MATHEMATICS – PLANE GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

Geometry (from the Ancient Greek: geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a o GENERAL QUADRILATERAL
branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative
position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in
the field of geometry is called a geometer.

o TRIANGLE

A= s − a s − b s − c s − d − abcdcos2 θ

s = (a + b + c + d)/2
∠A + ∠C ∠B + ∠D
θ= =
Area = 1/2bh = 1/2absinθ 2 2

Area = 𝑠 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠−𝑏 𝑠−𝑐

s = (a + b + c)/2 o CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL

o SQUARE

Perimeter, P = 4s
Area, A = s2
Diagonal, d = a 2

o RECTANGLE 𝐴𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑 = s−a s−b s−c s−d

d1 d2 = ac + bd
Perimeter, P = 2(a + b)
Area, A = ab 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝑑 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐
Diagonal, d = a2 + b 2 𝑟=
4𝐴𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑

o PARALLELOGRAM
o PARABOLIC SEGMENT

Area, A = absinA
Area, A= 1/2d1d2sinθ A = 2/3bh

o ELLIPSE
o RHOMBUS

A = πab
2
Area = a sinA a2 +b2
Area = 1/2d1d2 P = 2π
2

o CIRCLE
TRAPEZOID
C = 2πr = πD
Area = 1/2(a + b)(h) A = πr2 = π/4D2

o SECTOR OF A CIRCLE

A = 1/2θr2
P = 2r + rθ
MATHEMATICS – PLANE GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

o SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE o Sum of exterior angles

The sum of exterior angles β is equal to 360°.
∑ = 360°
Asmall segment = r 2 θ − sinθ
2 o Number of diagonals, D
The diagonal of a polygon is the line segment joining two non-adjacent sides.
The number of diagonals is given by: D = n(n – 3 )/2
Abig segment = r 2 2π − θ + sinθ
2
REGULAR POLYGONS
θ in radians Polygons whose sides are equal are called equilateral polygons. Polygons with equal
interior angles are called equiangular polygons. Polygons that are both equilateral and
equiangular are called regular polygons. The area of a regular polygon can be found by
considering one segment, which has the form of an isosceles triangle.
THEOREMS ON CIRCLE
o Peripheral Angle Theorem
=
2
*Peripheral angle is half its corresponding central angle

o Cross-Chord Theorem
AO BO = CO DO
AD + CB
=
2
o Secant-Secant Theorem
x = side
AO BO = CO DO
= angle subtended by the side from the center
AC − BD R = radius of circumscribing circle
= r = radius of inscribed circle, also called the apothem
2
n = number of sides
o Tangent-Secant Theorem
TO TO = AO BO θ = 360° / n
Area, A = ½ R2 sin θ × n = ½ x r × n
A− B Perimeter, P = n × x
=
2 Interior angle = (n – 2) × 180°/n
Exterior angle = 360° / n
o Tangent-Tangent Theorem
AO = BO
+ = RADIUS OF CIRCLES
Circle circumscribed about a triangle (Cicumcircle)
POLYGONS A circle is circumscribed about a triangle if it passes through the vertices of the triangle.
There are two basic types of polygons, a convex and a concave polygon. A convex
polygon is one in which no side, when extended, will pass inside the polygon, otherwise it
called concave polygon. The following figure is a convex polygon.
abc
r=
4AT

Circle inscribed in a triangle (Incircle)

A circle is inscribed in a triangle if it is tangent to the three sides of the triangle.

