COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF CYLINDRICAL 1.

1. Measures the average depth of the test The strength of concrete is influenced by the quality of its
SPECIMEN specimen. ingredients – cement and aggregates. Gradation, particle shape
2. Adjust the test span of the tester such that is it and surface texture of aggregates are characteristics which are
particularly important. However, even the last quality of ingredients
I. APPARATUS: three (3) times the average depth of the test
will not produce strong concrete if the ingredients are not
1. Compression Testing Machine (Capacity – specimen. proportioned in accordance with the accepted methods of
250,000 lbs) 3. Place the specimen on the support blocks of designing concrete mixture.
2. Capping Fixtures the tester.
3. Melting Pot 4. Apply the load rapidly up to approximately 50 2. Maximum Size of Aggregate
% of the expected load continuously at the
II. MATERIALS: rate between 125 and 175psi. The maximum size of aggregate has a significant effect
1. Capping Compound (Melted Leadite or Sulfur) on the compressive strength for a given cement content. If the
cement content is constant, the compressive strength is increased
III. CALCUALTIONS:
as the maximum size of the aggregate is increased. Stated
III. PROCEDURES: differently, it means that less cement will be needed to maintain the
1. If the fractures occurs in the tension surface same strength if the maximum size of aggregate is increased.
1. After removal from curing room, cap the within the middle third of the span length,
specimen as soon as practicable with the calculate the modulus of rupture as follows: 3. Water – Cement Ratio
2
melted capping compound to distribute the
R = PL / b d The influence of water – cement ratio on strength
applied load uniformly during the test.
Where: stated by duff Abrams in 1918 marked the most useful
2. Determine the diameter of the test specimen
R =Modulus of Rupture, psi advancement in the history of concrete. Other factors equal, the
to the measurement 0.01 in.(0.25 mm)
P =Maximum Applied Load, lbf lower the water – cement ratio the higher is the strength of
measured at the right angles to each other at concrete. If water is added to the mixture after it has been
L =Span Length, in
about mid-height of the specimen. The discharge from the mixer, the strength is decreased if no additional
b =Ave. width of specimen, in
average diameter will be used to calculate the cement is added.
d =Ave. depth of specimen, in
cross sectional area of the specimen.
3. Place the specimen at the table of the 4. Curing
2. If the fractures occurs in the tension surface
compression tester directly under the upper
outside the middle third of the span length, The strength of concrete will continue to develop
bearing block.
calculate the modulus of rupture as follows: for a number of years if water in the mix is not lost through
4. Apply the load continuously and without shock 2
at a rate of travel of 20 to 50 psi/sec. Until the R = 3Pa / bd drying. In structures which are not moist – cured and remain
specimen falls. Where: substantially dry after construction, the strength of concrete
5. Record the maximum load carried by the a = distance between the line of fracture will never reach the potential strength as indicated by the
specimen during the test. and the nearest support on the tension surface of 28-days compressive strength of control specimens.
the beam, in. Strength development stops at an early age if concrete is
exposed to dry air with no previous moist curing.
IV. CALCULATION: a = L / 3 – 5%L

