Unit 1

You Should Wear a Helmet

Advice and Offering

Asking for Advice Phrases Phrases for Giving Advice
 What do you think 1 should do?  I think you should get...
 What do you suggest?  Maybe you should . . .
 What would you do (in this situation)?  Why don't you . . .
 What would you do if you were me?  If I were you, I would ...
 Make sure that...
 I don't think you should ...
 You ought to ...
 You ought not. . .
 If I were in your position, I would ..
 If I were in your shoes, I would..
 You had better...
 Whatever you do .. .

Making an Offer
Formal Informal
 Do you need ...  How about some ...?
 Would you like ...  What about some . . .?
 Shall 1 ... (for you)?  What do you say about some . . .?
 Would you like me to ...?  Are you up for some ...?
 I'll ... if you like.
 Can 1 get you some ...?
 Would you like some ...?
 May 1 offer you some . ..?
 Would you like me to get you some .

Responses to Offer
Accepting Offers Resusing Offers
 Thank you. I’d like to  That's very kind. Unfortunately, I . .
 Yes, please  I'd like to, but.. .
 Yes, that’s kind of you  No, thank you.
 That sounds great ! (less formal)  I'm fine, thank you.
 Please (less formal)
 You bet ! (less formal)

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Modal Auxiliary
Modal auxiliaries in English are can, could, had better, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will,
and would.

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 Modal auxiliaries generally express a speaker's attitudes or moods. For examples, modals can express that a
speaker feels something is necessary, advisable, permissible, or possible.
The modals should, ought to, had better, would, will, shall, may, and can are used to give advice and
make offers.
a. Should, Ought to, Had better
Should and ought to have the same meaning: they express advisability. The meaning ranges in
strength from a suggestion to a statement about responsibility. In meaning, had better is close to should
and ought to, but had better is usually stronger. It often imolies a warning or a threat of possible bad
consequences.
1) Should
If you should do something, it is the best thing for you to do it because it is either good for you or
it will help you.
Examples:
- I should give up smoking.
- You should go to bed early if you're feeling tired.
2) Should not/shouldn't
Should not is used when it is the best thing for you to avoid something because it is bad for you.
Examples:
- They shouldn't worry so much. Everything will be all right.
- They shouldn't come late.

Don't say you should to go. Say you should go.

Should is followed by an infinitive without to.

3) Ought to
Use this modal to say that you think someone should do something because it is good for them or
will help them.
Examples:
- The doctor told Dan he ought to exercise more.
- You ought to ask Eric. I'm sure he'd help.

Ought to is less common than should in written and

spoken English.

4) Ought not/oughtn't
Ought not is used when you think it is best for someone not to do something.
Examples:
- She oughtn't drive if she's been drinking.
- He oughtn't bully the new student.
5) Had better (especially in spoken language)

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 Use this modal to say that you think someone should do something because it is sensible or it will
help them avoid problems.
Examples:
- You'd better ask your teacher for advice.
- It was starting to snow and we thought we had better go home.

Don't say you better go home or you'd better to go home. Say you'd better go home.

b. Will, Shall, Would

Both will and shall are generally used to express future tense.
1) Will
This is the most common way of expressing future time. When we speak English, we often use
contractions or short forms. The short form of will is 'II and the short form of will not is won't. You
usually use these in spoken English instead of will or will not. The main verb can be either in its simple
form or in its progressive form.
Examples:
- I will talk to them.
- We'll have a break at six o'clock. He'll be arriving later.
- Don't worry, I won't break it.

Don't say I will to talk to them. Say I will talk. Will is followed by an infinitive without to.

You can also use will to give your opinion about something in sentences that begin with I'm sure, I
think, I expect, I suppose, I doubt, etc., or with words such as probably, perhaps, certainly, etc.
Examples:
- "Do you think Carta will pass her test?" "Yes, I'm sure she will."
- I'll see him again soon.
- They say it'll probably snow tomorrow.
- Perhaps things will be better next week.
2) Shall
In British English, you often use shall in questions when making suggestions about what to do, or when
discussing what to do.
Examples:
- Shall we go now?
- What shall i tell Mike?
In formal British English, you can sometimes hear I shall used to express future time.
Examples:
- I shall try to persuade them.

This is very rare in American English.

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 If you want to say that you intend to do something, use will or shall. You can emphasize the meaning of
intention if you say the modal louder than the surrounding words.
Shall is only used with the first person (I or we), and is much less common than will. It is hardly ever
used in American English.
Examples:
- This letter says they will definitely give us our money back.
- I shan't (shall not) stay long.
3) Would
To express an intention at a time in the past, use would.
Example:
- I tried to explain, but nobody would listen.
Use would if there are conditions controlling whether something will take place.
Example:
- I would leave tomorrow, if I had the money.
Would is also used for polite offer and request.
Examples:
- Would you like a glass of hot tea?
- Would you mind repeating that?
c. May, Can
May and can are used to make offers, requests, and to ask for permission. May is equally polite as could.
Can is used informally, especially if the speaker is talking to someone he knows fairly well.
Examples:
- May I get you a glass of water?
- Can i give you a hand?

Don't say Can I to give you a hand? Say Can I give you a hand?
Both may and can are followed by an Infinitive without to.

PRACTICE
FUNCTION - Advice and Offer
1. Mark the sentences with 'A' if it expresses asking for advice, 'G' if it expresses giving advice, and
'N' if it expresses none of them.
No. Sentences Expressions
1 What should 1 do?
2 You should see a doctor.
3 I'd like to thank you all sincerely.
4 You had better quit smoking.
5 What you need Is a nice long holiday.
6 Do you want to go bowling on Sunday?

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 7 Can 1 ask for your advice about my laptop?
8 If 1 were you, I'd wait until tomorrow.
9 What do you advise me to do?
10 What would you do if you were in my situation?
11 Have you tried another technique?
12 What ought 1 to do?
13 You never listen to me, do you?
14 Should 1 take the new job?
15 1 feel that you work too hard.

2. Arrange the following parts to make good sentences. Add punctuation where necessary.
1. you/do/suggest/ What
2. should/the/You/pollce/phone
3. to/smoking/You/qult/ought
4. give/you/some/me/advlce/Can
5. our/fasten/must/We/belt/seat
6. If/me/you/do/what/were/you/would
7. thought/email/you/about/Have/an/ sending
8. about/l/tell/How/should/parents/it/my
9. some/you/don't/do/ Why/sports
10. What/think/do/do/you/l/should
3. Match the questions with the replies.
Questions Replies
1. I have a terrible cough. What should 1 do? a. Why don't you take a break and have a two-day
vacation?
2. We are going to install a wire system in this b. I think you should call your parents.
apartment. What do you think we should do?
3. 1 didn't pass the driving test. What would c. Of course you need to go to a doctor. But first,
you do if you were me? you should stop smoking.

4. My job is very stressful and tiring. Can you
give me advice?
5. I feel homesick. What do you suggest?
6. I need to lose weight. Can you give me
advice?
7. Can I ask for your advice about something?
I'm really worried about my health.
8. What ought 1 to do? 1 desperately need to
take my mother to a hospital in Jakarta.
9. So that's the problem. What do you advise
me to do?
10. Do you think that 1 should report the
incident immediately?
d. You had better consume more fruit and less
carbohydrates.
e. If I were you, I would take a driving course
before retaking the test.
f. We must wear the necessary safety equipment.
g. What you ought to do is write a letter and explain
the situation.
h. Your only option is writing the report now. Make
sure that you have all the data.
i. I feel that you are working too hard.
j. I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.

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4. Arrange the sentences to make good dialogs.
a.  I have a stomachache.
 What's wrong?
 You should go home and take some medicine.
b.  You should try to postpone the test.
 I have to take my driver's license test, but my car isn't working.
 What's the matter?
c.  I'll get the stepladder, then.
 I'm going to change the light bulb. It burnt out.
 i should think about that.
 Are you out of your mind? Those books will slip and you'll fall.
 You'd be blind if that happens!
 What are you standing on?
 A couple of dictionaries and some textbooks.
 What are you doing?
 It's only a couple of feet.
 What if you fall while you're holding the light bulb and it breaks, and the pieces go into your
eyes?
d.  They go out to the meeting point.
 We tell our workers to leave the site.
 Can they take their belongings?
 What happens when the fire alarm rings?
 We take our attendance list to the meeting point and take roll.
 Where do the workers go?
 We want to make sure all the workers are out of the building.

5. What advice would you give in the following situations?

a. I feel sick, but I don't have a doctor.
What should 1 do?
c. I have to lead a group on a crosscountry
hike. What should I do?
e. I have a toothache. What should 1 do?
g. I ruined my supervisor's rubber gloves
by getting holes in it. Should 1 tell him?
i. You are having lunch with an old friend
from school when your jealous
boyfriend / girlfriend walks in. What
should you do?
Situations
b. My friend fell from a three-meter platform a couple
of minutes ago. What should I do?
d. I got burned from a kind of chemical. What should I
do?
f. I forgot to bring my ID card. What should 1 take
instead of it?
h. You have to work in an area full of smoke. What
should you wear?
j. You forgot your boyfriend/ girlfriend's birthday and
now he/she is outside at your door. What should you
do?

k. I did my homework, but my dog l. I didn't have time to eat breakfast this morning. Now,
chewed it up. I don't think my teacher I'm in class and my stomach is growling. What
will believe me. What should 1 do? should I do?

6. Mark the sentences with 'M' if it expresses making an offer, 'A' if it expresses accepting an offer,
and 'R' if it expresses refusing an offer.
No. Sentences Expressions
1 Can 1 get you some water?
2 Yes, please.
3 I'd like to, but I'm busy.

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 No. Sentences Expressions
4 Would you like me to help you?
5 Thanks. A glass of mineral water, please.
6 Are you up for meeting for lunch this week?
7 Do you want a piece of cake?
8 That's very kind of you. Thank you.
9 That's very kind of you, but I'm afraid 1 can't stay long.
10 Do you need a hand?
11 That sounds great.
12 You bet!
13 No, thank you.
14 Shall I get you some paper?
15 I'll do the printing, if you like.

7. Match the offers with the responses.

Offers
a. Can 1 assist you?
b. Can 1 help you? You seem to be looking
for someone.
c. Shall 1 open the window for you?
d. Would you like another coffee?
e. Would you like me to ask the customer
service?
f. Would you like me to answer the phone?
g. I'll do the photocopying, if you like.
Responses
1. Yes, please. That would be.very kind of
you.
2. If you wouldn't mind. It's very hot here.
3. No thanks, I'm just looking.
4. It's OK, I can copy the files by myself.
5. Yes, please. I feel so sleepy.
6. Yes please. I'd like to know what time the
train leaves.
7. No, thank you. I can answer that.

8. Write a response to each of the following offers.

a. Can I help you with the monthly report?
________________________________________________________
b. Shall I get you the financial reports that go with that?
________________________________________________________
c. I'll print the report if you'd like.
________________________________________________________
d. Would you like me to help you with your presentation?
________________________________________________________
e. How about another donut?
________________________________________________________

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9. Read the letter. Then, answer the questions.
Acme Technical Enterprises
BRI Tower 16th Floor - 42 • Jakarta • 13521
Phone 555-555-0000

March 1", 2017

Raysa Handoyo
Jalan. Mandalika HI/12
Madiun, 63114

Dear Raysa Handoyo,

JOB OFFER

Acme Technical Enterprises, Inc. is pleased to offer you a job as a Senior Engineer. We trust that your knowledge,
skills, and experience will be among our most valuable assets.
Should you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible to receive the following beginning on your
hire date.
Salary: Annual gross starting salary of $63,500
Performance Bonuses: Up to three percent of your annual gross salary, paid quarterly
Stock Options: 500 Acme stock options in your first year, fully vested in four years at the rate of 125 shares per
year
Benefits: Annual stock options, child daycare assistance, education assistance, health life, and disability insurance,
profit sharing, sick leave, vacation and personal days
To accept this job offer:
Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below.
Sign and date the enclosed Non-Compete Agreement where indicated.
Sign and date the enclosed Confidentiality Agreement where indicated.
Sign and date the enclosed At-Will Employment Confirmation where indicated.
Mail all pages of the signed and dated documents listed above back to us in the enclosed business-reply envelope,
to arrive by Friday, March 17"', 2017.
Should you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible to receive the following beginning on your
hire date.
 Salary: Annual gross starting salary of $63,500
 Performance Bonuses: Up to three percent of your annual gross salary, paid quarterly
 Stock Options: 500 Acme stock options in your first year, fully vested in four years at the rate of 125 shares per
year
 Benefits: Annual stock options, child daycare assistance, education assistance, health life, and disability
insurance, profit sharing, sick leave, vacation and personal days
To accept this job offer:
1. Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below.
2. Sign and date the enclosed Non-Compete Agreement where indicated.
3. Sign and date the enclosed Confidentiality Agreement where indicated.
4. Sign and date the enclosed At-Will Employment Confirmation where indicated.
5. Mail all pages of the signed and dated documents listed above back to us in the enclosed business-reply
envelope, to arrive by Friday, March 17"', 2017. A copy of each document is enclosed for your records.
6. Attend new-hire orientation on Monday, March 20th, 2017, beginning at 8:00 AM sharp.
To decline this job offer:
1. Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below.
2. Mail all pages of this job offer letter back to us in the enclosed business-reply envelope, to arrive by Thursday,
March 17th, 2017.
If you accept this job offer, your hire date will be on the day that you attend new-hire orientation. Plan to work for
the remainder of the business day after new-hire orientation ends. Please read the enclosed new-hire package for
complete, new-hire instructions and more information about the benefits that Acme offers.

