REPUBLIKA E SHQIPERISE

UNIVERSITETI POLITEKNIK I TIRANES

FAKULTETI I INXHINIERISE SE NDERTIMIT

DEGA: NDERTIM

GRUPI: III-E

PROJEKT KURSI
Lenda: Konstruksione Metalike

Punoi: Ana BREGU Pranoi: Esmerald FILAJ

Tirane 2011
TE DHENAT E PROJEKTIT TE KURSIT.

1. Skema e kapriates metalike : 12

2. Hapesira e kapriates : L=20 m
3. Hapesira midis kapriatave : B=6.0 m
4. Pjerresia e kapriates : α=15º
5. Marka e celikut : Ç-3
6. Lartesia H=L/8

Skema nr.12

PROBLEMET PER ZGJIDHJEN E PROJEKT – KURSIT.

1. Llogaritja e gjatesive gjeometrike te shufrave te kapriates.

2. Dimesionimi i trareve gjatesore te mbuleses dhe lidhjeve te tyre .
3. Dimensionimi i trareve gjatesore te tavanit.
4. Percaktimi i ngarkesave ne nyjet e kapriates.
5. Analiza statike e kapriates.
6. Kombinimi i ngarkesave per forcat e brendshme ne shufrat e brendshme te
kapriates.
7. Percaktimi I lidhjeve ne brezin e siperm te kapriatave dhe percaktimi I trashesise
“δ” te pllakave te nyjeve te kapriates.
8. Dimesionimi i shufrave te kapriates.
9. Llogaritja e nyjeve te kapriates.
10. Vizatimi i kapriates dhe lidhjeve te saj.
I. LLOGARITJA E GJATESIVE GJEOMETRIKE TE SHUFRAVE TE KAPRIATES.

Elementi Nyja “a” Nyja“b” L (cm)

1 1 2 207.06
2 2 3 207.06
3 3 4 207.06
B 4 4 5 207.06
5 5 6 207.06
6 6 7 207.06
S 7 7 8 207.06
8 8 9 207.06
9 9 10 207.06
10 10 11 207.06
21 1 12 250.00
41 11 1 250.00

11 12 13 207.06
12 13 14 207.06
13 14 15 207.06
B 14 15 16 207.06
15 16 17 200.00
P 16 17 18 200.00
17 18 19 207.06
18 19 20 207.06
19 20 21 207.06
20 21 1 207.06
22 1 13 280.32
23 2 13 250.00
24 2 14 280.32
25 3 14 250.00
26 3 15 280.32
27 4 15 250.00
R 28 4 16 280.32
29 5 16 250.00
30 6 16 360.50
31 6 17 301.80
R
32 6 18 360.50
Hollesia "M"
II.
33 7 18 250.00
34 8 18 280.32
35 8 19 250.00
36 9 19 280.32
37 9 20 250.00
38 10 20 280.32
39 10 21 250.00
40 11 21 280.32
DIMENSIONIMI I TRAREVE GJATESORE TE MBULESES DHE
I LIDHJEVE TE TYRE.
Flete llamarine
Listela druri 5x5cm cdo 25 cm
Binare druri 6x13 cm cdo 1.2 m
Tra gjatesor i mbuleses me profil C i
  Percaktimi I ngarkesave.
a) Flete llamarine celiku.

glln = 10daN / m2

gll = glln �
ng = 10 �
1.1 = 11daN / m 2
b) Listela druri (5x5)cm te vendosura cdo 25 cm.
n
glist = 4�
(0.05 � 1) 500 = 5daN / m2
0.05 ��

g list = glist
n
ng = 5 �
� 1.1 = 5.5daN / m2

c) Binare druri (6x13)cm vendosen cdo 1.2 m.

(0.06 �
0.13 ��
1) 500
n
gbin = = 3.25daN / m2
1.2
gbin = gbin
n
ng = 3.25 �
� 1.1 = 3.575daN / m 2

Ngarkesa e mbuleses.
 n
g mbul = glln + glist
n
+ gbin
n
= 10 + 5 + 3.25 = 18.25daN / m2

g mbul = gll + glist + gbin = 11 + 5.5 + 3.575 = 20daN / m2

Ngarkesa nga pesha vetjake.

Pranojme paraprakisht qe trau i mbuleses eshte i realizuar me profilin shveler C N16.

Nga tabela marim:

g npv = 14.2daN / m
gl log Pv = g npv �
1.1 = 14.2 �
1.1 = 15.62daN / m
gl log = gl log Pv �
ng = 15.62 �
1.1 = 17.2daN / m

Ngarkesa nga debora.