Compressive Strength = 3. If the fracture occurs in the tension surface

= Maximum Load =P outside of the middle third of the span length 5. Moisture content at Time of Test
Cross-sectional Area - sq.in. A by more than 5% of the span length, discard
the result of the test. For specimen tested in compression, a dry
Note: Neither end of the compressive test specimen s when establish shall depart from
perpendicularity to the axis be more than 0.5 (Approximately equivalent to 1/8” in 12”) specimen will give a higher strength than a companion
cylinder which has been soaked in water immediately prior
FLEXURAL STRENGHT OF CONCRETE EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH to testing. It is the opposite in the case of specimens tested
(Using Simple Beam with Third Point Loading) in flexure, where moist or soaked specimens will give higher
flexural strength than companion specimens which are dry
I. APPARATUS: In evaluating the strength of concrete, it is essential that at the time of test.
Flexural Tester (Capacity–30,000lbs) following principal factors or variable which are known to influence
it are given due consideration: 6. Size of Specimen
II. PROCEDURE:
1.Characteistics and Proportion of Ingredients
 A standard compression test specimen is 2. Concrete deemed to be not acceptable using b) Each lot will be divided into five (5) equal segments
cylindrical with a height twice the diameter. Smaller the above criteria may be rejected unless the and one (1) core will be obtain from each segment.
specimen will give higher strength than the bigger contractor can provide evidence, by means of c) The allowable tolerance in pavement thickness is 25
mm.
specimens. A 12” x 24” specimen will give lower strength core tests, than the quality of concrete d) If the actual thickness of pavement exceeded the required
than a 6” x 12” specimen obtained from the same concrete represented by failed test results is acceptable thickness by more than 5 mm, the credited thickness equal
mix and assuming that all other pertinent factors are equal. in – place. At least three representative cores to required thickness plus 5 mm (Credited T = Required T
+ 5mm).
This is due to the possible faster strength Gain of the shall be taken from each member or area of e) If the actual thickness of pavement is less than the required
smaller specimen. However, as the age increases the concrete in place that is considered deficient. thickness by more than 25 mm, obtain core at 5.0 meter
difference in strength due to difference in size tends to The location of cores shall be determine by interval in each direction from the affected location until a
equalize. the Structural Engineer so that there will be core is found in each direction which is not deficient in
thickness by more than 25 mm.
least impairment of strength of the structure. f) Compute the average thickness of pavement per lot and
7. Rate of Load Application 3. Concrete in the area represented by the cores refer to table II.
will be considered adequate if the average
The standard rate of loading in compression test is strength of the cores is equal to or at least
20 to 50 psi per second. If the test specimen is loaded at a 85% of fc’, and if no single core is less than II. Adjustment of Payment for Thickness
slower rate, the strength is lower than when it loaded at the 75% of, the specified strength fc’.
standard rate; a faster rate of load application will result in 4. If there is a strength deficiency in the When the average thickness of the pavement per lot is
deficient, payment of the lot shall be adjusted as follows:
higher strengths. concrete specimen per preceding paragraph
one, and it is not feasible, or not advisable to TABLE II
obtain cores from the structure due to the Deficiency in the average Percent of Contract
structural considerations, payment of the Thickness per Lot (mm) Price per Lot
EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE concrete will be made at an adjusted price 0–5 100 % payment
due to strength deficiency of concrete 6 – 10 95 % payment
specimens as specified in the following table: 11 – 15 85 % payment
16 – 20 70 % payment
21 – 25 50 % payment
There are factors to be considered in the evaluation more than 25 Remove and Replace
( No Payment)
and acceptance, namely:
CONCRETE STRENGTH DEFICIENCY
A. Strength of concrete – Applicable for both
Structural Concrete (Item 405) and Paving Deficiency in Strength Percent of Contract
Of Concrete Specimen Price Allowed
Concrete (Item 311). Less than 5 100 %
B. Thickness Determination of Concrete – 5 to less than 10 80 %
Applicable only to Paving Concrete (Item 311). 10 to less than 15 70 %
15 to less than 20 60 %
20 to less than 25 50 %
A. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE 25 or more 0%

Pursuant to ministry order No. 12 dated February B. THICKNESS SETERMINATION OF CONCRETE

27, 1981 and as adopted in the 1988 DPWH
Standard Specifications for Highways, Bridges, I. Tolerance and Pavement Thickness
and Airport, Volume II, the criteria in the evaluation
a) The completed pavement shall be accepted on a lot
and acceptance for both Structural Concrete and basis.
Paving Concrete are as follows:
1. A lot shall be considered as 1000 linear meters
1. The strength level of concrete will be of pavement when a single traffic lane is
considered satisfactory if the average of all poured.
sets of three consecutive strength test results 2. A lot shall be considered as 500 linear meters
equal or exceed the specified strength fc’, and of pavement when two lanes are poured
concurrently.
no individual strength test result is deficient by
more than 15% of the specified strength fc’.
 Remarks: Note:

thickness be more
A slump test is measure of consistency in concrete. It is the
REMARKS
1. Station limit of thickness that failed to meet the allowable tolerance:
Sta. 0 + 349 to Sta. 0 + 351.25 (L = 2.25 m) difference between the height of the mold and the height of the

Deficient in

than 2 mm
2. Area that failed to meet the tolerance in pavement thickness vertical axis of the specimen once it is separated from the mold.
requirement: W x L = 6.10m x 2.25m = 13.725 sq.m.
3. Percent of contract price allowed for payment of item 311 due to In construction work, it is the last barrier or “Go or No Go” point
deficient in thickness: before the concrete is placed, and a lot depends on the results.
The common mistakes that should be avoided are: 1.) Poor
Deficiency in Thickness = Reqd. Thickness – Ave. Credited
Thickness sampling 2.) Neglecting to ampen the core 3.) Improper rodding
CREDITED THICKNESS,

= 20.0 – 19.3 4.) An unstable base, and 5.) Wrong type of rod – and the test
= 0.70 cm (7.0mm) results bears little relation to actual concrete equality.
within 6mm to 10 mm (refer to Table)
cu.m.