Regards,
Mr. Jeffry Chow
The Hiring Coordinator

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Questions:
a. What kind of letter is this?
b. Who is the sender? Who is the addressee?
c. What is the purpose of the letter?
d. What position is being offered?
e. What will Raysa Handoyo receive, in addition to a monthly salary?
f. Why are the benefits mentioned in the letter?
g. Mention the four documents that Raysa Handoyo must sign for accepting the offer.
h. What does Raysa Handoyo have to do if she refuses the offer?
i. Who signs the letter?
j. What is the purpose of the last part of the letter?

GRAMMAR
1. Write √ if the sentence is CORRECT and X if the sentence is FALSE.
a. You should to wear a helmet.
b. I don't think you should work so hard.
c. You ought work without any protection.
d. You ought not to forgetting your ID card.
e. If I were you, I'd wear gloves.
f. If I were in your position, I would be listen to my supervisor.
g. If I were in your shoes, I had read the manual.
h. You had better cleaned the mess.
i. You shouldn't take off your shoes.
j. Whatever you do, don't turning off the computers.
k. They ought to going out to the meeting point.
l. You'd better write him an email
m. I will discussing the detail with the management
n. What shall I write in my resume?
o. I can to help you with your problem.
2. Fill in the blanks with correct modals: should, ought to, or had better.
a. We _________ pay our taxes.
b. You _________ drive carefully. There is a lot traffic.
c. We _________ rest sometimes while travelling
d. One _________ drive carefully.
e. We _________ wash our hands.
f. You _________ eat healthy food. You are healthy food.
g. You _________ pay your tax. Tomorrow is the last day.
h. We _________ eat healthy food.
i. You _________ rest for some time. You are going to sleep.
j. We _________ clean the room. There are pieces of glass there.
k. You _________ wash your hands, dear. You have touched lots of things.
l. You _________ take your umbrella in case it rains.
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 m. You _________take your umbrella with you. It is raining.
n. You _________ not tell lies. He knows the truth.
o. We _________save money, (in general)
p. We _________clean our environment.
q. We _________not tell lies.
r. We _________not make noise.
s. You _________help that old man.
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals: must, should, ought to, or had better.
Letter 1

Dear Melisa,

I think you (1) __________ go and speak to them one more time. Perhaps you (2) __________
go during the daytime, when it's quiet and you feel calm. You (3) __________ get angry. You (4)
__________ act politely and explain how their music can affect your children. Tell them that you would
really like to be friendly with them.
But, if they keep making noise at night, you will contact your local council. Before you contact
them, you (5) __________ write down all the dates and times when your neighbors made too much
noise.

Regards,
Mike
Letter 2

Dear Mrs. Halimah,

I think you (1) __________ go and talk to the head teacher of your daughter. Bullying is a
serious problem in many schools. Every school (2) __________have a policy to try to stop it. The head
teacher (3) __________do something about it.
Perhaps you (4) __________ also have a chat with your daughter and give some advice to her
on how she could keep away from these boys during break time.
Why don't you give your daughter a special treat, like a trip to the cinema or to the zoo? I think
it can make your daughter feel better.

Regards,
Mrs. Anita
Letter 3
Dear Emma,

I'm so glad to hear that you decided to go to UCLA! You (1) __________ be so excited! Since
you were also accepted at Columbia University and Princeton, it (2) __________ have been a difficult
decision. I had a great experience at UCLA and I think if you follow my advice, you will go there too.
First, you (3) __________ bring enough money to last you the first month; otherwise you won't
have enough! After that, you (4) __________ get a job, but if you don't, you (5) __________ apply
for financial aid. I think you (6) __________ focus more on studying than working, so your job (7)
__________ only require you to work a few hours a week. You (8) __________ live on campus the
first year. That way, you will get accustomed to life in the USA and college. After that, you (9)
__________ move to an apartment because it will be hard to focus on your studies if you live on
campus with new students!
LosLosAngeles is ahas
Angeles relatively
a lot ofsafe city,tobut
things do.you
The(12) __________
beaches be careful
are great, but youbecause like every big
(10) __________ bring
city
sunscreen and a hat if you go. The Southern California sun is very strong. You can alsoanyone.
there is crime. You (13) __________ carry a cell phone too, just in case you need to call visitBeverly
HillsIfand
there is anythingYou
Hollywood. else(11)
I can do to help visit
__________ you, Disneyland
just let me know. I know you
and Universal (14) They
Studies. __________
are fun! be
very happy about your new life.
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Best wishes,
Anna
Source: http://flanghkendall.mdc.edu
ENRICHMENT
Short Conversations
In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the conversations TWICE. The
conversations will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers
say. In your test book, you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed by four
answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer sheet.

1. What is the main purpose of the discussion?

A. To fill out paperwork.
B. To come aboard.
C. To clarify a point.
D. To confirm a job.
2. What is the woman doing with the desk?
A. Rearranging it.
B. Assembling it.
C. Designing it.
D. Buying it.
3. What does the woman offer to do?
A. Booking some places.
B. Staying in the evening.
C. Making telephone calls.
D. Painting the hotel room.
4. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Walk to the office.
B. Give a shorter report.
C. Make a better work schedule.
D. Finish her report at the weekend.
5. To whom is the woman speaking?
A. A telephone operator.
B. A taxi driver.
C. A mechanic.
D. A dentist.
Short Talks
In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. The talks are spoken TWICE. They will not be printed
in your test paper, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say. In your test paper, you will
read three questions about each short talk. The questions will be followed by four answers. You are to choose
the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer sheet.
6. What is the main purpose of the short talk?
A. To announce a warning.
B. To promote alcohol.
C. To warn criminals.
D. To offer a product.
7. Who is the intended audience?
A. Children. C. Friends.
B. Women. D. Adults.
8. What is being offered?
A. Designated drivers.
B. Tough winter driving.
C. A little bit of good cheer.
D. Free cab rides for drunk drivers.
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9. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. Driving safety.
B. Purchasing a car.
C. Traffic conditions.
D. Driving in heavy traffic.
10. What does the speaker suggest that drivers do?
A. Avoid drinks with caffeine.
B. Take frequent breaks.
C. Open a window.
D. Change cars.
11. What will the next talk be about?
A. Saving money.
B. Reducing stress.
C. Vacation destinations.
D. Getting a good night's sleep.
12. What is being advertised?
A. A lotion to promote hair growth.
B. A procedure for hair restoration.
C. Discounts for bald customers.
D. Surgery to implant new hair.
13. Who is the intended audience?
A. Young persons.
B. Senior citizens.
C. Teenage women.
D. Middle-aged men.
14. According to the short talk, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The speaker has a bald head.
B. The speaker is an expert on hair.
C. The speaker was a famous athlete.
D. The speaker is the company's owner.
WRITING
Incomplete Sentences
Questions 15 to 35 are incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked by A, B, C, or D, are given. You
are to choose the one word/phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and mark your answer.
15. The book is optional. My teacher said we could read It if we needed more knowledge. But we
___________ read it if we don't want to.
A. don't have to
B. must not
C. cannot
D. had better not
16. The laptop ________ be crashed. Maybe the battery needs charging.
A. can not
B. should not
C. might not
D. shall not
17. You _______ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't,
just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
A. will not
B. had better not
C. don't have to
D. must not
18. ____________ we move to the terrace? It is colder there and it has beautiful view of the mountains.
A. Must
B. Might
C. Will
D. Shall

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19. You ________ take along some cash. The cafe may not accept credit cards.
A. can
B. should
C. will
D. would
20. You _________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people that I know do not have much
money.
A. don't have to
B. must not
C. cannot
D. had better not
21. I can't stand these children. I _________ out of here. I will be back when the birthday party is over.
A. might have
B. ought not to
C. had better
D. shall not
22. You ________ be kidding! That story can't be true.
A. had better C. Have to
B. will D. must
23. You ________ leave the table once you have finished your dinner and politely excuse yourself.
A. ought
B. would
C. may
D. might
24. We've done this math problem at least ten times, but our answer is wrong according to the answer key. The
answer in the book ________ be wrong!
A. shall
B. must
C. would
D. have to
25. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. ________ you think once in a while
before you speak?
A. Can
B. Might
C. Must
D. Ought to
26. New research suggests that exercise can reduce the chance of heart attack as well as cancer. That's why I
told my mother that she ________ start walking around the neighbourhood in the morning.
A. shall
B. might
C. should
D. will
27. At first, my manager didn't want to hire Ali. But, because I had previously worked with Ali, I told her that
she ________ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
A. ought not to
B. should not
C. had better
D. will have to
28. Oh no! He's unconscious. Don't move him. He ________ have internal injuries. Somebody call an
ambulance.
A. may
B. shall
C. will
D. should
29. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using plant food to make the flowers grow in your garden.
Since some people might be allergic to chemicals in artificial plant foods, the book says that you ________
use an organic brand to avoid skin irritation.

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 A. shall
B. might
C. must
D. should
30. For most people, learning a new. language is very difficult. Experts agree that to make the most of your
language learning experience, you ________ practice the language regularly.
A. better
B. have to
C. had better not
D. don't have to
31. I was sorry to hear that your basement was flooded last week due to a leaky pipe. ________ you allow me
to come to your home to make sure that your plumbing is secure? Please contact me to make an
appointment at 577-1234.
A. Will
B. May
C. Should
D. Ought to
32. While you are at work, your time, and attention ________ be focused on your job and used in the best
interests of the company. Keep your private calls to a minimum and don't speak on your phone within
earshot of colleagues' working space during working hours.
A. can
B. would
C. had better
D. must
33. I know there are many factors for you to consider because this won't be an easy decision. Whatever your
decision, you ________ count on my support. If you need any further discussion of these issues, don't
hesitate to call me.
A. can
B. must
C. ought to
D. have to
34. Thank you for your suggestion on how to make our deliveries more efficient. I agree that we ________
begin using an electronic scheduling system.
A. may
B. should
C. ought
D. better
35. What ________ you do if you had to decide between applying for government financial aid to complete a
graduate degree or working full time for six months to earn enough money and have less debt?
A. shall
B. should
C. would
D. will

Incomplete Dialogs
Questions 36 to 40 are incomplete dialogs and sentences. Four clauses/sentences, marked by A, B, C, or D, are
given beneath each dialog. You are to choose the one clause/sentence that best completes the dialog. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your answer.
36. Mira : Hi, Nana. What's up?
Nana : Good. Anyway, you look so slim, now. I want to lose weight, too. Can you give me some
advice?
Mira : ___________________
A. I don't think you can ever lose weight!
B. You don't need to lose weight. You look fine.
C. Join a weight loss club. They will give you moral support.
D. I found that a brisk walk every lunch time helped me to lose weight.

14 | P a g e
37. Mario : Excuse me, I am lost. I need to go to Westminster. Can you show me the way?
A stranger : Oh, sure. _____________________
A. I am sorry. I am busy.
B. Ask at the tube station.
C. I am sorry I can't help you. I don't know the way either.
D. Walk down the road, catch bus 123 and it will take you there.
38. Sarah : Hi, Reza. What's your plan after graduating? Reza : I want to apply for a job. Do you have
any advice?
Sarah : _________________
A. There are not many jobs available. You are wasting your time.
B. Write your CV and visit the employment agency.
C. My plan is continuing my studies.
D. Why do you want a job?
39. Lia's sister : Hey, you look so confused. What's going on?
Lia : My friend,Tito, asked me for money. If you were me, what would you do? Would you give
it to him?
Lia's sister : _________________
A. Ask him what he needs the money for.
B. He's your friend. Give him the money.
C. Pretend you don't have any money.
D. I never give money to friends.
40. Ryan : I want to quit smoking. Can you help me?
Dika : _________________
A. Just stop.
B. I suggest you visit the doctor.
C. Don't join friends when they go out for a smoke.
D. This is good. You really must do it. I will support you.

READING
Read the following texts and then choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
Text 1

The International Employment Newsletter

No matter where your career is headed, we can help to identify the best direction for you. The International
Employment Newsletter is written for all professionally minded people seeking a new position or hoping to
improve their current states. Each issue contains hundreds of regional, national, and international job
opportunities. In addition, we offer expert career advice, such as letter and resume writing for beginning job
seekers and negotiating and networking strategies for experienced professionals. Regardless of where you
41.areWhat
withservice
your career, Theby
is offered International Employment
The International Newsletter
Employment can help you. Look for us at your local
Newsletter?
newsstand or subscribe today for convenient
A. Translation and interpretation. home delivery.
B. Preparation for going abroad.
C. Work visa applications.
D. Career advice.
42. What is learned about The International Employment Newsletter?
A. It can be read on the Internet.
B. It is published every two weeks.
C. It is available only by subscription.
D. It can be purchased at newsstands.
Text 2

Thank you for your most recent purchase. At this time we wish to remind you that customers, whose
accounts are paid in full within 10 days from receipt of merchandise, will receive a 5% discount on their
next order. Those who pay within 30 days will receive a 3% discount. We encourage you to take advantage
of this money-saving opportunity. We appreciate your business and we also hope that everything in your
most recent shipment was satisfactory. If you have questions regarding your shipment or bill, please contact
43.us Who
immediately
might beatwriting
555-5555.
the letter?
A. A ship.