P 0 = 75daN / m2
n
Pdeb = P0 �
C = 75 �
1 = 75daN / m 2
P = Pdeb
n
n p = 75 �
� 1.4 = 105daN / m 2

Ngarkesa totale ne traun e mbuleses.

n
g mbul �
d
q n = g npv + + Pdeb
n
�
d
cos a

18.25 �2
q n = 15.62 + o
+ 75 �
2 = 203.25daN / m
cos15

g mbul �
d
q = g pv + + Pdeb �
d
cos a

20 �
2
q = 17.2 + + 105 �
2 = 628.44daN / m
cos15o

Trau punon ne perkulje te pjerret.

Do ti referohemi nje trau

y qe merr ngarkese te plote.
q
qx
x

qy
x

y
qnx = qn �
cos a = 268.44 �
cos15 = 261.02daN / m
qny = qn �
sin a = 268.44 �
sin15 = 61.74daN / m
qx = q �
cos a = 203.25 �
cos15 = 197.15daN / m
qy = q �
sin a = 203.25 �
sin15 = 46.75daN / m

 Percaktimi I momenteve
q perkulese
x

Mmax

qx �lx2 261.02 �
62
M xmax = = = 1174.59daNm
8 8 q y

Mmax

qy �l y2 61.74 �
32
M max
y = = = 69.46daNm
8 8 y

x x

Karakteristikat e profilit te zgjedhur:

y
  Kontrolli i traut ne soliditet:

Mx M y
s= + �R
Wx Wy

Mx M
(1 ‫ף‬+=�y +W x )
Mx
(1
M y
7) R
Wx Mx Wy Wx M x

1174.59 �
100 69.46
Wxnev =
2100
(1 +
1174.59
7) = 79.04cm3
�

 Kontrolli ne deformacion i traut:

f 1
 l  = 200
 

fx 5 � 10-2 ) �
( qxn � lx3 5 �
(197.15 �10-2 ) �
6003
= =
lx 384 � E� Ix 384 � 106 �
2.1 � Ix
E = 2.1 �106 daN / cm 2
lx = B = 600cm
I xnev = 528.08cm 4

Zgjedhim profilin shveler 14/a me karakteristika gjeometrike :

Wx = 77.8cm3
I x = 545cm 4

KONTROLLI

Mx M y
 s= + �R
Wx Wy

1174.59 69.46
s= + �R
77.8 11.1
s = 2135 �1.05R
“KUSHTI PLOTESOHET”

DIMENSIONIMI I TIRANTEVE
 qy

Ry=1.25*qy*ly

Ry = 1.25q y �
ly
N dr = 3.5 �
Ry = 3.5 �
1.25 � 3 = 810.34daN
61.74 �
B/2
�F H = 0 � 2 N pj �
cos g - N dr + Ry = 0 � tg g =
d / cos a
= 1.46 � g = 61.7 0

N dr + Ry 3.5 Ry + Ry 4.5 �
1.25 �61.74 �
3
N pj = = = = 913.9daN
2 cos g 2�
0.57 2� 0.57

Bejme dimensionimin duke u nisur nga kontrolli ne soliditet:

913.9
N Fnet = = 0.54
s= �R � m 0.8 �2100
Fnet
4� 0.54
N dr 810.34 d= = 0.82cm
Fnet =
dr
= = 0.48cm 2
3.14
R� m 2100 � 0.8
3.5 �Ry 3.5 � 1.25 �
qy �l y 3.5 �
1.25 �
61.74 �
3
N pj 913.9 Fnet = = = = 0.48
Fnet =
pj
= = 0.54cm 2
a� R a� R 0.8 �
2100
R� m 2100 � 0.8
4�0.48
d= = 0.78cm � tg g
3.14
Nga Tab 15 SH gjejme

III. DIMENSIONIMI I TRAREVE GJATESORE TE TAVANIT.

  Percaktimi I ngarkesave.

a) Traret terthore te rrjetit.

gtrn = 12daN / m2
gtr = gtrn �
ng = 12 �
1.1 = 13.2daN / m 2
b) Termoizoluesi.