Therefore, 95 % payment of contract price for item 311 is

20.5
20.0
20.5
19.5
17.5

17.5
19.0
20.0
--

allowed

SLUMP TEST FOR CONSISTENCY OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE

STANDARD METHOD OF
AASHTO Designation: T 119 – 94 SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
(ASTM Designation: C 143 – 74) AASHTO Designation: T 141 – 74
(ASTM Designation: C 172 – 71)
FINAL REPORT ON CORE BORING TEST

Apparatus:
AVERAGE THICKNESS,

1. SCOPE
1. Galvanized mold, No. 16 gage (frustrum of a cone with a base diam. Of 8 in.
and height of 12 in.) This method describes the procedures for obtaining
2. Scoop representative samples of fresh concrete as delivered to the
cu.m.

20.5
20.0
21.0
19.5
17.5
17.0

17.5
19.0
20.0

3. Trowel
project site and on which tests are to be performed to determine
4. Tamping Rod (5/8” dia., L = 24 in. with one end bullet pointed at the lower
end) the compliance with quality requirements of the specifications
under which the concrete is furnished. The methods include
Procedure: sampling from stationary, paving and truck mixers, and from
agitating and non-agitating equipment used to transport central
1. Dampen the mold and place on a flat moist non-absorbent mixed concrete.
surface
2. Fill the mold with concrete in three layers, each approximately 2. SAMPLING
+ 250 RL

+ 450 RL
+ 150 LL

+ 345 LL

+ 350 LL

+ 351.25
+ 355 LL

one-third the volume of the mold. In placing the concrete, move

STATION OF CORE TAKEN

the scoop-full around the top edge of the mold as the concrete The elapsed time between obtaining the first and the final
Sta. 0 + 050

+ 349

slides from it, in order to insure symmetrical distribution of portions of the composite samples shall be as short as possible,
concrete within the mold. but in no instance shall it exceed 15 minutes.
3. Each layer should be rodded with 25 stroke of a 5/8” diameter rod
RL

having a length of 24 in. and bullet-pointed at the lower end. The
stroke should be distributed in a uniform manner over the cross
section of the mold and should penetrate into the underlying layer
by ½ inch.
4. After the top layer has been rodded, strike off the surface of the
concrete with a trowel so that the mold is exactly filled.
5. Remove the mold from the concrete by raising it carefully in a
vertical direction, then measure immediately the slump by
determining the difference between the height of the mold and
the height of the concrete:
Slump = 12” – height of the concrete after its
CORE ID
Transport the individual samples to the place where fresh
concrete test are to be performed or where test specimens are to
be molded. They shall then be combined and re-mixed with a
shovel to ensure uniformity.
Start tests for slump or air content, or both, within 5 minutes
after the sampling is completed.
Start molding test specimens for strength within 15 minutes
after fabricating the composite sample. Keep the elapsed time
between obtaining and using the samples as short as possible
and protect the sample from the sun, wind, and other sources of

#4–F

subsidence rapid evaporation, and from contamination.