AT
r=
s
Polygons are classified according to the number of sides. The following are some names
of polygons. s = (a + b + c)/2
3 sides = triangle
4 sides = quadrangle or quadrilateral
5 sides = pentagon
6 sides = hexagon
7 sides = heptagon or septagon
8 sides = octagon Circles escribed about a triangle
9 sides = nonagon (Excircles)
10 sides = decagon A circle is escribed about a triangle if it is tangent to one side and to the prolongation of
11 sides = undecagon the other two sides. A triangle has three escribed circles.
12 sides = dodecagon
15 sides = quindecagon
16 sides = hexadecagon
A A A
𝑟𝑎 = ;𝑟 = ;𝑟 =
s−a 𝑏 s−b 𝑐 s−c
o Sum of interior angles
The sum of interior angles θ of a polygon of n sides is:
Sum, ∑ = (n – 2) × 180°
MATHEMATICS – PLANE GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

14. Find the length of the common internal tangents to two circles of radii 14 cm and
SAMPLE PROBLEMS 22 cm if the distance between their centers is 56 cm.
A. 30.75 cm C. 33.87 cm
SQUARE B. 42.90 cm D. 47.31 cm
1. A piece of wire 72 cm long is cut into two unequal parts. Each part is bent to form
a square. If the total area of the two squares formed is 164 cm 2, find the SECTOR OF A CIRCLE
difference in lengths of the two parts. 15. A sector of a circle has a radius of 12 cm and a central angle of 53°. Find the
A. 12 cm C. 10 cm area and the length of the arc of the sector.
B. 8 cm D. 2 cm A. 11.10 cm2 and 66.60 cm C. 22.20 cm2 and 55.50 cm
B. 66.60 cm2 and 11.10 cm D. 55.50 cm2 and 22.20 cm
2. The distances from a point inside a square to its vertices are 3 m, 4 m, and 5 m,
consecutively. Find the area of the square. 16. A circle with a radius of 4 cm is inscribed in a circular sector with a central angle
A. 29.16 m2 C. 31.97 m2 of 80°. Find the area of the sector.
B. 33.41 m2 D. 35.05 m2 A. 81.42 cm2 C. 72.96 cm2
B. 69.24 cm2 D. 58.56 cm2
RECTANGLE
3. A triangle was cut from every corner of a square with a 28-cm side to form a SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
rectangle whose length is twice its width. Find the area of the rectangle. 17. Find the area of the segment of a circle having a radius of 12 m and a central
A. 174.33 cm2 C. 226.48 cm2 angle of 72°.
B. 330.51 cm2 D. 348.44 cm2 A. 12.70 m2 C. 18.13 m2
B. 22.00 m2 D. 25.33 m2
PARALLELOGRAM
4. Two sides of a parallelogram are 68 cm and 83 cm and one of the diagonals is 42 18. A circle having an area of 452 cm2 is cut into two segments by a chord 6 m from
cm. Solve for the largest interior angle of the parallelogram. the center of the circle. Find the area of the larger segment.
A. 149.73° C. 156.28° A. 363.69 cm2 C. 325.80 cm2
B. 162.36° D. 174.14° B. 316.17 cm D. 291.95 cm

