UNDER GROUND WATER TANK WALL

(550mm THICK )

CALCULATION OF ACTIVE PRESSURE COEFFICIENT UNDER SEISMIC CONDITION

Typical Section of UGWT

The retaining wall is located in seismic Design Category "D". Due to unavailability of the
Geotechnical report, we have assumed the properties of the backfill materials which are as
detailed below:

Unit weight of backfill soil (γ ) = 18kN / m3

0
Angle of internal soil friction (φ ) = 30
0
Angle of Wall friction (δ ) = 20

Angle of back face of wall with vertical (α ) = 0 0

The calculation of the horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as

Z I Sa
αh = × ×
2 R g

where, α h = Horizontal seismic coefficient

Z = Seismic Zone factor which is taken as 0.24 for severe exposure

I = Importance factor which is taken as 1.5 for Hospitals

R = Response reduction factor taken as 3.0 for Buried Tank (Refer ACI350.3-06)

Sa
= Spectral acceleration coefficient or flexibility factor
g

The solid retaining wall is almost rigid and no differential displacement shall take place in the
wall during seismic acceleration. Hence the wall is taken as zero period structure and the spectral
acceleration coefficient of the wall is taken as 1.00. Putting the values we have

0.24 1.50
αh = × × 1.00 = 0.06
2 3.0

2
The vertical acceleration coefficient α v = × 0.06 = 0.04
3

Calculation of active pressure coefficient under seismic condition:

Mononobe-Okabe Seismic Coefficient Analysis

2
 
 
(1 ± α v ) cos 2 (φ − λ − α )  1 
Ca = ×  1 
cos λ cos 2 α cos(δ + α + λ ) 
 sin(φ + δ ) sin(φ − ι − λ  2 
1 +   
  cos(α − ι ) cos(δ + α + λ )  

Putting the values of soil properties and seismic coefficients we calculate

αh
λ = tan −1
1± αv

λ = (Corresponding to −α v) = 3.576
 Cos(φ − λ −α ) = Cos(30 − 3.576 − 0) = 0.8955

Cos(δ + α + λ ) = Cos(20 + 0 + 3.576) = 0.9165

Cosλ = Cos3.576 = 0.998

Cosα = Cos(0) = 1.00

Sin(φ + δ ) = Sin(30 + 20) = 0.766

Sin(φ − i − λ ) = Sin(30 − 0 − 3.576) = 0.445

Cos(α − i) = Cos(0 − 0) = 1.00

2
 
 
Ca =
(1 + 0.04) × (0.89)
2

×
1 
1 
0.998 X 1.00 X 0.9165   0.766 × 0.445 
2
2
1+
  1.00 × 0.9165 
2
 1 
C a = 1.127×  = 0.434 (Maximum value Governs)
1 + 0.609

By Empirical method:

3 3
Ca = K a + k h = 0.333 + × 0.06 = 0.378
4 4
Calculation static earth pressure

Active pressure = 18× 6.1×0.333 = 36.56 kN/ m (Lateral eracth pressure at Rest condition

Dynamic pressure (PAE)= 18× 6.1 × 0.434 = 47.653 kN/m

Dynamic increment ∆E = 36.56 − 47.653 = 11.09 kN/m

Height of action from the base of the wall 0.5H = 3.05m

Maximum dynamic active pressure PAE is equal to the sum of the initial static pressure
and the dynamic increment ∆PAE
Self weight of wall
= 0.55× 6.10 × 24.00 = 80.52 kN / m
Horizontal Force = 0.06 x 80.52 = 4.8312kN/m
Lateral pressure due to Water inside UGWT :
= 10 x 6.1 = 61KN/m
Note : We are not considering water lateral pressure because this pressure
will create a passive pressure during Seismic event.
 SURCHARGE PRESSURE DUE TO WHEEL LOAD

HS-20 (TRUCK)
SURCHARGE DUE TO WHEEL LOAD AT 2 ft DISTANCE

Type of Vehicle assumed = HS 20

Axle load = 32000 lbs

= 142.34 kN
Distance of wheel from the
face of basement wall = 2.00 ft
= 0.6096 m
V = 16 Kips = 71.2 kN
H = 20.01 ft = 6.100 m
X = 2.00 ft = 0.610 m

m = X/H = 0.10
n = Z/H
1 = for m < 0.40 = 0.28*V*n2/[H2*(0.16+n2)3]
1 = for m > 0.40 = 1.77*V*n2*m2 /[H2*(m2+n2)3]
(Considering a 1 m strip of the wall )
Max value of ( = tan-1 ( 1.64 / 2 )
= 0.686818