#4 – B
#X
#1
#2
#3

#4

#5

6. After the slump measurement is completed, tap gently the sides 3. PROCEDURE
Y

of the concrete frustum with the tamping rod. The behavior of the
concrete under this treatment is a valuable indication of the
cohesiveness, workability, and placeability of the mix. A well
proportioned workable mix will gradually slump to lower elevation
and return its original identity, while a poor mix will crumble,
Total Credited Thickness = 154.5 cm segregate and fall apart.
Ave. Credited Thickness = 19.3 cm
Size of Sample – Make the sample to be used for strength tests
a minimum of 1 cu.ft.
a. Sampling from Stationary Mixers, Except Paving Mixers –
Sample the concrete at two or more regularly spaced
intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the
batch. Take the samples within the time limit of 15
minutes and composite them into one sample for test
 purposes. Do not obtain samples from the very first or last Dimension of Measures - after each layer is rodded, tap the sides of the
portions of the batch discharge. Perform sampling by measure smartly 10 to 15 times with the appropriate
Capacity Inside Inside Thickness Metal Size of
passing a receptacle completely through the discharge Of Agg.
mallet
stream or by completely diverting the discharge into a (liters) Dia. Height Wall - add final layer so as to avoid overfilling
Bottom Max.
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
sample container. (mm) - 25 strokes if the measure used is 14-liters or smaller
in capacity
b. Sampling from Paving Mixers – 5.0 12.5 - 50 strokes for 28-liter measure
3 155+/-2 160+/-2 2.5
10 205+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 2.5 25.0 3. Internal Vibration
Sample the concrete after the contents of the paving 15 255+/-2 295+/-2 5.0 3.0 40.0 - Fill and vibrate in two equal layers
mixer have been discharge. Obtain samples from at least 30 355+/-2 305+/-2 5.0 3.0 100.0 - Insert vibrator at three different points for each layer
five different portions of the pile and then composite into - In compacting the bottom layer, do not allow the
one sample for test purposes. Avoid contamination with vibrator to rest on or touch the bottom or sides of the
sub-grade materials or prolong contact with an absorptive measure
sub-grade. 4. Strike-Off – flat rectangular plate, 6 mm thick or glass or acrylic - In compacting the final layer, the vibrator shall
plate, 12 mm thick. penetrate into the underlying layer approximately 25
c. Sampling from Revolving drum / Truck Mixers or Agitators -- Length and width at least 50 mm greater than the mm
– diameter of the measure. - The duration of vibration will depend upon the
5. Mallet – with rubber or rawhide head, 0.57+/-0.23 kg for 14 liters or workability of the concrete and effectiveness of the
Sample the concrete at two or more regularly spaced smaller measures, 1.02+/-0.23 kg for measures larger vibrator
intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the than 14 liters capacity measure. - (note: Usually, sufficient vibration has been applied as
batch. Take the samples within the time limit specified for soon as the surface of the concrete becomes
sampling fresh concrete and composite them into one relatively smooth)
II. CALIBRATION OF MEASURE
sample for test purposes. In any case do not obtain
samples from the first or last portions of the batch (AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 19-80) 4. Strike-Off
discharge. Sample by repeatedly passing a receptacle - After the consolidation, strike-off the top surface
through the entire discharge stream or by completely 1. Weigh empty measure of he concrete and finish it smoothly with the flat
diverting the discharge into a sample container. Regulate 2. Fill the measure with water at room temperature strike-off plate
the rate of the discharge of the batch by the rate of 3. Determine the net weight of water in the measure
revolution of the drum and not by the size of the gate 4. Measure the temperature of the water and determine its unit 5. Cleaning and Weighing
opening. weight, from the following table ( interpolate if necessary) - After the strike-off, clean all excess concrete
from the exterior of the measure and determine
Unit Weight of Water the net mass of the concrete.
Temperature kg/cu.m. 6. Calculation
F C Unit Weight = (Net Mass of the concrete) X
(Calibration Factor of measure)
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR 60 15.6 999.01
UNIT WEIGHT AND YIELD OF CONCRETE 65 18.3 998.54 Yield = (Total Mass of Batch) / (Unit Weight of
AASHTO Designation: T 121 – 82 70 21.1 997.97 Concrete)
(ASTM Designation: C 138 – 77) 75 23.9 997.32
80 26.7 996.59 Cement Content
85 29.4 995.83 = Mass of Cement in the Batch
I. APPARATUS Volume of the Batch
5. Calculate the factor for the measure by dividing the unit weight of
1. Balance the water by the weight required to fill the measure.
2. Tamping Rod – round, straight steel rod, 16 mm in diameter 60 MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN IN THE
III. SAMPLE – Obtain the sample of freshly mixed concrete in accordance LABORATORY
mm in length and rounded tamping end
with the Standard Sampling of Fresh Concrete. (AASHTO
3. Measure – a cylindrical container made from metal that is not AASHTO Designation: T 126-76
readily attacked by cement paste DESIGNATION: T 141) (ASTM Designation: C 192-76)
- Watertight and sufficiently rigid to retain its form and
calibrated volume under rough used IV. PROCEDURE No. Of Specimen – 3 or more for each test age or condition

