A. present I am looking forward to hearing about your recovery in the coming days and
B. absent visiting you as you start feeling better. Let me know how I can help you while
C. descent you are getting better.
D. accent Sincerely,
33. A. mail Nirwa'na
B. email 36. What is the relationship between the sender and the addressee?
C. airmail A. A surgeon and a patient.
D. blackmail B. A visitor and a host.
34. A. preserved C. Friends.
B. prescribed D. Doctors.
C. prepaid 37. Which one is NOT Nirvvana's hopes?
D. prepared A. The surgery Is accomplished.
35. A. similarly B. Andhita's recovery is fast.
B. skillfully C. Nirwana can visit Andhita.
C. sincerely D. Nirwana knows how to help Andhita.
D. seriously 38. What do the words 'you' in paragraph 1, 2, 3, and 4 refer to?
READING A. Andhita.
Read the following texts and then choose the best answer: A, B, C or D. B. Nirwana.
Letter 1 C. The surgeon.
Dear Andhita, D. Anyone.
I know that you are having surgery soon. I will be praying that the surgeon's 39. What does Nirwana offer?
hands are guided to accomplish the precise procedure they need to do. A. A special prayer.
B. A good surgeon.
C. A full recovery.
 D. Generous help. D. Congratulations.
Letter 2 41. What is the relationship between Rudi Hartono and Dimas?
Dear Rudi Hartono, A. An athlete and a fan.
Hello! I'm a fourteen-year-old boy from Surabaya. I am a very big fan of B. A father and his boy.
yours. I hope that you and your family are doing well. It's been really hot these C. Family members.
days and I think it's better if we all stayed inside. D. Quarterbacks.
It's too bad that the last season, your team did not go to the FIFA Word Cup 42. What Is Rudi Hartono's occupation?
Indonesia U-19.1 hope that you will have a good season and win many games. I A. A teenager counselor.
plan to wear my special lucky jersey when football season starts. I wish I could B. A game designer.
send It to you for you to sign, but my friends said that you might forget about it. C. A football player.
They said that you will get a ton of letters from people all over Indonesia and D. A letter writer.
don't have the time to write them back. 43. What does Dimas enclose in his letter?
I wish you the best of luck. I know you are the best striker in the A. A striker and a player.
championship. I hope that when you read my letter, it will make you happy to B. A small card and an envelope.
think about Surabaya. C. His special lucky jersey.
I'm sending a small card for you to sign and an envelope with my address for D. A ton of fan letters.
when you send it back. I hope you write back, but if not, it's okay. I'm just happy Letter 3
you got to read my letter. Hello Shinta,
Sincerely, My name is Regina and I found your name and email address at Kids Pen
Dimas Pals from The Youth Online Club. I am from Canada ana I am very interested in
40. What kind of letter is this? becoming your pen pal.
A. Pen pal. I am 15 years old and in grade 9. My favorite subject is science. I have been
B. Fan mail. listening to K-Pop a lot lately. I am a big fan of super hero action movies and my
C. Condolence. favorite movie is Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Have you ever seen that movie?
 I belong to the Girl Guides and enjoy camping. I see that you are a Girl C. “Are you enjoying being a Girl Guide?”
Guide too. Are you enjoying being a Girl Guide? Does your troop camp a lot? I D. “I am looking forward to hearing from you and becoming friends”
am looking forward to hearing from you and becoming friends. Letter 4
Dear Yola,
Your new friend, I just learned of the four-year scholarship you received from Doe
Regina University. Congratulations!
44. What kind of letter is this? Your grandmother and I have watched you struggle by balancing your part-
A. Pen pal. time job and your studies and have triumphed With you as you maintained that
B. Thank you 3.9 grade point average. We know you will enjoy your advanced studies. We're so
C. Fan mail proud!
D. Love letter. Please accept this gift with our best w!shes for your bright future.
45. Which topic is NOT written about in this letter? Love,
A. School. Grandpa
B. Hobbies. 48. What is the purpose of the letter?
C. Groups. A. To offer a scholarship.
D. Religion. B. To congratulate someone.
46. What do the words T in Paragraph 1, 2, and 3 refer to? C. To accept a part-time job.
A. Shinta. D. To give a gift and wishes.
B. Regina. 49. Which one is NOT the nrandfather's reason to be proud of his granddaughter?
C. The K-Pop singer. A. Because of his granddaughter's job.
D. The Girl Guide. B. Because of her good grade point average
47. Which part of the letter means 'lam expecting your reply'? C. Because of his granddaughter's bright future.
A. "I am very interested in becoming your pen pal...." D. Because of the prospect of advanced studies.
B. “...at Kids Pen Pals from The Youth Online Club
50. How long is Yola's scholarship? 52. What is the purpose of the letter?
A. One year. A. To inform something.
B. Two years. B. To praise someone.
C. Three years. C. To thank someone.
D. Four years. D. To endorse something.
51. What does Yola's grandfather send? 53. What does the word gratifying in paragraph mean?
A. A letter and a gift. A. Annoying.
B. A gift and a wish. B. Pleasing.
C. A gift and a letter. C. Interesting.
D. A wish and a letter. D. Terrifying
Letter 5 54. What can be concluded about Dhita Sastrowardoyo?
Dear Ms. Nia Dinata, A. She campaigns for taxes.
I personally wanted to let you know how gratifying it was to receive your B. She is familiar with Ms. Dinata.
kind note of support and encouragement. Coming as it did from someone all too C. She is just a member.
familiar with just how taxing a campaign can be, it meant all the more to me. D. She is a fundraiser.
I have taken the liberty of sharing your kind words with the other members of 55. What does Dhita hope?
our fundraising committee, the real movers and shakers in this enormous effort. A. A tax consultant.
Your words were visibly heartening to them. They, as much as i, deeply B. A future collaboration.
appreciate your endorsement and promise of future assistance. C. A product endorsement.
Again, please accept my sincere thanks. I look forward to future collaboration D. A fundraising committee.
with you.
Sincerely,
Dhita Sastrowardoyo