15 | P a g e
 B. A shop.
C. A customer.
D. An accountant.
44. What kind of benefit is being offered?
A. A discount.
B. A loan.
C. A free shipment.
D. Telephone number.
45. How would a customer know whether he fits the requirement or not?
A. By encouraging him to take the opportunity.
B. By placing the next order immediately.
C. By contacting the sender at 555-5555.
D. By waiting for a call from 555-5555.

16 | P a g e
 Unit 2
What's Your Opinion?
OVERVIEW
EXPRESSIONS
Asking for Opinions
Formal Semi Formal Informal
 What's your position on...?  What do you think of...?  How do you feel about...?
 I was wondering where you stood  What do you think about...?  What about...?
on the question of...?  What's your opinion?  How do you like.
 Would you give me your opinion  What's your opinion of ...?
on ...?  What is your opinion about...?
 What are your views on ...?

Giving Opinions
Giving a Neutral Opinion Giving a Strong Opinion
 I think...  I'm absolutely convinced that...
 I feel that...  I'm sure that...
 In my view...  I strongly believe that...
 It seems to me...  I have no doubt that...
 In my opinion...  There's no doubt in my mind that...
 In my experience...
 As far as I'm concerned...

Showing Agreement and Disagreement Agreement

Agreement Disagreement
 I absolutely agree with your idea.  I totally disagree!
 I'm in line with your opinion.  Absolutely not!
 I couldn't agree with you more.  That's not right!
 Exactly.  I'm not sure about that.
 I think so.  I disagree with your idea.
 I completely agree with your opinion.  I don't think so.
 I see exactly what you mean!  No way.
 You're right.That's a good point.  I'm afraid I disagree.
 That's right.  I beg to differ.
 I totally agree with your opinion.  I'd say the exact opposite.
 Your idea is really excellent!  Not necessarily.
 That's not always true.
 That's not always the case.

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
1. -ing and -ed Adjectives
Adjectives which come from verbs (participles) can have two forms:
Adjective 1: Present Adjective 2: Past
Verb
Participle Participle
amuse amusing amused
bore boring bored
embarrass embarrassing embarrassed
excite exciting excited
interest interesting interested
satisfy satisfying satisfied
shock shocking shocked
surprise surprising surprised
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 Adjective 1: Present Adjective 2: Past
Verb
Participle Participle
worry worrying worried
a. We use the -ed form to talk about how people feel.
Examples:
- I'm interested in Math.
- Ines was excited to go on a bus around Jakarta.
b. We use the -ing form to talk about the subject.
Examples:
- It was surprising that he got 750 for the TOEIC test.
- Julia thinks Math is interesting.

2. Should
a. We use should for giving advice.
Examples:
- You should speak to him about it.
- He should see a doctor.
- We should ask a lawyer.
b. We use should to give an opinion or a recommendation.
Examples:
- He should resign now.
- We should get a second opinion.
- They should do something about this critical situation.
c. Should expresses a personal opinion and is much weaker and more personal than must or have to. It is
often introduced by I think.
Examples:
- I think they should talk to him.
- I don't think they should keep the contract.
- Do you think we should tell her about this?
3. Verbs followed by "that" clause
if we want to use clauses with "that", follow the following rules:
a. after verbs of thinking:
think believe expect decide hope
know understand suppose guess Imagine
feel remember forget

Examples:
- I hope that you will enjoy your holiday.
- She didn't really think that it would happen.
- I knew that I had seen her somewhere before.
b. after verbs of saying:
say admit argue reply agree
claim deny mention answer complain
explain promise suggest

Examples:
- They admitted that they had made a mistake.
- She argued that they should invest more in the business.
- The children complained that they had nothing to do.
(Source: http5Mearnenglish.brftishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/
verbs-followed-that-clause)

PRACTICE
FUNCTION - Asking for and giving opinions
1. Mark the sentences with 'A' if it expresses asking for an opinion, 'G' if it expresses giving an
opinion, and 'N' if it expresses none of them.
18 | P a g e
 No. Sentences Expressions

1. What do you think of this medicine?

2. I think it is an entertaining film.

3. How do 1 get to the station?

4. I personally believe that this is not the right decision.

5. Could you give me a ride to work on Monday?

6. How was your trip last weekend?

7. I'm sure that it's a waste of time.

8. What's your opinion about this matter?

9. I'm sorry 1 shouted at you.

10. 1 believe we have made a major financial error.

11. Do you think it's a good idea?

12. 1 was wondering where you stood on the question of

national security?

13. Thank you very much for the exam information.

14. What are your views on the controversial subject?

15. As far as I'm concerned, we need to investigate the

incident.

2. Match the questions and the responses.

Questions
1. What do you think of Riverside Resto
for our junior high reunion?
2. What is your opinion of the fried rice at
the school canteen?
3. What is your attitude toward all the
recent news about juvenile delinquency?
4. Do you agree that Phuket is one of the
best vacation spots in the world?
5. Do you oppose or favor a global
currency?
Responses
a 1 think it needs more attention and priority for
teenagers.
b 1 oppose it because it will bring problems.
c Not really. It's too hot most of the time.
d 1 think it's good because it's one of the best places
in town.
e In my opinion, the taste is not good.

3. Label whether each of the following statements is a NEUTRAL or a STRONG OPINION.

a. As far as I'm concerned social media reduces social interactions.
b. I feel that traveling abroad broadens our personal view.
c. I have no doubt that reading good books is beneficial.
d. I strongly believe that playing computer games is addictive.
e. I think cooking is only for women.
f. I'm absolutely convinced that learning English would affect my future life.
g. I'm sure that it is entertaining to watch movies.
h. In my experience, money is not an absolute thing to have.

19 | P a g e
 i. In my opinion, Indonesian food is as tasty as Indian food.
j. In my view, doing regular exercise does a lot of good things for our health.
k. It seems to me that students shouldn't be burdened with too much homework.
l. There's no doubt in my mind that cigarettes are not good for human's lungs.

4. Read the dialogs. Then, answer the following questions.

 Dialog 1
A : I don't like it, but I think we'll have to cut back the research bi'dget.
B : That could be very costly. I have no doubt that we could lose our hard-earned competitive edge.
A : Well, it hasn't been decided yet, but we are looking at it.
Questions:
a. What is the topic of the dialog?
b. What is the first speaker's idea?
c. What is the second speaker's opinion?
d. Do the speakers end up in an agreement?
e. What might be the relationship between the two speakers?

 Dialog 2
A : Could we take an alternative route? It's rush hour and I have to be at the airport by ten.
B : I do this every day, sir. In my opinion we'd be better off staying right where we are, the traffic gets
lighter after this junction.
A : I knew I should have set the alarm clock earlier. But I think we must take an alternative route now.
Questions:
a. What are they talking about?
b. What is the second speaker's opinion about what is happening?
c. Does the first speaker agree? Why?
d. Do the speakers end up in an agreement?

 Dialog 3
A : I was wondering where you stood on the question of national security?
B : There's no doubt in my mind that our country must stand in unity In spite of our cultural
differences.
A : I couldn't agree with you more.
Questions:
a. What is the topic of the dialog?
b. What is the second speaker's opinion?
c. Does the first speaker agree with the second?

 Dialog 4
A : What do you think about beef?
B : I think eating any meat is bad for our health.
A : That's not true. It's a really good source of protein.

Questions:
a. What are the speakers talking about?
b. What is the second speaker's opinion?
c. Does the first speaker agree with the second?

 Dialog 5
A : What do you think we should do about our salesperson jumping ship? She's going to work for our
competitors.
B : I think we should offer her a big raise to stay. She's worth it.
A : I'm afraid I disagree. If we make the offer, she will threaten to quit any time she wants more
money.
B : Hmmm, maybe you are right.

Questions:

20 | P a g e
 a. Why are they talking about the salesperson?
b. What is the second speaker's opinion about her?
c. Does the first speaker agree? Why?

5. Put the expressions into the correct subheadings: agreeing or disagreeing.

Agreeing Disagreeing

Absolutely I have to side with Dad on this one I'm afraid I disagree with your idea
Exactly I strongly agree No doubt about it
I agree with you I totally disagree No way
I beg to differ I was just going to say that No, I'm not so sure about that
I don't think so I'd say the exact opposite Not necessarily
I couldn't agree more I'm afraid I agree with James That's exactly how 1 feel
That's not always the case That's so true You're absolutely right
That's not always true You have a point there

6. Read the letter and then answer the questions.

 Letter 1

LETTER OF AGREEMENT

April 17th, 2017

Adriana Simatupang
Soedirman Apt. 7thFI - Kav 12
Jalan Soedirman 43
Jakarta, 13755

Dear Adriana Simatupang,

This letter serves as a formal agreement between SMK Sanjaya and Adriana Simatupang, whereby
Adriana Simatupang will provide professional services of Game Design Programming, on June 29th,
from 8 a.m to 2 p.m, at SMK Sanjaya Multimedia Room.

Adriana Simatupang is being sponsored by the SMK Sanjaya and will be compensated for services
provided in the amount of Rp3.000.000. Payment will be disbursed upon completion of services.
Please sign both copies of this agreement. Retain one copy for your file and return one copy to SMK
Sanjaya (or specific office).

Regards,
Rudi Hartono
Principal of SMK Sanjaya

Questions:
a. To whom is the letter addressed?
b. Is it a formal or informal letter?
c. What kind of agreement is this?
d. What will Adriana Simatupang do for SMK Sanjaya?
e. What will SMK Sanjaya do for Adriana Simatupang?

21 | P a g e
  Letter 2
To my surprise, I received an incorrect bill from you today. You must have forgotten that we agreed
on $900 for the painting, not $1,100. I hope we can resolve this problem quickly. I would like to
continue our good relationship and refer you to friends and family in need of your services. Please
send me a corrected bill.

Thank you.
Rachel

Questions:
a. To whom is the letter addressed?
b. Who might write the letter?
c. Is it a formal or informal letter?
d. Why did she write the letter?

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Give your reason(s).
a. People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something
different.
b. It is more important for students to study history and literature than to study science and mathematics.
c. All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school.
d. People, who earn a lot of money are successful.
e. Playing a game is fun only when you win.
f. People behave differently when they wear different clothes.
g. Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.
h. Smoking should be banned in all places, including private homes.
i. Making mistakes in English is fine as long as people understand you.
j. Women will never be equal to men in the workplace.

GRAMMAR
1. Read the following opinions. What is the person giving an opinion about? Then, look at the seven
things in the box. After that, match the correct word from the box.
 restaurant  match
 film  hotel
 book  museum
 football

a. The food was nourishing

restaurant
b. I love being amused by a good comedy film.
___________
c. The stadium was crowded with fans of Liverpool.
___________
d. I was surprised by the score at the end.
___________
e. The special effects were amazing.
___________
f. The last chapter is very exciting.
___________
g. I am very interested in Ancient Egypt.
___________
h. The menu was rather disappointing.
___________
i. The ancient bones were very well displayed.
___________
j. I was bored with the first chapter.
___________
22 | P a g e
 k. I was very tired and I wanted a nice comfortable bed.
___________
l. I had a relaxing time in the Jacuzzi before I went to bed.
___________
2. Read the following opinions. Are they grammatically correct or incorrect?
a. I didn't enjoy the party. It was very bored.
Incorrect
b. The ghost story was very frightening.
___________
c. I was shocking by what she told me.
___________
d. The children were over-excited and noisy.
___________
e. Your holiday in Bali sounds very exciting.
___________
f. I was embarrassing when they asked me to sing.
___________
g. It was very depressing to hear about your problems.
___________
h. I thought the story was very confusing.
__________
i. I was very tiring so I went to bed.
_________
j. I went home early because the party was boring
___________
3. Underline the correct form of the adjective in these opinions.
a. I've just read a very | amusing | amused | book
b. The basketball game was very | excited I exciting | because both teams played well.
c. I couldn't find the way to your house because your map was very | confused | confusing
d. I was | amazed | amazing | that your brother did so well in his exam.
e. Please go away. You are very | annoyed | annoying
f. I was | shocked | shocking | when I saw the Write how you felt about the events, bill! It was
Rp325.000!
g. Are you | interested | interesting | in politics?
h. I was very | embarrassed | embarrassing | because I didn't understand Spanish.
i. Everybody was | amused | amusing | by her imitations of her teachers.
j. The walk to the top of the hill was | exhausted | exhausting |.

4. Write the best adjective from the box to describe the events.
amusing depressing relaxing
disgusting enchanting boring
satisfying terrifying
annoying moving

a. I had a very delicious meal.