Minimum Capacity of Measures 1. Consolidation – consolidate by rodding for concrete having a PREPARATION OF MATERIALS:
slump greater than 75 mm, by rodding or vibration if the slump is
Max. Nominal Size Capacity of 25 to 75 mm, and by vibration if the slump is less than 25 mm Temperature – 20 to 25 degrees C
Of Coarse Agg., mm Measures, ltr 2. Rodding – place the concrete in the measure in three layers of
approximately equal volume Cement – Shall pass through 1.18 mm (No. 16) or finer sieve
25.0 6.0 - rod the bottom layer throughout its depth but the rod - All lumps must be rejected
shall not forcibly strike the bottom of the measure
37.5 11.0
- distribute the strokes uniformly over the cross
50.0 14.0 MIXING PROCEDURE:
section of the measure and for the top two layers,
75.0 28.0
114.0 71.0 penetrate about 25 mm into the underlying layers A. Hand Mixing
152.0 99.0 – mix cement and fine aggregate without water (and
admixture, if any)
 - mix coarse aggregate without water Consolidation by Vibrator
- add water (and admixture “solution” if used until the  Use 3 insertion of the vibrator at different
concrete is homogeneous points for each layer

No. of Strokes per

200(8) as near
Strokes/Layer

as practicble
 Allow the vibration to penetrate through

half depth
100 (4)
No. of
B. Machine mixing layer being vibrated, and into layer below,

Layer

-
approximately 25 mm (1 inch)

25
25
50
75
Step 1 – Prior to starting rotation, add coarse aggregate, some of
the mixing water, and the solution of admixture, if 3. Curing
required.  After molding cover top with wet

No. of Roddings per Layer / Rod Diameter

Step 2 – Start mixer and add fine aggregate, cement and water burlap and store in a cold place
while running.  Remove from mold after 24 hours

No. of Layers

as required
and soak in water more than 7 days

3 or more
3 equal

2 equal
If Step 2 is not possible prior to the time of test (tests shall

No. of Layers Required

- Stop mixer be kept in the field at least three-

Rod Diameter
- Add other ingredients fourths of the test period)

Mm (inc)

10 (3/8)
16 (5/8)
16 (5/8)
16 (5/8)
- Mix for 3 minutes  While in the laboratory the specimen
- Followed by 3 minutes rest shall be kept at laboratory
- Followed by 2 minutes final mixing temperature until 24 to 48 hours
Note: Cover open top wile resting. before testing

Compaction

Vibration
Vibration
Rodding
Rodding
Mode of
Discharge concrete to mixing pan and remix using shovel until General Rules:
uniform in appearance. 1. Take samples from at least three
parts of the load
Curing 2. Use only non-absorptive molds
- cover immediately after molding 3. Fill in three equal layers, rod each

Cylinder Dia.
- remove from mold not less than 20 nor more than 48 hours layer 25 times with spherical-nose

Mm (inc)

No. of Cylinder mm
250 (10)
100 (4)
150 (6)
200 (8)

300(12) -460(18)
Up to 300 (12)
after molding rod

Over 300 (12)

Over 460 (18)

- storage during the first 48 hours should be vibration-free 4. Let cylinder stand undisturbed from

(in.)
12 to 24 hours, with tops covered at
temperature between 60 and 80 F
MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMEN IN THE FIELD (20 – 26 C)
AASHTO Designation: T 23 5. Pack cylinders carefully in sawdust
(ASTM Designation: C 31) and ship to laboratory for testing.

B. FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS

A. COMPRESSION TEST SPECIMENS
1. Size of Sample
1. Size of Specimens Depth = 3 x max. nominal size of
aggregate
Diameter = 3 x max. nominal size of aggregate Width = depth or may be wider by not
Height = 2 x diameter more
Than half
2. Molding Length = 3 x depth + 2 inches or
- Fill the mold in 3 layers of approximately equal volume more
- Rod each layer with a bullet-shaped tamping rod at lower
end 2. Molding
- The strokes shall be distributed uniformly over the cross-  Fill the mold with concrete in layers of
section of the mold and shall just penetrate into the approximately 75 mm (3 inches) in depth
underlying layer  Rod each layer 50 times for each square
- The bottom layer shall be rodded throughout its depth foot ( or 1 stroke for each 2 square
- Tap the side of the mold to close the voids left by they inches)
tamping rod  After each layer is rodded, the concrete
- After the top layer has been rodded, the surface of the shall be spaded along the sides and ends
concrete shall be struck off with a trowel and cover with with a mason’s trowel or other suitable
a glass or metal plate to prevent evaporation tools
 When the rodding and spading operations
is completed, the top shall be struck off
with a straightedge and finished with a
wood float
 Net Water Content per

