Stresses and strains

Generalized Hooke’s Law:

{} { }{ }
ε 'x '
1 −v ' −v ' σ x
1
ε 'y = −v ' 1 −v ' σ 'y
E ' '
εz
'
−v −v 1 σ 'z

Volumetric strains, ε p=ε r +ε θ + ε z

( )
∆ σ1
=
E 1−v
∆ σ 3 (1+ v ) (1−2 v ) v (
v ∆ ε1
1−v ∆ ε 3 )( )

We are considering counter clock-wise shear as positive

a) σ 13=
σ x +σ z
2
τ zx
±
√(
σ z −σ x 2
2 )
+ τ zx
2

b) tan ψ =
σ 1−σ x
σ −σ 3 882.8−317.2
c) τ max= 1 = =282.8 kPa
2 2

d) σ θ=
2 (
σ 1 +σ 3 σ 1−σ 3
+
2 )
cos 2 θ=
2
+ (
882.8+ 317.2 882.8−317.2
2 )
cos (−40 )=816.6 kPa

τ θ =τ max sin2 θ=282.8 x sin (−40 )=−181.8 kPa

Exercise 7.11

The initial principal stresses at a certain depth in a clay soil are 100 kPa on the horizontal plane and 50
kPa on the vertical plane. Construction of a surface foundation induces additional stresses consisting of a
vertical stress of 45 kPa, a lateral stress of 20 kPa, and a counter clock- wise (with respect to the
horizontal plane) shear stress of 40 kPa. Plot Mohr’s circle (1) for the initial state of the soil and (2) after
construction of the foundation. Determine;

a) the change in magnitude of the principal stresses,

b) the change in maximum shear stress, and
c) the change in orientation of the principal stress plane resulting from the construction of the
foundation.
Exercise 7.12
Plot the distribution of total stress, effective stress, and pore- water pressure with depth for the soil
profile shown in Figure P7.12. Neglect capillary action and pore air pressure.

4.5 m e 0=0.7 , S=0.85

∇ GWL

w = 28%
5m

Figure P7.12

Solution 7.12

Unsaturated soil

( Gs +Se
) ( )
3
2.7 +0.85 x 0.7 kN
γ= γ w= 9.8=19
1+e 1+0.7 m

Saturated soil

S=1

wG s 0.28 x 2.7
e ¿ = =0.76
S 1

γ sat = ( Gs + Se
1+e ) (
γw=
2.7+1 x 0.76
1+0.76 )
9.8=19.3
kN 3
m

Depth σ ( kPa ) μ ( kPa ) ¿

0 0 0 0
4.5 19 x 4.5 = 85.5 0 85.5
9.5 85.5 + 5 x 19.3 = 182 = 5 x 9.8 = 49 133
 stress line graph
0

4 Total stress
depth (m)

Linear (Total stress)

5
Pore Water Pressure
6 Effective Stress

10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200