504 9 Design Examples

9.32.2 Imperfections

9.32.2.1 Imperfections of the frame

Global initial sway imperfections: 5.3.2(3)

φ = φo · αh · αm Eq. 5.5

where:
φo = 1/200
2 2 2
αh = √ = √ = 0.82 but < ah < 1
h 6 3
1 1
αm = 0.5 1 + = 0.5 1 + = 0.87
m 2
Finally:
1 1
φ= · 0.82 · 0.87 =
200 280
Instead of this imperfection an equivalent horizontal force is introduced:
1
Δ Hd = φVEd = · 72 = 0.26 kN Fig. 5.4
280
and the total horizontal force becomes:

HEd = Hd + Δ Hd = 9 + 0.26 = 9.26 kN

9.32.2.2 Imperfections of members 5.3.2(6)

Local bow imperfections may be neglected since the frame is not sensitive to second
order effects.

9.32.3 Frame analysis

First order elastic analysis is applied.

q Ed = 9 kN/m
40.9 kNm 40.9 kNm
- -
B D +
- -

H1 A C H1
[M]

V1 V1
Fig. 9.44. Vertical loading and moments’ diagram