KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 3

SNO NAME
1 OWEKA JACOB
2 HABUMUREMYI BERNARD
3 NZUNZU BEN
4 WETAKA BAKALI
5 ODOCH KENNETH
Theory: Exercise 7.1
An elastic soil is confined laterally and is axially compressed under drained conditions. In
soil mechanics, the loading imposed on the soil is called K0 compression or consolidation.
Show that under K0 condition.
' '
σx v
'
= '
σ z 1−v
Where v’ is Poisson’s ration for drained condition.
Solution 7.1
Prove that for the K0 condition (lateral strains are zero)
' ' ' '
σ x =σ y ,ε x =ε y =0
Introducing these conditions into generalized Hooke’s Law:

{} { }{ }
ε 'x '
1 −v ' −v ' σ x
1
ε 'y = −v ' 1 −v ' σ 'y
E
εz
'
−v ' −v ' 1 σ 'z
Generating the equations from the matrix above;
1 '
ε x = ( σ x −v σ y −v σ z )
' ' ' ' '
(1)
E
1 '
E x
[ σ ( 1−v ' ) −v ' σ 'z ]=0
Alternatively
1 1 '
'
E
' ' '
[ ' '
E
' ' '
]
ε y = (−v σ x +σ y −v σ z ) = [ σ x ( 1−v )−v σ z ] =0 =0 (2)
The equations (1) and (2) translates to;
σ 'x ( 1−v ' ) −v ' σ 'z =0,
σ x ( 1−v ) =v σ z
' ' ' '

' '
σx v
'
= '
σ z 1−v
Problem Solving: Exercise 7.5
A cylindrical soil, 75 mm in diameter and 150 mm long, is radially compressed. The length
increases to 153 mm and the radius decreases to 37.2 mm. Calculate:
(a) The axial and radial strains
(b) The volumetric strains
Solution 7.5
z

75mm

150mm

(a) Radial change, ∆ r =37.5−37.2=0.3 mm and

Axial change, ∆ z=150−153=−3 mm
Radial strain,
0.3
ε r=ε θ= =8 x 10−3
37.5
Axial strain,
−3
ε z= =−0.02
150
(b) Volumetric strains,
ε p=ε r +ε θ + ε z
ε p=2 ε r + ε z
ε p=2(8 x 10 ¿¿−3)−0.02 ¿ = -0.004
Practical: Exercise 7.27
A developer proposes to construct an apartment building near an existing retaining wall
(Figure P7.27). The building of width 12 m and length 300 m (parallel to the retaining
wall) will impose a surface stress of 150 kPa. In the preliminary design, the long edge of the
building is located 1 m from the wall.
a) Plot the distribution of the lateral force increase with depth up to a depth of 4 m.
b) What is the maximum value of the lateral force increase, and where does it occur?
c) If the embedment depth of the retaining wall is 4 m, calculate the maximum
additional moment about the base of the wall (point O in Figure P7.27).
d) What advice would you give to the developer regarding how far the apartment
should be located from the existing retaining wall? You may assume that the load
from the apartment building can be approximated as a strip load.

Solution 7.27
a B

θ2
θ1
H0
∆ Px
q s=150 kPa , H 0=9 m, a=1m∧B=12 m.

a) Consider depth at the interval of 0.5m

The lateral force and its location given by equation developed by (Jarquio-1981)
qs
∆ P x= [ H ( θ −θ ) ]
90 0 2 1
Where;

θ1=tan
−1
( )
a
H0
, θ2=tan ( )
−1 a+ B
H0

Note that H 0 is the distance along the depth of the retaining wall

Table 1 Table showing lateral force on the retaining wall

Sno z ߠଵ ߠଶ οܲ௫
1 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.5 63.43 87.80 365.44
3 1 45.00 85.60 609.02
4 1.5 33.69 83.42 745.92
5 2 26.57 81.25 820.33
6 2.5 21.80 79.11 859.70
7 3 18.43 77.01 878.56
8 3.5 15.95 74.93 884.79
9 4 14.04 72.90 882.92
 Lateral force distribution
0
0.5
1
1.5
Depth (mm)

2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Lateral Force (kPa)

Figure 1 Graph showing lateral force to depth

b) The maximum force and its position of occurrence are;

∆ P x(max )=884.8 kN at 3.5 m

c) Additional Moment at the base of the wall;

M =∆ P x(max ) x (H 0 −3.5)

M =884.8 x ( 9−3.5 )=4866.4 kNm

d) Since we don’t have adequate information about the retaining wall, the strength and
stability analysis need to be checked with additional lateral forces from the
proposed structure.
Distance between the retaining wall and the new proposal should be suggested
after establishing the soundness of wall.