5. Two sides of a parallelogram are 22 m and 12 m respectively. If one diagonal is THEOREMS ON CIRCLE
28 m long, find the length of the other diagonal.
Peripheral Angle Theorem
A. 23.43 m C. 21.73 m
19. Two chords of a circle AB and BC intersect at an angle of 38°. Find the central
B. 14.76 m D. 17.97 m
angle of arc AC.
A. 114° C. 76°
RHOMBUS
B. 57° D. 19°
6. Each side of a rhombus is 72 cm. Find the area of the rhombus if one of its
interior angles measures 147°.
20. Two chords of a circle measure AB = 10 cm and BC = 16 cm. If the angle
A. 2823.41 cm2 C. 2491.60 cm2
between the chords is 130°, find the radius of the circle.
B. 1714.11 cm2 D. 1239.05 cm2
A. 14.57 cm C. 15.47 cm
B. 17.54 cm D. 18.47 cm
7. The area of a rhombus is 132 m2. If it has one diagonal which measures 12 m,
find the measure of the acute angle between its sides.
Cross-Chord Theorem
A. 46.42° C. 48.42°
21. Two chords of a circle AC and BD intersect at point O inside the circle. If the
B. 51.22° D. 57.22°
central angles of arcs AB and CD are 50° and 140°, respectively, find one of the
angles of intersection of the two chords.
TRAPEZOID
A. 185° C. 110°
8. A trapezoid has area of 36 m2 and an altitude of 2 m. Its two bases have ratio of
B. 95° D. 55°
4:5. Find the lengths of the bases.
A. 16 m & 20 m C. 8 m & 10 m
Secant-Secant Theorem
B. 12 m & 15 m D. 10 m & 14 m
22. Two secants AC = 80 m and AE = 100 m are drawn from point A outside a circle
and intersect the circle at B, C and E, D. The angle between the two secants is
GENERAL QUADRILATERAL
25°. Find the area of the quadrilateral BCED inscribed in the circle if AB = 40 m.
9. A quadrilateral ABCD has sides AB = 17 m, BC = 25 m, CD = 23 m, and DA = 19
A. 1420 m2 C. 1385 m2
m. If mBAD = 49°, find the area of the quadrilateral. B. 1260 m2 D. 1145 m2
A. 250.39 m2 C. 276.18 m2
B. 291.75 m2 D. 310.07 m2 Tangent-Secant Theorem
23. A road is tangent to a circular lake. Along the road and 12 miles from the point of
CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL tangency, another road opens towards the lake. From the intersection of the two
10. A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. Its sides are 13 m, 21 m, 32 m, and roads to the periphery of the lake, the length of the new road is 11 miles. If the
18 m, consecutively. Find the area of the quadrilateral. new road will be prolonged across the lake, find the length of the bridge to be
A. 402.67 m2 C. 382.31 m2 constructed.
B. 350.76 m2 D. 333.31 m2 A. 1.92 miles C. 2.09 miles
B. 2.13 miles D. 2.17 miles
11. The sides of a cyclic quadrilateral measure 12.18 m, 8.42 m, 16.69 m, and 13.04
m, consecutively. Find the product of its diagonals. Tangent-Tangent Theorem
A. 219.11 m2 C. 323.84 m2 24. Two tangents OA and OB to a circle intersect at point O. If the area of the smaller
B. 283.76 m2 D. 313.08 m2 sector intercepted by the arc AB is 40% the area of the circle, find the measure of
AOB.
CIRCLE
A. 32.91° C. 36.00°
12. A chord measuring 1.25 m is 0.65 m from the center of the circle. Find the area of
B. 38.02° D. 39.65°
the circle.
A. 6.24 m2 C. 5.69 m2
POLYGONS
B. 4.34 m2 D. 2.55 m2
25. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a decagon is equal to:
A. 1440° C. 1620°
13. A circle having an area of 50.30 cm2 is tangent to two perpendicular lines. A
B. 1800° D. 1980°
smaller circle is drawn tangent to the given circle and to the lines. Find the area
of the smaller circle.
26. A polygon has 104 diagonals. How many sides does it have?
A. 0.74 cm2 C. 0.92 cm2
A. 13 C. 14
B. 1.48 cm2 D. 1.84 cm2
B. 15 D. 16
MATHEMATICS – PLANE GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