Satisfying
b. I was very angry when they didn't answer the phone.
__________
c. The music was very beautiful and made me feel magical.
__________
d. The massage took away all my stress.
__________
e. My room was dirty and made me feel sick.
__________
f. The story was very funny and made me laugh.
__________
23 | P a g e
 g. The news was very bad, so I felt unhappy.
__________
h. The film was very long, slow and uninteresting.
__________
i. The children cried when Bambi's mother was killed.
__________
j. Your story about the air crash frightened me.
__________

5. Fill in the blanks with should or shouldn't.

a. Listen to that music! Our neighbors__________ play music that loud at this hour.
b. If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, you __________ go to the dentist.
c. Catherine __________ keep calling her ex-boyfriend. I think he is with another girl now.
d. Before going to Korea for your holidays, you __________ try and learn the language. You will enjoy
things a lot more.
e. You __________ always inock on the door before entering. This is a private office.
f. We __________ bring something to Cynthia's party. I'll feel really embarrassed otherwise.
g. That model on the TV is too skinny. She __________ eat more, I think!
h. Lydia __________ ask Bobby to help her with her studies. He attended the same course last year.
i. Pregnant women __________ smoke because it can hurt the baby.
j. We __________ leave too late tomorrow if we want to reach the beach before lunch.
6. Match the statements and the responses.
Statements Responses
1 Ryan hasn't repaid the money I lent A You should go to Raja Ampat. It's
him. magnificent.
2 I bought it, but it's broken. B You should whittle down your habit, aim for
once a day.
3 I want to lose some weight. C You shouldn't spend so much on clothes and
shoes.
4 1 need to stop smoking. D You should eat less carbohydrates.
5 My eyes hurt. E You shouldn't spend so much time in front of
the computer.
6 I'm still feeling very sick. F You should take it back to the shop.
7 1 wish l had more money. G You should ask him for it.
8 1 don't know where to go on holiday. H You should call a doctor.

7. Complete the second sentences of each pair with one of the following words in the box.
feels complains promised decided
explained thinks agreed denied
be'ieves expects
1. Raysa: "Yes, it was a great live concert."
Raysa_________that the concert was great.
2. A student to his friend: "I hate having to do a lot of homework every day."
The student _________ that he has to do a lot of homework every day.
3. Yoko: "No, I didn't remove the battery of the laptop."
Yoko _________ that he had removed the battery of the laptop.
4. Andy: "Well, I think we should back her up in this difficult situation."
Andy _________ that we should back her up in that difficult situation.
5. Diana: "I will be on time, I promise."
Diana has _________ that she would be on time.
6. A father: "All humans are born equal."
My father _________ that all humans are born equal.
7. Customer: "I don't think I'll buy this washing machine after all."
The customer _________ that he wouldn't buy the washing machine.
8. Rita: "I am not good at mathematics. I always find it difficult."
Rita_________ that she always has some difficulties in mathematics.
9. Ben: I can make fire with a stick. You know, my father taught me how to do it when I was a child.
24 | P a g e
 Ben _________ that his father had taught him how to make fire with a stick when he was a child.
10. A student: "I hope we can convince the teacher that this is not plagiarism."
The student _________that they can convince the teacher that it is not plagiarism.
ENRICHMENT
Questions - Responses
You will hear a question or statement spoken in English. You will hear the question or statement TWICE. In
your test book, you will read three responses. You are to choose the best response to each question or statement.
1. A. They are leaving soon.
B. This room is longer than the other one.
C. Let's just wait another few minutes.
2. A. We'll have a planning meeting next week.
B. We don't have any openings right now.
C. I think they're wonderful.
3. A. Not unless she works faster.
B. It's time to go to work.
C. I heard the news report on the radio last night.
4. A. He's about thirty-five years old.
B. I don't think he's very happy there.
C. It's a new job.
5. A. I'm not sure whether I’il go
B. Yes, let's go together.
C. I love a rainy day.
6. A. No, he wasn't there.
B. No, I don't really enjoy parties.
C. No, he's too busy this week.
7. A. It lasted several days.
B. I thought it was boring.
C. She's doing very well, thank you.
8. A. She says it's a good Idea.
B. She's all out of change.
C. No, she didn't have to change plans.
9. A. You should fill out the blue form.
B. It is a bit cooler in here.
C. I really don't like it at all.
10. A. Yes, he works here.
B. He always does an excellent job.
C. He walks fast.
Short Conversations
In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the conversations TWICE. The
conversations will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers
say. In your test paper, you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed by four
answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer sheet.

11. What will the speakers probably do?

A. Show the report to Sania's boss.
B. Tell Sania to rewrite the report.
C. Help Sania rewrite the report.
D. Fire Sania.
12. What are the speakers discussing?
A. Work.
B. Shopping.
C. The economy.
D. A place to live.
13. What is the man's opinion of the store?
A. It isn't big enough.
B. The prices are high.
C. It's too disorganized.
25 | P a g e
 D. The people are helpful.
14. What are the speakers discussing?
A. Working.
B. Spending money.
C. Going on vacation.
D. Taking a coffee break.
15. What are the speakers agreeing to?
A. An application form.
B. A business report.
C. A bank loan.
D. A contract.
16. What are the speakers going to celebrate?
A. A birthday.
B. A graduation.
C. A promotion.
D. A retirement.
17. Where will the man wait?
A. Upstairs.
B. Outside.
C. By the front door.
D. Near the elevator.
18. What is the woman's opinion of the lecture?
A. It was terrible.
B. It was Interesting.
C. It was not enjoyable.
D. It was not long enough.
19. What do the speakers say about TV?
A. It's boring.
B. It's funny.
C. The programs are good.
D. There aren't many programs.
20. What did the man think of the meeting?
A. It was a waste of time.
B. It was informative.
C. It was interesting.
D. It was useful.

26 | P a g e
 UNIT 3
WE WOULD LIKE TO INVITE YOU

A. Written Invitations
Here are following expressions of inviting,
accepting, and refusing an invitation:
- You are cordially invited to ....
- We would like to invite you.
- I was wondering If you'd like to ....
- ... which they have the honor to accept
- ... which they much regret being unable to accept.

1. Invitation Letter
An Invitation letter is a type of letter written to an organization or an individual for their participation or
presence at an event or an occasion. The occasion can be official (formal) or personal (informal).
There are two types of invitation letters:
a. Official
Official invitation letters are written for inviting officials and certain distinguished people. They follow a
formal format. The Invitations are related to meetings, interviews, training, conferences, etc.
b. Personal
Personal invitation letters are written for Inviting friends, peers, relatives, family members, or neighbors to
social events, such as weddings, birthday parties, anniversaries, or baby showers. The format Is a mixture
of informal and formal letters.
2. Accepting an Invitation
When writing an accepting invitation lener to an event, the letter should be brief.
The body of the letter should:
- inform an appreciation that was felt upon receiving the request,
- provide a brief section outlining the confirmation of the details of the event including the date and time,
and
- inform the invitee that the person will be attending.
3. Declining an Invitation
When writing a declining invitation letter to an event, follow these guidelines below.
a. Express appreciation for the invitation.
Examples:
- I was honored to be invited to the opening ceremony for the Legend's Art Exhibition.
- Thank you for including me on your guest list for the upcoming dinner with Dr. Chang.
b. Express regret that you must decline. Your regret sounds more sincere if you can give a specific
explanation of what prevents your acceptance.
Examples:

27 | P a g e
 - There is no possible way I can rearrange my schedule at this time. I'm deeply sorry.
- I regret I'll be out of the city on September 6th.
- November 11 is our parents' anniversary. We apologize for being unable to attend your event.
- We Would Like to Invite You
c. Wish success for the event.
Examples:
- My best regards for the dinner and discussions.
- I do hope the meeting turns out to be profitable for all concerned.
- Thank you for thinking of me and best wishes for an enjoyable and successful evening.

NOTE:
1. RSVP
From French, it means "ftepondez s'il vous plait." or "Please reply." It's definitely telling you that your
hosts want to know if you are attending or not. Reply promptly, within a day or two of receiving an
invitation.
2. How do I respond? Reply in the manner indicated on the invitation.
- RSVP and no response card: a handwritten response to the host at the return address on the envelope.
- Response Card: fill in and reply by the date indicated and return it in the enclosed envelope.
- Regrets only: reply only if you cannot attend. If your host doesn't hear from you, he is expecting you.

B. Spoken Invitations
Use the following expressions, if you want to directly invite people for your events or invite someone
over.
Inviting someone you do not know very well
 I was wondering if you'd like to...
 Would you be interested in ...?
 We'd be delighted to...

Inviting friends
 Do you want to ...?
 How do you fancy ...?
 Care to ...?

Inviting anyone
 Would you like to ...?
 How about ...?

Examples:
 I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.
 Would you be interested in going to our university next Thursday?
 We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.
 Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
 How do you fancy going to the live concert?
 Care to come over for lunch?

28 | P a g e
  Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?
 How about going to the restaurant?

Note:
Don't say'l invite you...'or'l'd like to invite you...'
Use one of the expressions above.

Here are the expressions of accepting and refusing an invitation:

Accepting an invitation Declining an invitation
Formal Formal
 That's very kind of  That's very kind of
 you, thanks.  you, but actually . . .
 That sounds lovely,  (reason)
 thank you.  Well, I'd love to, but...
 What a great idea,  (reason)
 thank you. Informal
 I'd love to, thanks.  I'm really sorry, but...
 Yes, I'd like that.  (reason)
Informal  1 really don't think 1
 That sounds great!  can. (Reason)...
 Yes, OK.  Sorry, (I'm afraid) 1
 Sure.  can't.
 Sorry, but... (reason)

There are two phrases for inviting people:

a. Formal Phrases
Formal phrases are used when you are planning to invite several people for official events. The invited
people usually are older family members, supervisors, or people whom you do not know particularly well.
Examples:
 Would you like to join us for lunch?
 May I have your presence tonight?
b. Informal Phrases
Informal phrases are used when you are planning to invite your casual friends or people, who you know
very well.
Examples:
 Let's go out tonight!
 Let's grab some drinks!
Sometimes, people use suggestion forms in more informal situations to invite other people to join you in
doing something. These forms include let's do, how about, and shall we.
Examples:
 How about a tasty sweet cake?
 What a perfect time to have a barbecue! Let's go!

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ESSENSIAL GRAMMAR
TO INFINITIVES OR GERUNDS
Pay attention to the underlined words. Some words are in the form of to infinitives, the others are in the form of
gerunds (ing-form).
Examples:
 I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a drink.
 Would you be interested In going to our university next Thursday?
 We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.
 Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
 How do you fancy going to the live concert?
 Care to come over for lunch?
 Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?
 How about going to the restaurant?
1. When do we use 'to infinitives' or 'gerunds'?
a. We use 'to infinitives' after:
 Certain adjectives
amazed delighted lucky
anxious determined motivated
ashamed eager pleased
astonished fortunate prepared
careful glad proud
 Certain verbs
Verb + Infinitive Ver + (Pro) noun + Infinitive
 hope to (do something)  tell someone to
 plan to  advise someone to
 intend to  encourage someone to
 decide to  remind invite someone to
 promise to  permit someone to
 agree to  allow someone to
 offer to  warn someone to
 refuse to  require someone to
 seem to  order someone to
 appear to  force someone to
 pretend to  ask someone to
 ask to  expect someone to
 expect to  would like someone to
 would like to  want someone to
 want to  need someone to
 need to

b. We use 'gerunds' after:

 Prepositions (on, in, about, to)
Examples:
 We talked about going to Canada for our vacation.
30 | P a g e
  Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting.
 I'm interested in learning more about your work.
 I look forward to going home next month.
 They object to changing their plans at this late date.
 Certain verbs
enjoy avoid
appreciate postpone (put off)
mind delay
quit (give up) keep (keep on)
finish (get • consider
through) discuss
stop suggest
mention fancy

PRACTICE
FUNCTION – Inviting Someone Over
1. Match the letters of invitations with their proper replies. Then, fill in the blanks with the name of
the senders.
Invitations Replies
1 Dear Lala, a Dear Tio and Mia,
I want to tell you that I am having a Thank you for your kind letter. I'd love to
small farewell party next Saturday at 7 p.m. I join you. Maybe I will stay with my mother this
was wondering if you could come. weekend.
Your presence will be most eagerly I'm coming by train on Friday night and I
awaited. Looking forward to seeing you on could join you the next morning because I have
that day. a meeting to attend on Friday afternoon. Is that
all right for you? I miss you, and the kids.
All my love,
......... Love,
........
2 Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Park request the pleasure b Dear Helena,
of the company of
Mr. and Mrs. Roberts at the marriage of their Thanks for the invitation for the farewell
son, John to Cecilia Thompson on July 23th, party. But I'm afraid, I will be out of town on
2017 at 7 p.m. at Oriental Garden, Brisbane. that day.
Perhaps, I will meet you at the airport
R.S.V.P before your departure. It's on Monday at 6 p.m.,
………… right?

Love,
....
3 Dear uncle Billy, c Dear Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Park,

How are you uncle? Do you find your new Thank you very much for your kind invitation
job rewarding? to John's wedding. We are very happy to accept
We are visiting grandma this weekend. Why it.
don't you join us? We really miss you.
Yours sincerely,
Love, ……………
…….
4 You're invited to a d Dear....

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 Invitations Replies
BBQ PARTY
Thank you for your engagement party
Sunday, August 20th invitation on Sunday, July 16th, 2017 at 7 p.m.
7 p.m. to 9 p.m. My wife and 1 will be happy to attend and
eagerly look forward to helping you celebrate
Meet at Kuta Beach this happy occasion.
Bali
We'll supply the food and drinks. But, you're Regards,
allowed to bring your own food.