Liters

214
199
192
181
172
163
146
Approximate Depth / Layer, mm (in)

Net Water Content

Consolidation by vibration – Insert the vibrator at

200 (3) or as near as practicable

Angular Course Aggregate

+ or – 3 %
intervals not exceeding 150 mm (6 in) along the centerline of the

cu.m.

- 4.7 kg
+ 8.9 kg
long dimension of the specimen. For specimens wider than 150

0
0
Depth of Sample

Effect on Values in Table V

mm (6 in.), use alternating insertions along two lines. Allow the

Half Depth

Kgs.
100 (4)

214
199
192
181
172
163
146
shaft of the vibrator to penetrate into the bottom layer
1 for each 14 sq.cm. (2 sq.in.) of Surface approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
1 for each 7 sq. cm. (sq.in.) of Surface

Aggregate by
3. Curing

Sand % of
No. of Strokes per Layer

Absolute
Volume
cu.m.
- After molding tests specimens, immediately cover molds

Total

56
51
46
42
39
36
31
with wet burlap and store in a cold place

Percent Sand
- Let tests specimens stand undisturbed in their molds for

+ or – 1
+ or ½
25

Adjustment of Above Table for Other Conditions

24 – 48 hours at 60 – 80F

+3
-3
0
- Immediately after removal, soak specimens in water

Net Water Content per

liters

199
184
178
166
157
148
131
- Cure samples 4 to 7 days at the project site

cu.m.
Note: Specimens made to determine when placed
concrete is ready for traffic should remain in them molds for

Rounded Course Aggregate

No. of Layers

44 – 52 hours. Then stored as near as possible to the

Rod Size and No. of Strokes per Layer

199
184
178
166
157
148
131
Kg.
3 or more

2 or more
2 equal

installation they represent and cured the same.

1

Each 0.1 increase or decrease in fineness Modulus of Sand

GENERAL RULES:

Each 0.055 increase or decrease in Water – Cement ratio

No. of Layers osdoso

Sand % of Total Aggregate

by Absolute Volume cu.m.
1. Take samples from at least three parts of the load.

Changes in Conditions Stipulated in Table V

2. Use rigid non-absorptive, water - tight molds at least 6” x 6”
in cross section.

51
46
41
37
34
31
26

Each 25 mm increase or decrease in slump

For Less Workable Concrete as Pavement

3. Oil molds lightly before filling, fill molds in 3 – inches deep
layers and rod each layer once for each 2 sq.in. of area.
Rod diameter, mm (inches)

4. Spade all sides with a trowel, strike off top with a

straightedge, and finish with a wood float.
5. Cover test beams immediately with a double layer of wet
10 (3/8)
10 (3/8)
16 (5/8)

Mode of Compaction

burlap and let specimens stand undisturbed for 24 hours

Aggregate, mm (in.)
Maximum size of
at temperatures between 60 to 80 F.
Vibration
Vibration
Rodding
Rodding

Manufacture sand
37.5 (1 ½)
12.5 (1/2)
19.0 (3/4)
(Table V)

150.0 (6)
25.0 (1)

50.0 (2)
75.0 (3)
Top Surface area of Specimen, sq.cm.

APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER CONTENTS PER CUBIC

METER OF CONCRETE
165 – 310 (26 – 49)
310 (50) or more
160 (25) or less

150 – 200 (6 – 8)

150 – 200 (6 – 8)
(sq.in.)

Depth, mm (in)

Over 200 (8)

Over 200 (8)

Based on mix having a water – cement ratio of 0.57 by

weight of 22.8 kg per bag of cement ( 22.8 L/bag of cement), 75.0
mm slump and natural sand having a fineness modulus of 2.75.