27. Find the number of lines that can be drawn from the vertices of a pentagon. 10. The sides of a triangle ABC measure AB = 18 m, BC = 10 m, and
A. 5 C. 10 CA = 22 m. Find the area of the triangle formed by the three mid-
B. 15 D. 20 segments.
A. 17.75 m2 C. 22.19 m2
REGULAR POLYGONS B. 29.85 m2 D. 43.47 m2
28. A regular octagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 units. Find the area of the
octagon. 11. The sides of a triangle measure 18 cm, 24 cm, and 36 cm. Find
A. 282.84 C. 324.69 the length of the median to the longest side of the triangle.
B. 124.51 D. 567.32 A. 14.19 cm C. 13.67 cm
B. 12.80 cm D. 11.22 cm
29. A circle is inscribed in a hexagon. If the area of the circle is 78.54 cm 2, find the
area between the circle and the hexagon. 12. The sides of a triangle ABC measure AB = 51 cm, BC = 25 cm,
A. 8.42 cm2 C. 8.06 cm2 and CA = 47 cm. Find the distance from the intersection of the
B. 7.96 cm2 D. 6.86 cm2 medians to the midpoint of side CA.
A. 15.81 cm C. 13.29 cm
30. Find the difference between the radii of two circles if one is circumscribed about B. 10.86 cm D. 9.32 cm
while the other is inscribed in a regular dodecagon whose side is 18 cm.
A. 0.89 cm C. 1.18 cm 13. Find the area between the inscribed circle and circumscribing
B. 2.63 cm D. 3.95 cm circle of a regular pentagon whose apothem is 1 unit.
A. 1.76 square units C. 1.66 square units
B. 1.56 square units D. 1.46 square units
TAKE HOME EXAM
14. Find the area of a regular hexadecagon of perimeter 32 units.
A. 80.44 sq. units C. 44.08 sq. units
1. A 5 m  12 m rectangular garden plot is to be provided with a B. 72.92 sq. units D. 51.26 sq. units
footpath of uniform width around its perimeter. If the area of the
15. How many sides has a polygon if the sum of its interior angles
footpath is 11.20 m2, find its width.
A. 0.65 m C. 0.56 m equals twice the sum of its exterior angles?
B. 0.43 m D. 0.34 m A. 7 C. 4
B. 6 D. 5
2. The bases of a trapezoid are 160 m and 300 m, respectively. The
16. How many diagonals are there in an octagon?
angles of inclination of the sides are 50° and 68°, respectively.
Determine the area of the trapezoid. A. 16 C. 61
A. 53,600.60 m2 C. 25,902.45 m2 B. 20 D. 25
B. 28,150.13 m2 D. 12,156.89 m2
17. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 135 degrees greater than
3. A quadrilateral ABCD has sides AB = 57 m, BC = 32 m, CD = 41 its exterior angle. Describe the polygon.
m, and DA = 25 m. If its area is 1300 m 2, find one possible A. pentadecagon C. heptadecagon
measure of the angle A. B. hexadecagon D. octadecagon
A. 122.28° C. 103.91°
18. A regular hexagon has an apothem of 10 cm. Find the area of the
B. 89.97° D. 68.69°
hexagon.
4. The distance between centers of three circles that are mutually A. 419.15 cm2 C. 346.41 cm2
2
tangent to each other are 16, 20, 10 cm respectively. Find the area B. 381.92 cm D. 363.27 cm2
of the biggest circle.
19. A regular octagon is inscribed in a circle whose radius is 12. Find
A. 530.93 cm2 C. 615.75 cm2
B. 430.39 cm 2
D. 315.75 cm2 the area of the octagon.
A. 521.31 C. 407.29
5. The area and perimeter of a circular sector are 250 m 2 and 66 m, B. 351.27 D. 351.25
respectively. Find the radius of the sector.
20. If the perimeter of a rhombus is 40 cm and one of its diagonals is
A. 8.71 m C. 22.87 m
B. 11.78 m D. 15.36 m 12 cm, find the other diagonal.
A. 14 cm C. 15 cm
6. A parabolic segment has a base width of 20 cm and an altitude of B. 12 cm D. 16 cm
32 cm. A chord 12 cm long is drawn parallel to the base. How far
21. Find the area of a circle inscribed in a rhombus whose perimeter is
is that chord from the vertex?
A. 11.52 cm C. 24.79 cm 100 in and whose longer diagonal is 40 in.
B. 19.20 cm D. 17.26 cm A. 356.27 C. 250.57
B. 452.39 D. 549.65
7. Two chords of a circle AB and CD intersect perpendicularly at
22. A rhombus is formed by two radii and two chords of a circle of
point O inside the circle. If OB = 6 cm, OC = 2 cm, and OD = 9 cm,
find the area of the smallest part of the circle. radius 10 m. What is the area of the rhombus?
A. 3.52 cm2 C. 3.71 cm2 A. 86.6 m2 C. 143.1m2
B. 3.96 cm 2
D. 4.19 cm2 B. 92.1 m2 D. 220.1 m2