RSVP toTania
567-786
5 You are cordially invited to attend an e Dear....
Engagement Party given in honor of:
John and 1 were delighted to receive the
Doni and Lala invitation to your barbecue party. We accept
On July 16th, 2017 and are looking forward to the event. I've
At 7 p.m. misplaced the invitation, but as 1 recall, the
barbecue is on Sunday, August 20th at 7 p.m..
This party will be held at Kemang Restaurant Please let me know if 1 am mistaken. We look
Jakarta Selatan. forward to another great evening with you.
Hosted by the parents of the couple.
Regards,

2. Read the letter and then match the numbers with the parts.
University of
Reading

White knights House

White knights, PO Box 217
Reading RG6 6AH
March I8'h,2017
Dear Helena Chow,
It is with great pleasure that I write to invite youjalbeJatmctrofffielJniversity of Reading's Centre for Food
Security on Monday, June 12", 2017. The Centre offers a new focus for research on the challenges of meeting global
demands for food in a sustainable way. The launch will be marked by a lecture entitled The Global Future of Food and
Farming', given by Sir John Paddington, Government Chief Scientist.
The launch and lecture, which are kindly sponsored by PwC, will be run in partnership with the University of
Reading s highly-acclaimed Museum of English Rural Life.
The evening win commence with a private drinks reception from 6.15 p.m. followed by the lecture at 7 p.m., with
ample time being given for Q&A and discussion during the formal proceedings.
Additional information about the event, together with details about how to get to the venue at the Henley Business
School in the University of Reading, are enclosed. I would hp extremely grateful if you could R.S.V.P. by no later than
Friday, May 12'" to events@reading.ac.uk or 0118 378 7109. Please advise us of any special mobility or dietary
requirements you may have.
I hope you are able to accept this invitation and I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely.
Professor Gordon Marshall PS. Dress-code: formal

a. Body of the letter b. Signature c. Dress code

d. Statement of details e. Sender's address f. Complimentary close
g. Date h. A request for response i. Addressee's name

3. Read the letter again and then answer the questions.

32 | P a g e
 a. Who is the sender?
b. Who is the addressee?
c. What is the purpose of the letter?
d. What is the agenda of the event?
e. What should the addressee do after she received the letter?
f. Is it a formal or informal letter?
g. How do you know if this letter is formal or informal?
4. Complete the letters with the words in the boxes.
 Letter 1

The Heid'rich Literacy Council ________ you to attend a special benefit ________ performance
featuring the famous comedian, Stefan Heidrich. All ________ will go towards next year's literacy
campaign.
You may already know that the Heidrich Literacy Council has taught over 1,000________ adults in
the Springfield to read and write each year since 2001. But perhaps you didn't know that we also
________ thousands of dollars every year to public and private schools to improve their libraries.
You can contribute to these efforts by purchasing a ticket to the benefit performance, which will be
________ on May 9th at 8 p.m. in the Springfield High School auditorium. The cost of the tickets is only
$15.00 per person.
________is a mail order form for your tickets. Please specify the number of tickets you desire and
enclose a check for the appropriate amount. If you cannot attend but you would still like to make a
donation, we will________receive it. We eagerly await your ________.

a. proceeds b. gratefully c. invites

d. reply e. donate f. enclosed
g. area h. held

 Letter 2
The Demian Arts Council
___________the pleasure of your company
at a reception in___________of a. Honor
Dr. Robert John b. R.S.V.P
on the occasion of his___________ c. Requests
on Friday, August 11'h, 2017 d. Retirement
from 7 8 p.m. e. to
at The Hilton Hotel
Thamrin Street
___________ (021) 8096407 by July 2" 2017

 Letter 3
Thank you for___________ us to be part of Nana’s graduation celebration. We're eager to see
you all again. This event will make you even more special. We'll be ___________on Thursday at 7
p.m. on flight 401. ___________you for offering to pick us up and ___________ us a room at the Sun
Inn. You seem to think of everything.
We look___________to spending this time with you and getting better acquainted with Nana and
her husband.

a. Inviting b. Thank c. Arriving

d. Forward e. getting

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  Letter 4
Thank you very much for your thoughtful___________to attend Sisca's a. Occasion
graduation party. Unfortunately, Rick will be in Bandung that day and I am
in ___________of a community fund drive that requires my attention and b. Invitation
help that night. Otherwise, we would surely be there. I'm sure it will be a c. Congratulations
great ___________. Please convey our regrets to Sisca and extend our warm
___________ to her on this achievement. I'm sure you are very proud of her. d. charge

5. Put the expressions below into the correct sub-headings.

 I was wondering if you'd like to come to our party.
 I wish I could, but I have lots to do.
 Sounds great.
 How about going with us?
 I'd really like to, but my mother is visiting us tonight.
 OK.
 Thank you. I'd love to.
 I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday.
 Would you like to join us?
 How about dinner?
 Sorry, I've already made plans for Saturday.
 I'm awfully sorry, but I have other plans.
 That would be wonderful.
 Yes, thank you. What time?
 Thanks. I'd love to.
 Let's go to our place for a coffee!
 How about going to the flower park?
Making an invitation Accepting an invitation Refusing an invitation

6. Match the invitations and the responses.

Invitations Responses
1 Do you want to go bowling on Thursday? A What a great idea, thank you. What time is the
barbeque?
2 I was wondering if you'd like to join us for a B I wish I could, but I have an appointment with my

34 | P a g e
 Invitations Responses
barbeque. dentist at 6.30 p.m.
3 Do you want to watch the basketball match with C That's very kind of you, thank you. Please give me
us? your address.
4 We're going rollerblading on Tuesday. Do you want D Yes, I'd like to go out to dinner with you.
to come?
5 Would you like to come over for dinner at 7 E Sorry, I can't. It's my dad's birthday. Maybe next
tonight? Thursday.
6 Would you like to go out for dinner F I'm supposed to be doing something else tomorrow
sometime? afternoon. Tonight, maybe?
7 How about getting a cup of coffee tomorrow G Sorry, but I'm going to aerobics on Tuesday.
afternoon?
8 Would you care to join us watching a movie H Great!
tonight?
9 I'd be pleased to have you over for dinner tonight at I Yes, OK. What time is the match?
my house.
10 Let's grab some drinks! J I'd love to, but I'm afraid the meeting will finish
very late tonight.

7. Write the invitations with your own words.

a. Invitation : ___________________
Reply : Okay. Sounds good.
b. Invitation : ___________________
Reply : I'm awfully sorry, but I have other plans.
c. Invitation : ___________________
Reply : Yes, thank you. What time
d. Invitation : ___________________
Reply : I'm afraid, I can't.
e. Invitation : ___________________
Reply : That would be wonderful.

GRAMMAR
1. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct forms: 'to infinitives' or 'gerunds'.
1. We were pleased (receive) the letter.
2. Would you like (join) us for lunch today?
3. You are capable of (do) better work.
4. How do you fancy (ride) motorbikes to Mount Bromo?
5. I want (visit) some interesting places in Bali.
6. Please remind me (go) to the bank today.
7. Thanks for (remind) me about tonight's party.
8. They were excited (hear) about the birth of her baby.
9. Gita had a good reason for (attend) the wedding party yesterday.
10. The mother told the kid to stop, but he kept (run) toward the river.
11. His coach encouraged him throughout the marathon race (keep) on (run).

35 | P a g e
 12. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the teacher when they don't want (answer) a question.
13. She was surprised (discover) that he had never learned how (swim).
14. I need (go) to my school reunion. I am looking forward to (meet) my kindergarten friends.
15. He was accused of (steal) the car and some policemen forced him (admit) it.

Unit 4
Is It Good for Us?

OVERVIEW
EXPRESSIONS
The following expressions are usually used to persuade and convince somebody:
1. To persuade someone
Some expressions of trying to persuade someone:
 You really should ...
 Don't you think you should ...?
 What about...?
 I could ....
 I can assure you of ....
 Don't forget that....
Here are the sentences' examples:
 You really should tell your boss.
 Don't forget that it's a good brand.
 What about your friends?
 Don't you think you should do something for your school?
 I could do with your support, you know.
 I can assure you of my full support.

2. To convince someone
Some expressions of trying to convince someone:
 I can guarantee ....
 I tell you,....
 I saw it....
 I can assure you ....
 It's crystal clear....
 It's quite true.
 It must be true.
 But you must admit that....

36 | P a g e
  But don't you agree that....
Here are the sentences'examples:
 I can guarantee that this radio is good.
 I tell you, this TV series is good.
 I saw it with my own eyes.
 It's crystal clear that this LED lamp is good.
 But you must admit that this painting is beautiful.
 But don't you agree that this exercise is so hard?

Analytical Exposition
a. Definition
Analytical exposition is a type of argumentative text. Its social function is to persuade the readers or
listeners that the idea is an important matter (good, bad, necessary, harmful, needs to be done, beneficial,
etc.)
b. Generic Structure of analytical Exposition
1) Thesis (introduction)
It introduces the topic (what the writer is talking about) and indicates the writer's position. Therefore,
this part should end with the expressions of reasoning or proving.
2) Arguments (body)
It contains several reasons, facts, examples, or statistics to support the writer's position.
3) Reiteration (conclusion)
It restates the writer's position that has been stated in the thesis or makes conclusion based on the
arguments.
c. Language Features of Analytical Exposition
1) Using relational process
Expressing a participant's condition and possession. Example: The cupboard looks strong because it has
two doors.
2) Using sequence connective adverbs
Elaborating and itemizing steps in an argument. Examples: Firstly, secondly, next, finally

3) Using causal conjunction

Explaining the cause of an event. Examples: Because, due to, since
4) Using contrastive conjunction Connecting contrastive sentences. Examples: but, nevertheless
5) Using Simple Present Tense
To explain something happening in the present time. Example: Bruno is a quiet boy.
6) Focusing on generic human and non-human participants. Examples: car, pollution, leaded petrol car.
7) Using abstract nouns. Examples: policy, rule.
8) Using modal verbs. Examples: must, can, should.

37 | P a g e
 9) Using modal adverbs. Example: certainly.
10) Using passive sentences. Examples: It is manufactured in Jakarta.

Analytical Exposition may appear in the form of:

 Poems
 Campaign posters
 Advertisements
Thé purpose is to persuade/convince the readers or listeners about certain issues with aspects like
facts, statistics, reasons, examples, or differentiation.

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
1. Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense is used to describe an action that is regular, true, or normal. We use the
present tense for:
a. Explaining repeated or regular actions in the present time period. Examples:
 I take the train to the office every Monday to Friday.
 The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
 John sleeps eight hours every night.
 I get up early every day.
 Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
 They travel to their country house every weekend.
b. Explaining facts. Examples:
 The President of the USA lives in the White House.
 Every dog has four legs.
 Rivers flow to the sea.
 We come from Switzerland.
 It rains a lot in winter.
 The Queen of England lives in the Buckingham Palace.
The examples below are the passive sentences of simple present tense form:
 Customers are served by waiters and waitresses.
 Her blood pressure is checked twice a year.
 Global warming is caused by the loss of forests.
2. Relational process
Relational Process is one type of process which is used to express a participant's condition and possession.
Here is a list of verbs showing relational process.
38 | P a g e
 a. To express a participant's condition:
be (is, am, be seem appear sound
are) (was, were)
look taste smell feel become
remain turn grow go run
come keep weigh stay cost
measure make realize denote indicate
refer to reflect portray function represent
b. To express a participant's possession:
have belong to possess lack need
deserve own feature boast contain
include exclude involve comprise consist of

3. Conjunctions in analytical exposition

a. Sequence connective adverbs
To elaborate and itemize steps In an argument. Examples: Firstly, secondly, next, finally
b. Causal conjunction
To express cause-effect relation. Examples: because, as, since, therefore
c. Contrastive conjunction
To chain contrastive sentences. Examples: but, nevertheless
4. Should
Should is used to express what the speaker thinks is right or the best thing to do. It expresses mild
obligation or advice. Examples:
 I should drink more water. (This is my opinion)
 You should drink more water. (I'm telling you what I think)
 Do you think we should stop here? (I'm asking you for your opinion)
Should can also be used to express negative advice. The negative form of should is shouldn't.
Examples:
 You shouldn't sit so close to the TV. It's bad for your eyes.
 You shouldn't go to school by driving a car.
Should also expresses the opinion of the speaker and Is often introduced by I think or I don't think.
Examples:
 I think politicians should listen more.
 I don't think people should get married until they are 25 years old.
Should can also be used to express logical probability. Examples:
 You should find this grammar book helpful.
 He should be here soon - he already left home at six.
 Granny should be staying with us for a couple of months.
 That should be nice.
 I should be able to beat him.
39 | P a g e
  Mount Everest should be visible from Tiger Hill If the sky's clear.
Note that should is not as strong as must. In questions, should is used to ask for advice or
instructions. Examples:
 It is cold here. Should I turn the heating on?
 What should we do now?
 Should I seek his opinion?
 Should we talk to him?
5. Conditional Sentences Type 2
It is often called the "unreal" conditional because It is used for expressing unreal, impossible, or
improbable situations. This type of conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It Is very
unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. The second conditional sentence form:
Conditional Result
If + Simple past, would + Infinitive
Here are some examples of second conditional:
 If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
The sentence above means that I would like to send an invitation to my friend. I have looked
everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now, I think it is rather unlikely that I will
eventually find her address.
 If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
The sentence above means that I know John doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris and he
would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he has the money to buy
one in the near future.