For mixes having either proportions, see adjustment

below Table 1
 Uses of Each Class of Concrete 9 Concrete

Cylinder Specimen at 28
Hollow Blocks
Minimum compressive
Strength of 150 mm x
Class A: All superstructures and heavily reinforced substructures. For (Complete)
300 mm Concrete

days Mpa (Psi)

a. Strength 3 units

20.7 ( 3,000 )

16.5 ( 2,400 )

37.7 ( 5,000 )

20.7 ( 3,000 )
slabs, beams, girders, columns, arch ribs, box culverts,

20.7 (3,000 )
reinforced abutments, retaining walls and reinforced footings. b. Moisture 3 units
Content
Class B: Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, pipe bedding, and 10 Steel Bar 1 (S) per 10,000 kgs or 1 meter
gravity walls, unreinforced or with only a small amount of 10 tonnes
reinforcement. 11 Steel Sheet 1 (S) per 1,000 sheet 1 sheet
(Galvanized)
Class C: Thin reinforced section, railings for filler in steel grid floors 12 Wire: (Strand)
precast piles and cribbing. Wire 2 meters
Square Opening, Std,,

(Strap)
Designated Size of
Coarse Aggregate

Class P: Prestressed concrete structures and members. 13 Gabion 1m x 2m

mm (Alternate)

( 2 ½” – No. 4)
( 2” – No. 4 )

( ¾” – No. 4)

( 1” – No. 4 )
( 1” – No. 4)
50 – 4.75

63 – 4.75

19 – 4.75

25 – 4.75

25 – 4.75
Seal : Concrete deposited in water. 14 Paints 2 (S) per 100 cans 1- 4 liter can

1 - 20 liter can

15 Joint Filler 1 - 400mm x 400mm

(Pre-molded) sample
SAMPLNG REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING 16 Curing 1 - liter
Of Common Construction Materials Compound
17 Concrete 1-set of 3 cylinder for 75 1-set of 3 cylinder (6" x
Cylinder cu.m. 12")
Consistency Range

18 Concrete Beam 1 set of 3 beams for 75 1 set of 3 beams (6" x 6" x

SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING
Mm ( inch )

cu.m. or 1-day pouring 21")

100 – 200
( 4 ) max.
100 max.
in Slump

50 – 100

50 – 100

50 – 100
(2–4)

(2–4)

(2–4)

(4–8)

of Common 19 Concrete Core 5 holes / km. / lane

Construction
5 holes / 500 mtrs when
Materials
2-lanes poured
20 Asphalt Core
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QUANTITY OF
REQUIREMENTS SAMPLE TO BE a.) Density and 1 core for every 100m or at least one for each full
SUBMITTED FOR Thickness Test day's operation
Maximum Water – Cement

TESTING 21 Water Analysis

a.) Chemical 500 Ml

Analysis
Ratio kg/kg

b.) Sediment 500 Ml

1 Cement 1 - sample per 2,000 10 kgs
0.53

0.58

0.55

0.49

0.58

load Analysis
bags 22 Structural 1 (S) per 50 Reduced Section (as
2 Asphaltic 1 (S) per 40 tonnes or 5 liters Steel/Sheet tonnes/50,000 kgs prescribed)
Materials 200 drums
3 Asphalti Mix 1-(S) per 130 tonnes 20 kgs (Complete)

4 Aggregates

a.)Coarse 70 kgs
Aggregates
Minimum Cement Content

b.) Fine 50 kgs

Aggregates Be INFINITE and CONQUEROR!!!!!
5 Soil 1-(S) per 1,500 cu.m. IF YOU REACH YOUR LIMITS THAN PUSH YOUR BOUNDARIES!
Aggregates
DON’T STAY IN WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW AND MASTERED!
Kg (bag #)
per cu.m.

a.) 20 kgs
(11.0)

(9.5)f

BECAUSE YOU ALREADY CONQUERED IT!

(9.0)

(8.0)

(9.5)
360

320

380

440

380

Classification
b.) Routinary 50 kgs BEYOND THE HORIZON THERE IS MORE!
Test
c.) Moisture ENGR. VALIENT C. CANCERAN, CE, ME-1
Density
Relation & 50 kgs
CBR
6 Non - 2 pipes Min./0.5 % of 2 pipes
Reinforced No. of Pipes
Concrete Pipe
7 Reinforced 1 (S) per 50 pipes or 1 pipe (1m length)
SEAL
Class

Concrete Pipe 2% No. of pipes

C
A

8 Steel Pipe 1 (S) per 600 length 2 pcs of 100 mm long

(Galvanized ) taken from both ends w/o
thread