23. The diagonals of a parallelogram are 18 cm and 30 cm

8. The major and minor axes of an ellipse measure 12 m and 8 m,
respectively. Find the area of the ellipse. respectively. One side of a parallelogram is 12 cm. Find the area
A. 37.70 m2 C. 75.40 m2 of the parallelogram.
B. 150.80 m2 D. 301.59 m2 A. 314 C. 361
B. 216 D. 108
24. A square section ABCD has one of its sides equal to x. Point E is
9. The perimeter of an ellipse is 67.82 units. If the major axis is 16
units long, find the length of the minor axis. inside the square forming an equilateral triangle BEC having one
A. 10 units C. 13 units side equal in length to the side of the square. Find the angle AED.
B. 20 units D. 26 units A. 130 C. 140
B. 150 D. 160
MATHEMATICS – PLANE GEOMETRY UIC SPECIAL TOPICS

25. An engineer places his transit along the line tangent to the circle at
point A such that PA = 200 m. He locates another point B on the
circle and finds PB = 80 m. If a third portion C, on the circle lies
along PB, how far from point B will it be?
A. 500 m C. 480 m
B. 450 m D. 420 m

26. A circle having a radius of 10 cm. is circumscribing a triangle

having an area of 96 sq. cm. If one side of the triangle is 20 cm.,
find the shortest side of the triangle.
A. 12 C. 18
B. 16 D. 14

27. The diameters of the two circles that are tangent internally are 18
and 8, respectively. What is the length of the tangent segment
from the center of the larger circle to the smaller circle?
A. 2 C. 3
B. 4 D. 5

28. Three identical circles are tangent to each other externally. If the
area of the curvilinear triangle enclosed between the points of
tangency of the 3 circles is 16.13 cm, compute the radius of each
circle.
A. 10 cm C. 9 cm
B. 13 cm D. 15 cm

29. A goat is tethered to a corner of a 4 m. by 5 m. shed by a 6 m.

rope. What is the maximum area the goat can cover? (ans. in
square meters)
A. 88.75 C. 67.87
B. 98.76 D. 56.48

30. A swimming pool is constructed in the shape of two partially

overlapping circles, each of radius 9 m. If the center of each circle
lies on the circumference of the other, find the perimeter of the
swimming pool.
A. 85.7 m C. 56.5 m
B. 75.4 m D. 96.8 m

31. A circle with radius 6 has half its area removed by cutting of a
border of uniform width. Find the width of the border.
A. 2.20 C. 1.86
B. 1.76 D. 2.75

32. Two circles with radii 8 and 3 m are tangent to each other
externally. What is the distance between the points of tangency of
one of their common external tangents?
A. 7.8 m C. 10.7 m
B. 9.8 m D. 6.7 m

33. Two squares each of 12 cm sides overlap each other such that the
overlapping region is a regular polygon. Determine the area of the
overlapping region thus formed.
A. 110.9 cm2 C. 121.5 cm2
B. 119.3 cm2 D. 117.4 cm2

34. The length of the side of a rhombus is 5 cm. If its shorter diagonal
is of length 6 cm. What is the area of the rhombus?
A. 24 cm2 C. 18 cm2
2
B. 14 cm D. 25 cm2

35. The sides of a parallelogram are 84 cm and 63 cm respectively. If

one of its diagonal is 48 cm long, compute the smallest interior
angle of the parallelogram.
A. 50.64° C. 45.43°
B. 36.42° D. 34.51°