PRACTICE
FUNCTION- Analytical Exposition
1. Arrange the parts to make good sentences. Add punctuation where necessary.
1. the proposal/sUre/you/that/you/bring forward /Are/ought to
2. comfortable/agree/you/this/chair/is/that/ Don't
3. are/that/of/there/diseases/Don't/risks/ forget
4. Don't/think/approve/you/you/the budget/ should
5. admit/the major/you/that/But/incldent/ reported/yet/must/is not
6. assure/l/good/will/of/our/intention/you
7. that/needs/renewing/computer/crystal clear/lt's/your/system
8. about/the battery/What/cell phone/ changlng/your/of
9. What/colleagues/your/about/business
10. the membershlp/should/really/You/cancel
11. support/I/your/new idea/will
12. pain/You/go/to/heal/want/you/if/to the doctor/your/should

40 | P a g e
 13. wider/about/we/to/can/so/going/the museum/What/our knowledge
14. talk/should/You/your coordinator/to
15. this problem/are/for/handling/to/do/you/ going/How

2. Complete the table based on the following dialogs.

Dialog 1
Abdul : Hi, Cindy. How are you doing with your new business?
Cindy : Hi, Abdul. It's going well. I signed up two new clients last week, and now I have five in
total.
Abdul : Wow, five already. That's great!
Cindy : You really should join this profitable business.
Abdul : I'd prefer to focus on my studies.
Cindy : I can guarantee that this business will not disturb your studies.
Abdul : Well, let me think about it.
Cindy : Okay. I can assure you of my full support.
Dialog 2
Man : Hello? I read your advertisement on the Home Base website. Is a single room still
available?
Woman : Yes, it is. Do you want to see it?
Man : OK, but before I see it, I'd like a little more information. The advertisement said it is one
million Rupiahs for a month.
Woman : Yes. And the room is newly furnished. You really should rent it.
Man : I see.
Woman : Don't forget that it also includes a bathroom and electricity.

Dialog 1 Dialog 2
The topic of the dialog

The speakers' relationship

Sentences to persuade or convince

3. Fill in the banlks with the correct words in the box

due to well-being firstly finally
finish stressful several by the time
sedentary contributes conclusion engage

41 | P a g e
 Homework
The amount of homework, given to students, needs to be reduced for _____reasons. Time is
limited in many students' lives. At the same time, other students are showing alarming levels of
_____ sedentary lifestyles. Lastly, family disharmony has i. creased as a result of stressed parents,
trying to get their children to do their homework.
_____, time is limited. Many students don't arrive home until 6 p.m. This happens because
they have chosen to play sports which require a few hours training each week or they _____in
cultural activities, which are often taught afterschool. _____ they have finished dinner, showered,
and finished jobs until 8 p.m. If they have homework, then it is too late to start. Therefore, it is
fair to say there is not enough time after school to _____ quality homework.
On the other hand, research has found that many young people have high levels of obesity
because of their _____ lifestyles. Why must students sit still at night when they have been sitting
in classrooms all day. This is not good for their health and_____ to the high level of obesity seen
today.
. _____, homework places huge amounts of stress on already stressed-out families. In many
families, both parent are working and the last thing they need is to fight with their children about
homework at the end of a _____ day.
In _____, homework should be reduced. We must recognize that students' time is limited,
sedentary work contributes to the high levels of obesity and finally, homework can increase
family disharmony. The _____ of students is far more important than excessive amounts of
homework.
(Source: http^/englishforsma.com/homework-reading-practice-3-analyttcal-exposition/]

4. Arrange the sentences to make good texts.

 Text 1
The Importance of English
a. Secondly, English is also a key that opens doors to scientific and technical knowledge, which is
needed for the economic and political development of many countries in the world.
b. From the facts above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to face the global era.
c. I personally think that English is the most important language in the world. Why do I say that?
d. Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master active or
passive English are more favorable than those who do not.
e. Firstly, English is an international language. It IS spoken by many people all around the world,
either as a first or second language.
(Source: http://typeoftext.blogspot.co.id/2009/01/analytical-exposition.html)

 Text 2
a. There are lots of sports that children can play such as football, badminton, gymnastics, and
basketball. It doesn't matter what you like or where you live. There is a sport for everyone. You
won't have to complain about being bored.
b. Many children are getting obese and the way we live is making it worse. So, how can we help?
The best way is to get children of all ages to play sport.
c. Also, playing a team sport is great for children because they can make lots of new friends and
they can learn how to work together in a team and cooperate with each other. Children, who are
not interested in playing sports, don't have a chance for having fun and friendship.
d. It is obvious that all children should play sports. It helps them to make new friends, keep
healthy, and learn how to work with others. Playing a sport is fun and exciting and it is much
better than being bored at home.
e. Being active by playing sports is going to keep children strong, fit, and healthy. Growing
children need lots of daily exercise and the best way to do this is to play sports. 42 | P a g e
5. After arranging the previous texts (exercisenumber 4), read them again. Then, answer the following
questions.
Text 1
a. What is the main topic of text 1 ?
b. What kind of arguments does the writer present to support his/her opinion?
c. How many arguments does the writer present?
d. Mention all the arguments that the writer presents.
e. How does the writer end the text?
Text 2
a. What is the text about?
b. How does the writer restate his/her position?
c. Does the writer list the reasons, facts, examples, or statistics to support his/her position?
d. Mention two of them.
e. How does the writer end the text?

GRAMMAR
1. Complete the dialogs with the correct Simple Present Tense forms.
Dialog 1
Eva : Oh, no. The phone company disconnect my call again, right in the middle of the conversation!
I'm fed up with Z-Mobile!
Ruben : I (a) _____ (use) Rewired. I hardly ever get dropped long distance calls in the US and Canada
(b) ______ (be) free. Plus, I can choose four friends to talk with each month as long as I like.
Eva : Really? (c) _____ (you get) unlimited minutes with four people? How much (d) _____ (you
pay) each month?
Ruben : I (e) _____ (pay) a flat fee of $70 for up to 700 minutes, but you can choose pay-as-you-go
plans too. I really (f) _____ (like) Rewired. You should check it out.
Dialog 2
Shop assistant : All of our diamonds (a) _____ (be) the highest quality, sir. Our manager (b) _____
(hand-pick) them himself. Your wife will surely love them!
Mr. Harisson : They all (c) _____ (look) pretty, but I (d) _____ (not be) sure which kind of ring she'll
like. There (e) _____ (be) so many to choose from!
Shop assistant : Might I suggest shopping by price range, then. If you (f) _____ (tell) me your budget, I
can suggest a smaller range of options, and I'm sure you'll find something to your liking.

43 | P a g e
 Also, we (g) _____ (offer) a full money-back guarantee, so if your wife (h) _____
(not like) it or (i) _____ (want) to exchange, it's no problem.
Mr. Harisson : Oh OK, that (j) _____ (sound) let's see. I was hoping to spend no more than $400,
though I might be willing to go a little higher if I find a ring that really looks good.

Dialog 3
Rudi : Hi Beth. Have you decided what seminars to take-at the training sessions next week?
Beth : I've still got a lot of work to catch up on. Honestly, I (a) _____ (not see) how I'll be able to
squeeze it in.
Rudi : You (b) _____ (know) it's mandatory for all staff members, right? Why (c) _____ (you not sign
up) for an evening or weekend session if that (d) _____ (work) better for you?
Beth : I guess I'll have to. I (e) _____ (have) a lot of meetings with clients on weekdays.
2. Put the verbs into the correct Simple Present Tense forms.

Why Exercise Is Important

The majority of us (a) ______ (claim) that we (b) ______ (not have) time for exercise. We (c)
______ (feel) too busy to do that. However, many experts said that exercise (d) ______ (have) a great
role to keep us healthy.
Being physically active (e) ______ (offer) many
advantages. Exercise can reduce weight; then our body will become fitter. Exercise is also
believed to reduce stress levels, improve sleep patterns, and reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes
and some forms of cancer. Beside physical advantages, exercise also (f) ______ (bring) good effects
mentally. Due to the fitter body, exercise can make us feel refreshed and happy then we can increase
our life quality and expectancy.
How can we do exercise while we are busy? Actually, exercise can be done in simple ways. We
can (g) ______ (go) walking while shopping. In the office we can (h) ______ (take) stairs rather than
lifts to run up and down. Or we can (i) ______(go) cycling while enjoying our leisure time. Over all,
doing exercise (j)_____ (be) a little bit difficult with busy life but it will help you health better.

3. Put the verbs into the correct active or passive forms.

a. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world's
oxygen (produce) ______ there.
b. In my country, certain prices, such as the price of medical supplies, (control) ______ by the
government. Other prices (determine) ______ by how much consumers are willing to pay for a product.
c. Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose) ______ to extreme cold. It most frequently (affect)
______ the skin of the cheeks, chin, ears, fingers, nose, and toes.
d. The sun is just one of billions of stars in the universe. As it travels through space, it (circle) ______ by
many other celestial bodies. The nine known planets (hold) ______ in orbit by the sun's
gravitational field. The planets, in turn, (circle) ______ by their own satellites, or moons.
4. Rewrite the sentences using Conditional Type 2 forms.
a. I can’t drive. That’s why we can’t take the car
b. Those people speak very quickly. Perhaps that’s why I can’t understand them
c. I'm so slow when washing my clothes because I don't have a washing machine.
d. We don't have any matches, therefore we can't light a fire.
e. She is very shy; that's why she doesn't enjoy parties.
f. I can't get through the bathroom window because I'm fat.
44 | P a g e
 g. He doesn't work overtime, so he doesn't earn as much as I do.
h. I live a long way from school. That's why I am nearly late for school.
i. The price of vegetables is rising, that makes life difficult.
j. People drive very fast. That's why there are so many accidents.

UNIT 5
What is It Made of ?

OVERVIEW
EXPRESSIONS
Passive Forms
a. Definition
Passive form is a construction of text which object is usually put in the front. Examples:
 Flat glass is used in windows.
 Seattle is positioned between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains.
 Insects are considered dangerous animals
 Tsunami is caused by an earthquake affecting the seabed.

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
We use passive sentences (usually called as passive voice) when it is not important who or what does the action.
The formula:
Be + Verb with/ Past Participle
Be can be in any of its forms : am, is, are, was, were, has been, hav been, will be, must be.
Examples :
 am given
 is made
 are played
 I was built
 were helped
 has been turned off

FUNCTION – Learning Passive pattern

1. Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs in the correct passive forms.
clean sign
invite surround
examine change

45 | P a g e
 plant speak
fix invent

a. I ____________ to dinner by Mr. Harris.

b. The telephone ____________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
c. An island ____________ by water.
d. Our hotel room will ____________ soon.
e. The leaky faucet is going to ____________ by a plumber.
f. The sick child ____________ by a doctor.
g. Spanish ____________ by a large number of people.
h. Tomatoes should be____________ in the spring.
i. These reports must____________ by Mrs.Hook.
j. The flat tire was ____________ by Dino.
2. Change the following sentences or questions into passive forms.
a. The Government collects taxes.
b. Authors write books.
c. People have worn perfume since ancient times.
d. They will complete the new highway this year.
e. We are improving a new technique in dealing with air pollution.
f. They will restrict train services on Sunday because of engineering works.
g. If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin the negative.
h. You must write your application letter using ink, not pencil.
i. We haven't used renewable energy here
j. No one should wash wool sweaters in hot water.
k. We couldn't use the language lab yesterday because someone was fixing the equipment.
l. Don't postpone things you need to do. We should not do important work In the last minute
m. Do scientists do experiments?
n. Are the workers demolishing the apartment?
o. Has the director signed the contracts?
p. Can Mr. Jones translate the letter into German?
q. Are they going to feed the baby?
r. Have they sold their house?
s. How did he develop the solution to the problem?
t. Why is Peter painting the fence today?
3. Change all the sentences in the paragraphs into passive forms.
a. People have used ink for writing and drawing throughout history. No one knows when people
developed the first ink. The ancient Egyptians and Chinese made ink from various natural substances,

46 | P a g e
 such as berries, soot, and tree bark. Through the centuries, people have developed thousands of different
formulas for ink. People make most ink today from synthetic chemicals.
b. The main writing material of ancient times was papyrus. People used it in Egypt, Greece , and other
Mediterranean lands. They made parchment, another writing material that they widely used in ancient
times, from animal skin such as sheep and goats. After they removed the hair, they stretched and rubbed
the smooth skins so that they could write on them. The Chinese Invented paper, the main writing
material today.
c. The sun is just one of billions stars in the universe. As the sun travels through space, many other
celestial bodies circle it. The sun's gravitational field holds the eight known planets in orbit. The planets'
own satellites or moons, In turn, circle the planets.
4. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct passive forms.
a. To recycle glass, consumers throw glass into a recycle bin. Glass (take) ___________ from the bin and
(move) ___________to a glass treatment plant. The glass is (sort) ___________ by color and (wash).
___________ to remove any impurities. The glass is then (crush) ___________and (melt)___________
then (mold) ___________ into new products such as bottles and jars.
b. To make paper from trees, raw wood must first (turn) ___________into "pulp." Wood pulp is a watery
"soup" of cellulose wood fibers, lignin, water, and the chemicals used during the pulping process. Wood
can (turn) ___________ to pulp in a couple of different ways.
c. Plastics (make) ___________ from oil. Oil is a carbon-rich raw material, and plastics are large carbon-
containing compounds. They're large molecules called polymers, which (compose) ___________of
repeating units of shorter carbon containing compounds called monomers.