n Depth Horizontal Pressure

[Z/H] (Z) p1 pQ = p1*cos2(1.1)
Angle ( in Radian
2

ft.
t
/f

0.000 0.076 0.153 0.229 0.305 0.382 0.458 0.534 0.611 0.687
p
ki

0.00 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.10 2.001 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.012
0.20 4.003 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.054 0.052 0.050 0.047 0.043 0.039 0.034 0.030
0.30 6.004 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.063 0.060 0.057 0.054 0.049 0.045 0.039 0.034
0.40 8.005 0.055 0.055 0.054 0.053 0.051 0.049 0.046 0.042 0.038 0.033 0.029
0.50 10.007 0.041 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.031 0.028 0.025 0.021
0.60 12.008 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.015
0.70 14.009 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011
0.80 16.010 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.007
0.90 18.012 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005
1.00 20.013 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004

2
Average lateral pressure = 0.02 kip/ft
= 1.15 kN/m2

Vertical Pressure distribution along Depth of Wall [@ Centre of Wheel ]

0.00 0.20

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00
DEPTH OF WALL (feet)

20.00
 SURCHARGE DUE TO WHEEL LOAD AT  8  ft DISTANCE
Type of Vehicle assumed = HS 20

Axle load = 32000 lbs

= 142.34 kN
Distance of wheel from the
face of basement wall = 8.00 ft
= 2.4384 m
V = 16 Kips = 71.2 kN
H = 20.01 ft = 6.100 m
X = 8.00 ft = 2.438 m

m = X/H = 0.40
n = Z/H
1 = for m < 0.40 = 0.28*V*n2/[H2*(0.16+n2)3]
1 = for m > 0.40 = 1.77*V*n2*m2 /[H2*(m2+n2)3]
(Considering a 1 m strip of the wall )
Max value of ( = tan-1 ( 1.64 / 8 )
= 0.202199

n Depth Horizontal Pressure

[Z/H] (Z) p1 pQ = p1*cos2(1.1)
Angle ( in Radian
2

ft.
ft
p/

0.000 0.022 0.045 0.067 0.090 0.112 0.135 0.157 0.180 0.202
ki

0.00 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.10 2.001 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022
0.20 4.003 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.054 0.054 0.053
0.30 6.004 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.062 0.061
0.40 8.005 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.052
0.50 10.007 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.039 0.039 0.039
0.60 12.008 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.027
0.70 14.009 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.019 0.019
0.80 16.010 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.013
0.90 18.012 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.009
1.00 20.013 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007

Average lateral pressure

= 0.03 kip/ft2
= 1.34 kN/m2

Vertical Pressure distribution along Depth of Wall

[ @ Centre of Wheel ]

0.00 0.20
0.00

5.00

10.00
DEPTH OF WALL (feet)

15.00

20.00

25.00
SURCHARGE PRESSURE

Surcharge pressure due to surronding equipments & buildings (Rectangular)

Wsur = 10.0 kN/m² ( Assumed )
Psur1 = 10 x 0.33 = 3.300 kN/m² (governs)
Surcharge pressure due to HS-20 Truck (Rectangulatr)
Psur2 = 1.149 + 1.341 = 2.490 kN/m²
FLEXURE AND SHEAR DESIGN OF UGWT (550mm Thick) : 

The design is carried out by assuming the wall to act as a propped cantilever, fixed at the base and pinned at 
the ground floor level.

Summary of Lateral loads for UGWT wall: 

1. Dynamic Lateral pressure = 47.653 KN/m 
2. Surcharge = 3.33 KN/m 
3. Self‐weight = 4.8312 KN/m   

Load Combination
U = 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) -----------------(9-2) ACI318

Ultimate loads = 1.2 x 4.8312 + 1.6 x (47.653+3.33) = 87.5 KN/m 

Wu = 87.5 KN/m 

Ultimate maximum bending moment is calculated as follows: 
For Rectangular Load: 

Middle    MC  = + 9/128 x w x L   = 9/128 x 87.5 x 6.12 = 229 KN‐m 

Bottom    MA  = ‐ 1/8 x w x L    = 87.5 x 6.12 / 8 = 407 KN‐m 

Ast = 407 x 1000 x 1000 / (0.81 x 420 x465) = 2573 mm2 

PROVIDED VERTICAL BARS = Ф20‐100 C/C (Both Face) 

Ultimate Shear strength is calculated as follows 

Maximum Horizontal Ultimate Load

Vu = 5 X 87.5 X 6.1 / 8 = 333.5 KN 

Actual Shear Stress Vu = 333.5 X 1000 / (465 X 1000) = 0.717 MPA 

Allowable Shear Stress ФVc = 1/6 x 0.75 x Sqrt (35)  = 0.739 MPA    (SAFE)