n
gterm = 24daN / m2
c) gterm = gterm
n
1.2 = 28.8daN / m 2 Rrjete hekuri e rrumbullaket.
ng = 24 �
�
n
g rrjet = 15daN / m2

g rrjet = g rrjet
n
ng = 15 �
� 1.1 = 16.5daN / m 2
d) Suvatim me rrjete teli.
n
g suv = 145daN / m 2
g suv = g suv
n
ng = 145 �
� 1.2 = 174daN / m 2
Ngarkesa e tavanit.
n
gtav = gtrn + gterm
n
+ grrjet
n
+ g suv
n
= 12 + 24 + 15 + 145 = 196daN / m 2

gtav = gtr + gterm + grrjet + gsuv = 13.2 + 28.8 + 16.5 + 174 = 232.5daN / m2

Ngarkesa e perkohshme ne tavan

n
Ptav = 75daN / m 2
Ptav = Ptav
n
n p = 75 �
� 1.4 = 105daN / m2

Ngarkesa nga pesha vetjake.

g npv = 24daN / m
g llpv = g npv �
1.1 = 24 �
1.1 = 26.4daN / m
g pv = g llpv �
1.1 = 29daN / m

Ngarkesa totale ne traun e tavanit.

 d
q n = g npv + gtav
n
� + Pn �
d
cos g tav
2
q n = 26.4 + 196 � + 75 �
2 = 579.54daN / m
cos15
d
q = g pv + gtav � +P � d
cos g tav
2
q = 29 + 232.5 � + 105 �
2 = 717.21daN / m
cos15

 Percaktimi i momenteve perkulese.

q

Mmax

q � l 2 717.21�
62
M max
= = = 3227.45daNm
8 8

SOLIDITET DEFORMACION

M f 5� 10 -2 ) �
(q n � l3 5 � 10-2 ) �
(579.54 � 6003
s = R = =
Wx l 384 � E� Ix 384 � 106 �
2.1 � Ix
I x = 1552cm 4
M 117459
Wx = = = 153.69cm3
R 2100

Wx = 184cm3
Zgjedhim nga tabela 20 SH Profilin me karakteristikat:
I x = 1840cm 4
IV. PERCAKTIMI I NGARKESAVE NE NYJET E KAPRIATES.

a) Ngarkesa e mbuleses.
n
g mbul = glln + glist
n
+ gbin
n
= 10 + 5 + 3.25 = 18.25daN / m 2

g mbul = gll + glist + gbin = 11 + 5.5 + 3.575 = 20daN / m2

 b) Ngarkesa e tavanit.
n
gtav = gtrn + gterm
n
+ g rrjet
n
+ g suv
n
= 12 + 24 + 15 + 145 = 196daN / m 2

g mbul = gll + glist + g rrjet + gbin = 13.2 + 28.8 + 16.5 + 174 = 232.5daN / m 2

c) Mbingarkesa nga debora.

P 0 = 75daN / m 2
n
Pdeb = P0 �
C = 75 �
1 = 75daN / m 2
Pdeb = 105daN / m 2

d) Mbingarkesa ne tavan.
n
Ptav = 75daN / m 2
Ptav = Ptav
n
 n p = 75  1.4 = 105daN / m 2

e) Ngarkesa nga profilit C16.

g n C16 = 15.62daN / m
gC16 = 17.2daN / m

f) Ngarkesa e profilit dopio T.

g dtn = 26.4daN / m
g dt = 29daN / m

n
g mbul gCn 16 n
gtav g dtn
q =
n
+ + + + Pdeb
n
+ Ptav
n
cos a d / cos a cosb d / cos b

18.25 15.62 196 26.4

qn = + + + + 75 + 75 = 391.26daN / m2
cos15 2 / cos15 cos15 2 / cos15

g) Pesha vetiake e kapriates.

 qn �
B 391.26 �
6
g kap = 1.5 �
(1.8 + L = 1.5 �
) �� (1.8 + 20 = 124.43daN / m
)�
1000 1000

NGARKESAT E PERHERSHME.

a. Ngarkesa ne Brezin e Siperm.

n
g �� B d g � d 20 ��
6 2 136.87 �
2
Gs = mbul B + vkap =
+ gC16 � + 17.2 �
6+ = 487.5daN
cos a 2 cos15 2

b. Ngarkesa ne Brezin e Poshtem.

n
d g � d 2 136.87 �
2
G p = gtav �
B B + vkap =
+ g dt � 6 232.5 + 29 �
�� 6+ = 3187.16daN
cos a pv
2 cos15 2

NGARKESAT E PERKOHSHME.

a. Ngarkesat e perkohshme nga debora

Pdeb = Pdeb �
B�d = 105 ��
6 2 = 1260daN

b. Mbingarkesa ne tavan.