GRAMMAR
1. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct forms: active or passive.
How Mirrors are Made?
a. The first step in manufacturing any mirror is cutting the outline of the glass "blank" to suit the
application. If the mirror (be) ___________ for an automobile, for example, the glass will be cut out to
fit in the mirror mou "t on the car. Very hard, finely pointed blades (use) ___________ to do
the cutting. Diamond scribes or saws, sharp metal points with diamond dust embedded in them, are
often used because the diamond, will wear down the glass. Cutting (be) ___________ usually (do)
___________ before the metal coating (apply) ___________ because the coating may flake off the
glass as a result of the cut. An alternative for cutting the glass to form blanks (be) ___________ to
mold the glass ir, its molten state.
b. Blanks are then placed in optical grinding machines. The blank-filled base (place) ___________
against another metal plate with the desired surface shape: flat, convex, or concave. A grinding
compound, a gritty liquid, (spread) ___________ over the glass blanks as they (rub) ___________ or
rolled against the curved surface. Finer and finer grits are used until the surface is very smooth and
even.

47 | P a g e
 c. When the glass surfaces are shaped appropriately and polished to a smooth finish, they (coat)
___________ with whatever reflective material the designer has chosen. Regardless of the coating
material, it (apply) ___________ in an apparatus called an evaporator. The method of coating (create)
___________ very uniform and highly reflective surfaces.
d. Several evaporation steps are then combined to make a'multiple-layer coating. Clear dielectric
materials may (evaporate) ___________ on top of metal or other dielectrics to change the reflective or
mechanical properties of a surface. Mirrors with silvering on the back of the glass, for instance, often
(have) ___________ an opaque dielectric layer applied to improve the reflectivity and keep the metal
from scratching. One-way mirrors (be) ___________ the exception to this procedure, in which case
great care must be taken not to damage the thin metal coating.
e. Finally, when the proper coatings have been applied, the finished mirror (mount) ___________ in a
base or packed carefully in a shock resistant package for shipping.
Adapted from: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-UMkrdr.html
2. Change the verbs between brackets into the correct forms: active or passive.
a. A : Should I send the memos now?
B : No, that's OK, they (be) ______ already (send) ______ them.
A : I (want) ______ to help. Should I fix the printers?
B : No, don't worry. They're already (fix) ______
A : At least let me help you rearrange the books on the shelf.
B : No problem. They have already (rearrange) ______them.
b. A : Have you wrapped Mr. Hasan's farewell presents?
B : Yes, it (be) ______ already (wrap) ______
A : You (not forget) ______ order lunch boxes, did you?
B : I (order) ______ them from Sun catering two days ago.
A : Has the meeting room been decorated yet?
B : Of course it's already (decorate) ______ and all the invitations have (send) ______
c. A : How (be) ______ the patients now?
B : There haven't been any problems, Doctor.
A : Has Mr. Nelson's blood pressure been (take) ______?
B : Yes, It has and it (be) ______ lower than yesterday.
A : Has Mrs. Nia been given her medicine?
B : Yes, and she'll (give) ______ her second dose in an hour.
d. A : Has Diana been told about her sales presentation?
B : Yes, I (explain) ______ it all to her yesterday.
A : Is she ready with her presentation file?
B : The last parts (type) ______ now (send) ______ to my email address once done.
A : Make sure it is good. The session (open) ______ by the director tomorrow.
e. A : Can we leave soon? It's (be) ______ a long day.

48 | P a g e
 B : Yes, all the beds have been made.
A : Has the laundry been put away yet?
B : Yes, and all the dishes (do) ______
A : But the garbage (take) ______ out yet?
B : Oh, no. The garbage (not take) ______ out yet. I'll do it right away.

UNIT 6
Sincerely

OVERVIEW
EXPRESSIONS
Personal Letters
A personal letter is a type of letter which conveys personal messages between two or more close families,
friends, or relatives. Personal letters usually use the following words:
 Dear,
 Best wishes,
 We have lost contact for too long.
 It's been a long time since we last met.
 Give my regards to your sister.
 I look forward to hearing from you soon.
 Let me know as soon as possible.
 Hope to hear from you soon.
A. Personal ietters, also known as friendly letter and social notes, normally have five parts.
1. The heading
This includes the address, line by line, with the last line being the date. Skip a line after the heading.The
heading Is indented to the middle of the page. If using preaddressed stationery, add just the date.
2. The greeting
The greeting always ends with a comma. The greeting may be formal, beginning with the word "dear"
and using the person's given name or relationship, or it may be informal if appropriate.
3. The body
Also known as the main text or the content. This part includes the message that you want to write.
Normally in a friendly letter, the beginning of paragraphs is indented. If not indented, be sure to skip a
space between paragraphs. Skip a line after the greeting and before the close.
4. The complimentary close
This short expression is always a few words on a single line. It ends in a comma. It should be indented
to the same column as the heading. Skip one to three spaces (two is usual) for the signature line.
5. The signature line

49 | P a g e
 Type or print your name. The handwritten signature goes above this line and below the close.The
signature line and the handwritten signature are indented to the same column as the close. The signature
should be written in blue or black Ink. If the letter is quite informal, you may omit the signature line as
long as you sign the letter.
6. Postscript
If your letter contains a postscript, begin it with P.S. and end It with your initials. Skip a line after the
signature line to begin the postscript.

B. What can I write about in a personal letter?

Personal letters can be written conversationally. They can be about whatever you wish. There are no
rules for what you can and cannot talk about, although you should always be kind. Here are some
suggestions that you might find helpful:
 Updates about school, hobbies or your sports team.
 News about friends, family or your pets.
 What has been happening in your street, town or city.
 Holidays, birthdays, school camps, achievements, anything you think is special or exciting and would
like to share.
 A funny joke you have heard, a good movie you have seen, a fun game you played, or your favorite
song, are all great things to write about.
 Anything new. A good idea is to think about the last time you saw the person you are writing to. This
will make it easier for you to tell them about new things that have happened since the last time you saw
them.
 Remember to ask the perscr, you are writing to about what they have been doing and what has been
happening in their life.

C. Are there different types of personal letters?

There are many different types of personal letters. Here are a few that you might have heard of:
 Pen pal
A pen pal is someone vou communicate with by sending letters regularly.
 Fan mail
You write fan mail to someone you idoiize or admire. You might choose to write to a famous actor,
rock star, author, or sports hero.
 Love
You can write a love letter to someone whom you love or care about. In this letter, you express feelings
of affection and romance.
 Farewell

50 | P a g e
 In a farewell letter, you would say goodbye and good luck to someone who is moving interstate or
overseas, or changing schools.
 Get well
You send a get well letter to wish someone a speedy recovery from his/her illness.
 Condolence
In a condolence letter, you show sympathy, usually for the death of someone close to the recipient. You
might wish them strength through their grief, say you are sorry for their loss, or share fond memories of
the person they have lost.
 Congratulations
You would send this letter to congratulate someone on a birth, wedding, achievement, or award.
 Thank you
When you write a thank you letter, you are showing your appreciation to someone. Perhaps they invited
you to their birthday party, gave you a thoughtful gift, or did you a favor. This is less formal than an
appreciation letter. This type of letter would be sent to a friend or family member.
 Holiday / Celebration
Your holiday letter could celebrate a birthday, Christmas, New Year, or any other special event.
Notes
 Make sure that your spelling is correct and there are no grammatical errors. Proofread your letter before
you send it.
 If you know your handwriting is a bit on the messy side, you can print out an address label to stick on
your envelope, or ask an adult or friend with heat handwriting to write the address for you

ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses
Do you still remember the use of Simple Present, Simple Past, and Present Perfect Tenses?
1. Simple Present Tense is used to express:
a. present feelings and senses.
Examples:
- That is nice of you to send me the card.
- You always look fabulous.
b. habitual actions
Examples:
- We go to holiday resorts once a year.
- The group gives donations to the charity.
c. general truth Examples:
- I come from Bali.
- My sister studies at Nusantara Vocational School.
Letters s or es are used if the subjects are singular (he/ she/ it).

51 | P a g e
 Examples:
- Red looks good on you.
- Rudi confirms that her sister is ill.
The negative and interrogative forms are with auxiliary verbs do or does. Examples:
- She doesn't speak Indonesian.
- Why do you support this cause?
2. Simple Past is used to describe something that happened at a specific time in the past.
Examples:
- I saw Elsa and her brother Rudi in the grocery store yesterday.
- While I was making one of my favorite recipes toaay, crispy fried chicken, i was reminded of who the
original creator of this marvelous recipe was.
Remember to use verbs with past forms, either the regular or irregular ones. The negative and interrogative
forms are used with the auxiliary verb did. Examples:
- They watched our performance last Saturday.
- I completely forgot your birthday. We did not know that you father passed away last week.
- Did I leave a pair of jeans behind in my bedroom?
3. Present Perfect Tense is used to describe something that happened at a non-specific time in the past.
Examples:
- We have lost contact for too long.
- It's been a long time since we last met.
Past Perfect Tense uses the auxiliary verbs have or has, followed by the past participle form of the verbs.
The negative is formed by adding the word not after the auxiliary verbs have or has. The interrogative uses
auxiliary verbs have or has as well.
Examples:
- She hasn't informed us about the charity event.
- Have you decided to give the party a Balinese theme?

PRACTICE
FUNCTION - Understanding parts of the letter
1. Identify the parts of the following letter.

52 | P a g e
 Signature ( ) Date ( )
Body ( ) Postscript ( )
Complimentary close ( ) Address ( )
Greeting ( )
2. Arrange the jumbled sentences and phrases into a meaningful personal letter.
a. Tania

b. Love,

c. Hello Bagas,

d. Please inbox me when the package is there. I look forward to hearing good
news from you.

e. July 20th, 2017

f. We'd like to send some jackets and s< for the children in your town. I've
already I asked my Facebook friends to dc some money to help
Bangladeshi chil too. I hope those donations can help the cute children.

g. Graha Asri V No. 67

Jakarta

h. Thank you for your letter of June 11". I am very pleased to read that you
and , family are fine in spite of the big flood sweeping your town. My heart
goes to the fifteen victims of the flood. May they rest in peace.

3. Rearrange the following jumbled statements and phrases into two meaningful personal letters.
Letter 1

The people here are very nice and friendly. I like that. However I am not accustomed to the food yet. I
hope to become accustomed soon. I miss you, Mother, and Father. Please write me when you can.
Greetings for everybody there.
Hi! How are you doing? I hope you and your family are fine. I am writing this letter for you In my
apartment. I want to tell you about my activities in the last few days. I get up at 6 a.m. every53
day.
| PMy
age
Korean classes begin at 8.15 a.m., and they finish at 2.30 p.m. I feel so happy because I am learning a
lot of Korean. My teachers are nice and very friendly. My listening and speaking teacher is Korean. She
is from Seoul. I am very proud of her because she is a great teacher.
 August 20th, 2017

Big love for a lovely sister,

Romeo

Dear sister,

Last weekend I went to the Infinite concert in Seoul. I met with my friends Soo Hyeon, Jo Seong and
Dong Kook there. Soo Hyepnsends you greetings. Wo really enjoyed the concert. It, was terrific. On
Saturday, we went to the banks of the Han River and cycled all morning. It was very exciting. On
Sunday, we went to Gyeongbok Palace in northern Seoul. There I saw some different rooms and a
beautiful large garden with a lake and its small island In the afternoon I came back to my apartment

Letter 2
Love,
Andrea

My apartment is on University Ave. You xan ride bus 15 to Provo and then you can see a big signboard
for Denny's. The next block is University Ave. My apartment number is 148, you can find it very
easyly. If you have any questions, you can call me at 370-2123. i hope you have a good day. Good
Luck with your studies, Lala!

May 10th, 2017

How are you today? Is everything alright? I am writing this letter because I don't know your phone
number. I'm very well here, the weather is very cold as it's snowing. Next week, my friends and I will
go skiing. Do you want to go skiing with us? If you want to, please let me know. We've decided to
gather at my apartment, so I'll give you my apartment's map.

Dear Lala,

4. Read the letter and then answer the questions.

Dear Elliana,

I just wanted to say 'Happy Birthday' to my little princess. I know, everything is princess for you right now.
Pink room, pink shoes, and little pink dresses.

I love the way you twirl to show off your new Sofia first dress. It's your birthday, and I just wanted you to
know that you'll always be my little princess. The time will go fast for us and It is my prayer that you'll be
as happy as I am when you get older.

There will be times when you stumble and fail. Ii happens to everybody. But remember, I'll always be
there, ready to help you find your way again when you need a guiding hand.
54 | P a g e
 I pray that you will someday find someone who makes you truly happy and makes you never stop laughing.

I hope you will always be p.oud of your accomplishments, just like the watercolor painting of the bird you
made yesterday. Of course, it's the most beautiful bird I've ever seen.

I want you to always be proud of your blessing and never forget to realize how blessed you really are, just
like last night when we watched you blow out your birthday candles.

Please remember that it's not important to be super-popular. It's not necessary to be liked by everyone.
Please know that you're enough.

When hardships come your way, lean on God like your life depends on it. It really does.

I hope you remember that every night when I tuck you into your bed and say "I love you", it's because I
really mean it and always will.

I hope you always remember that real beauty is not In make-up, the latest fashions, end accessories. It's
within you.

I hope you always remember that you are worth waiting for and to never give into pressure, even if
everyone else is doing it.

You are one of the most amazing gifts to me. I will always be your incredibly proud and ever grateful
father. I love you, Ellie.

Love,
Father
(Source: kikn.com/letter-to-my-daughter-on-her~birthday)

Questions:
a. Who wrote the letter? ,
b. To whom is the letter sent?
c. Why did he write the letter?
d. What does he hope?
e. What advice does he give?

GRAMMAR
1. Put the verbs into the correct Simple Present forms.
Dear Dr. Mario,
I'd like to thank you for talking with me about the research assistant position in your seismology
lab. I truly (a) _____ (appreaciate) your words in telling me about the job.
I (b) _____ (be) eager to bring my passion for seismology to the research assistant position, and I
am convinced that the knowledge and experience I've already cultivated make me the best researcher
for the job.
I very much (c) _____ (look) forward to hearing your decision soon. Please feel free to contact
me if you need more information about my qualifications. Thank you again for the exhilarating
interview.

Sincerely,
Robert Zayn

2. Put the verbs into the correct Simple past forms.

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 Dear Mitha,
How was your holiday? I (a) _____ (spend) my holiday at my grandmother's house. We (b) _____ (arrive)
early in the morning. A couple of hours later we (c) _____ (go) to the nearby beach. When we (d) _____
(come) home, my dad (e) _____ (cook) some delicious food. We (f) _____ (spend) the next three days
swimming and surfing. In the evening, we usually (g) _____ (sit) together talking and singing. It (h) _____
(rain) in the evening, so we (i) _____ (notgo) out much. We (j) _____ (go) to bed earlier so that we
could wake up earlier as well. Hope to hear from you soon.
Love,
Sarah
3. Put the verbs into the correct Present Perfect forms.
Dear Gerry Kang,
I know your time with Global Telecom is growing short, so I wanted to take this oooortunitv to bid vou a
fond farewell. Your employment here at Global Telecom (a) _____ (be) productive, particularly with the
TELUS Consultancy Project. The project (b) _____ (run). The workers (c) _____ (understand) the SOP
and (d) _____ (do) their tasks properly.
Our prospective clients (e) _____ responses. I appreciate your efforts over these two years and I know the
company has lost a valuable asset. I wish you nothing but luck in your future endeavors, and I hope you
will continue to stay in touch to let us know where you land next.
Sincerely,
Robert Wong

ENRICHMENT
LISTENING
Questions - Responses
You will hear a question or statement spoken in English. You will hear the question or the statement TWICE. In
your test book, you will read three responses. You are to choose the best response to each question or statement.
1. A. I'm not sure whether I'll go.
B. Yes, let's go together.
C. I love this rainy day.
2. A. Yes, I'm tired of driving all the time.
B. The buses are all working.
C. Let's take a walk in the rain.
3. A. Yes, I miss him very much.
B. Yes, he had a doctor's appointment.
C. Yes, it was happening yesterday.
4. A. No, but I'll call the airline now.
B. Yes, I found it on the desk.
C. I'll get it in a light color.
5. A. Yes, though not at this location.
B. Not that I know of.
C. No, I don't have it.
6. A. I've run out of staples and paper.
B. Yes, they should arrive tomorrow.
C. No, I had to pay for them on my own.
7. A. No, it wasn't a staff meeting.

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 B. Yes, he gave everyone a present.
C. No, he didn't attend.
8. A. Do you want to eat somewhere else?
B. I always have the same thing for lunch.
C. I used to skip my lunch, didn't I?
9. A. He’s a doctor
B. He’s leaving early
C. He lives in a nice neighborhood
10. A. It’s on my desk
B. He turned the report in yesterday
C. I’m going to type a letter

Short Conversations
In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations. You will hear the conversations TWICE. The
conversations will not be printed In your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers
say. In your test book, you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed by four
answers. You have to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer sheet.
11. How often has the man tried to call?
A. Once.
B. One more time.
C. Every five minutes.
D. Every hour.
12. What does the man always get?
A. Time zone
B. New phone numbers.
C. Busy signal.
D. An hour glass.
13. What are the speakers doing?
A. Getting on the bus.
B. Waiting for a bus.
C. Taking a taxi.
D. Paying a fare.
14. How often do the buses come?
A. In fifteen minutes.
B. Every twenty minutes.
C. Five minutes more.
D. Once in twelve minutes.
15. When did the woman visit her uncle?
A. A long time ago.
B. I ast week.
C. Yesterday.
D. This morning.
16. How long has her uncle been hospitalized?
A. Since last night.

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 B. Since last week.
C. For a long time.
D. For seven days.
17. What is the man looking for ?
A. His books
B. The woman’s office
C. The classroom
D. A desk
18. Where did the man try to find his missing things?
A. Here and there.
B. At the woman's office.
C. On the bookshelf.
D. Nowhere.
19. Who is giving advice?
A. A doctor.
B. A waiter.
C. An exercise coach.
D. An athlete.
20. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. To eat more and exercise less.
B. To eat less and exercise more.
C. To eat more and exercise more.
D. To eat less and exercise less.

Incomplete Letters
In this part of the test, you will hear several incomplete letters spoken in English. You will hear them TWICE.
In your test paper, you will read the incomplete letters, marked by blanks. You have to choose the best answer
A, B, C or D to complete the letters and mark it on your answer sheet. ~
Letter 1
Your (21) _______ told me that you took a big tumble on your bike yesterday and (22) _______ yourself. I'm
sorry that you are not feeling well. I'm glad you were wearing your helmet so you're net really hurt much. I'm
going to remind everyone I 23) _______to always wear a helmet. I brought you some new bicycle (24) _______
to match your bike when you are ready to ride on it. Remember to do just what the doctor (25) _______ and
you'll be riding around again in no time!
21. A. brother
B. sister
C. father
D. mother
22. A. hurt
B. dirt

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 C. hut
D. girt
23. A. now
B. saw
C. know
D. show
24. A. Shoves
B. gloves
C. doves
D. loves
25. A. ways
B. says
C. place
D. trace
Letter 2
Congratulations on (26) _______you degree! I have heard that the (27) _______ is one of the.toughest at the
University and I am (28) _______ impressed with you for sticking with it. Your commitment to using your
training to improve urban life is commendable. Don't lose your vision!
Please let me know when you begin your job (29) _______. Although I can't offer you a job, I have connections
with several (30) _______ who may be interested. Good luck in beginning your new career!
26. A. receiving
B. completing
C. achieving
D. deleting
27. A. physician
B. physicist
C. physics
D. physical
28. A. quick
B. quiet
C. quit
D. quite
29. A. seat
B. assert
C. search
D. offer
30. A. matters
B. potters

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 C. fosters
D. others
Letter 3
Your letter (31) _______ me that will ressive the Community Servic accept thisaward.Asj I will (32) _______
at the May 2nd, at 8 p.m. I will prepa of me for your introductior to you within the week. 1 would also like to
cdme (34) _______ with handouts to encourage other. Springfield residents to get involved. Once again, I am
(35) _______ honored bythis recognition and am looking forward to this event.
31. A. explaining
B. informed
C. concluding
D. enclosing
32. A. present
B. absent
C. descent
D. accent
33. A. mail
B. email
C. airmail
D. blackmail
34. A. preserved
B. prescribed
C. prepaid
D. prepared
35. A. similarly
B. skillfully
C. sincerely
D. seriously
READING
Read the following texts and then choose the best answer: A, B, C or D.
Letter 1
Dear Andhita,
I know that you are having surgery soon. I will be praying that the surgeon's hands are guided to
accomplish the precise procedure they need to do.
I am looking forward to hearing about your recovery in the coming days and visiting you as you start
feeling better. Let me know how I can help you while you are getting better.
Sincerely,
Nirwa'na
36. What is the relationship between the sender and the addressee?

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 A. A surgeon and a patient.
B. A visitor and a host.
C. Friends.
D. Doctors.
37. Which one is NOT Nirvvana's hopes?
A. The surgery Is accomplished.
B. Andhita's recovery is fast.
C. Nirwana can visit Andhita.
D. Nirwana knows how to help Andhita.
38. What do the words 'you' in paragraph 1, 2, 3, and 4 refer to?
A. Andhita.
B. Nirwana.
C. The surgeon.
D. Anyone.
39. What does Nirwana offer?
A. A special prayer.
B. A good surgeon.
C. A full recovery.
D. Generous help.
Letter 2
Dear Rudi Hartono,
Hello! I'm a fourteen-year-old boy from Surabaya. I am a very big fan of yours. I hope that you and your
family are doing well. It's been really hot these days and I think it's better if we all stayed inside.
It's too bad that the last season, your team did not go to the FIFA Word Cup Indonesia U-19.1 hope that
you will have a good season and win many games. I plan to wear my special lucky jersey when football season
starts. I wish I could send It to you for you to sign, but my friends said that you might forget about it. They said
that you will get a ton of letters from people all over Indonesia and don't have the time to write them back.
I wish you the best of luck. I know you are the best striker in the championship. I hope that when you read
my letter, it will make you happy to think about Surabaya.
I'm sending a small card for you to sign and an envelope with my address for when you send it back. I hope
you write back, but if not, it's okay. I'm just happy you got to read my letter.
Sincerely,
Dimas
40. What kind of letter is this?
A. Pen pal.
B. Fan mail.
C. Condolence.
D. Congratulations.

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41. What is the relationship between Rudi Hartono and Dimas?
A. An athlete and a fan.
B. A father and his boy.
C. Family members.
D. Quarterbacks.
42. What Is Rudi Hartono's occupation?
A. A teenager counselor.
B. A game designer.
C. A football player.
D. A letter writer.
43. What does Dimas enclose in his letter?
A. A striker and a player.
B. A small card and an envelope.
C. His special lucky jersey.
D. A ton of fan letters.
Letter 3
Hello Shinta,
My name is Regina and I found your name and email address at Kids Pen Pals from The Youth Online
Club. I am from Canada ana I am very interested in becoming your pen pal.
I am 15 years old and in grade 9. My favorite subject is science. I have been listening to K-Pop a lot
lately. I am a big fan of super hero action movies and my favorite movie is Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Have
you ever seen that movie?
I belong to the Girl Guides and enjoy camping. I see that you are a Girl Guide too. Are you enjoying
being a Girl Guide? Does your troop camp a lot? I am looking forward to hearing from you and becoming
friends.

Your new friend,

Regina
44. What kind of letter is this?
A. Pen pal.
B. Thank you
C. Fan mail
D. Love letter.
45. Which topic is NOT written about in this letter?
A. School.
B. Hobbies.
C. Groups.
D. Religion.

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46. What do the words T in Paragraph 1, 2, and 3 refer to?
A. Shinta.
B. Regina.
C. The K-Pop singer.
D. The Girl Guide.
47. Which part of the letter means 'lam expecting your reply'?
A. "I am very interested in becoming your pen pal...."
B. “...at Kids Pen Pals from The Youth Online Club
C. “Are you enjoying being a Girl Guide?”
D. “I am looking forward to hearing from you and becoming friends”
Letter 4
Dear Yola,
I just learned of the four-year scholarship you received from Doe University. Congratulations!
Your grandmother and I have watched you struggle by balancing your part-time job and your studies and
have triumphed With you as you maintained that 3.9 grade point average. We know you will enjoy your
advanced studies. We're so proud!
Please accept this gift with our best w!shes for your bright future.
Love,
Grandpa
48. What is the purpose of the letter?
A. To offer a scholarship.
B. To congratulate someone.
C. To accept a part-time job.
D. To give a gift and wishes.
49. Which one is NOT the nrandfather's reason to be proud of his granddaughter?
A. Because of his granddaughter's job.
B. Because of her good grade point average
C. Because of his granddaughter's bright future.
D. Because of the prospect of advanced studies.
50. How long is Yola's scholarship?
A. One year.
B. Two years.
C. Three years.
D. Four years.
51. What does Yola's grandfather send?
A. A letter and a gift.
B. A gift and a wish.
C. A gift and a letter.

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 D. A wish and a letter.
Letter 5
Dear Ms. Nia Dinata,
I personally wanted to let you know how gratifying it was to receive your kind note of support and
encouragement. Coming as it did from someone all too familiar with just how taxing a campaign can be, it
meant all the more to me.
I have taken the liberty of sharing your kind words with the other members of our fundraising committee,
the real movers and shakers in this enormous effort. Your words were visibly heartening to them. They, as much
as i, deeply appreciate your endorsement and promise of future assistance.
Again, please accept my sincere thanks. I look forward to future collaboration with you.
Sincerely,
Dhita Sastrowardoyo

52. What is the purpose of the letter?

A. To inform something.
B. To praise someone.
C. To thank someone.
D. To endorse something.
53. What does the word gratifying in paragraph mean?
A. Annoying.
B. Pleasing.
C. Interesting.
D. Terrifying
54. What can be concluded about Dhita Sastrowardoyo?
A. She campaigns for taxes.
B. She is familiar with Ms. Dinata.
C. She is just a member.
D. She is a fundraiser.
55. What does Dhita hope?
A. A tax consultant.
B. A future collaboration.
C. A product endorsement.
D. A fundraising committee.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Darmanto, Priyono. 2019. English SMK/MAK A Grade XI. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara

Lande, Shyla K. And Astuti, Eka Mulya. 2019. Forward an English Course for Vocational School
Students Grade XI. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

Kurniawan, Eri. 2008. Communication Builder XI: Jakarta. Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan

Seaton, Anne. 2007. Basic English Grammar: Singapore. Saddle Back Educational Publishing

Pramesti, Maria Regina.2008. English for SMK XI: Jakarta. Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan
Nasional

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