Ptav = Ptav �
B�d = 105 ��
6 2 = 1260daN

Gs = 487.5daN
G p = 3187.16daN

Ps = 1260daN
Pp = 1260daN

V. PERCAKTIMI I LIDHJEVE NE BREZIN E SIPERM TE KAPRIATES DHE

PERCAKTIMI I TRASHESISE “δ” TE PLLAKAVE TE NYJEVE TE
KAPRIATES.

δ = f (Nmax –rrjetit )

Nmax-rrjetit 20000 20000 ÷ 45000÷ 75000 ÷ 115000÷

(daN) 45000 75000 115000 165000

δ (mm) 8 10 12 14 16
Nmax=58185daN
δ = 12mm

LIDHJET.

VIII. DIMESIONIMI I SHUFRAVE TE KAPRIATES.

a) BREZI I SIPERM I KAPRIATES.

Brezi I siperm I kapriates punon ne shtypje qendrore, dimesionimin e tij do ta bejme

per forcen max qe vepron ne Brezin e Siperm. Seksionin e gjetur do ta mbajme te
pandryshuar gjate gjithe gjatesise te brezit.

Nmax=-58186 daN
Shufra 4

lox = l = 205.69cm
l0 y = l0 x = 205.69cm

“ l- gjatesia gjeometrike e elementit ”.

 Kushti ne soliditet.
N
s = R
Fnet

N 581861
Fnet = = = 27.7cm2
R 2100

 Kushti ne qendrueshmeri.
N
s = R
Fnet

N
F nev =
fmin R
58186
F = nev
= 46.2cm2 F1L = 23.1cm 2
0.6 �
2100
Pranojme: l p < [l ]

{l p = 100 � f = 0.6}
l0 x
lx = = lp 205.69
rx rx nev = ry nev = = 2.06cm lmax = (lx ; l y ) = l p
� 100
l0 y fmin = f (lmax ) = 0.6
ly = = lp 205.69
rr rx min = ry min = = 1.70cm
120
RASTI 1. (Tabela 18 SH)

Profili 2L 100x14 barabrinjes.

F2 L = 52.6cm 2
rx = 3.00cm
ry = 4.68cm
Kontrolli ne qendrueshmeri.
 l0 x 205.69
lx = = = 68.8 < [l ]
rx 3.00
� lmax = max(lx ; l y ) = l y = 68.8
l0 y
205.69
ly = = = 43.9 < [l ]
rr 4.68
fmin = f (l y ) = 0.818

N
s= �R
f Fbr
Fbr = Fnet = F
58186
s= = 1352.3daN / cm 2 < R
0.818*52.6
RASTI 2. (Tabela 20 sh)

Profili 2L (160x100 x10)

F = 50.5cm 2
rx = 5.13cm
ry = 4.04cm
Kontrolli ne qendrueshmeri.

l0 x 205.69
lx = = = 40 < [l ]
rx 5.13
� lmax = max(lx ; l y ) = l y = 51
l0 y
205.69
ly = = = 51 < [l ]
rr 4.04
fmin = f (l y ) = 0.887

N
s= �R
fF
58186
s= = 1299daN / cm 2 < R
0.887 *50.5

ZGJEDH profilin 2L 100x14 barabrinjes.

b) BREZI I POSHTEM I KAPRIATES.

Brezi i poshtem i kapriates punon ne terheqje qendrore, dimesionimin e tij do ta bejme

per forcen max qe vepron ne brezin e poshtem. Seksionin e gjetur do ta mbajme te
pandryshuar gjate gjithe gjatesise se brezit.

Nmax=50829.4 da
Shufra 14
l0 x = l = 205.69cm

“l- gjatesia gjeometrike e elementit”.

 Kushti ne soliditet.
N
s = R
F
N 50829.4
F nev = = = 24.2cm 2
R 2100

 Kushti ne qendrueshmeri.
205.69
rx min = = 0.514cm
400

RASTI 1.(Tabela 18 SH) RASTI 2. (Tabela 20 SH)

Profili 2L (75x9) Profili 2L (100x63x8)

F2 L = 25.6cm 2 F2 L = 25.2cm 2
rx = 2.27cm rx = 3.18cm
Kontrolli ne qendrueshmeri. Kontrolli ne qendrueshmeri

l0 x 205.69
l
lx = 0 x =
205.69
= 90.6 < [l ]
lx = = = 64.7 < [l ]
rx 3.18
rx 2.27

ZGJEDH profilin barabrinjes 2L (75x9).

c) SHUFRAT E RRJETIT.

SHTYPJE
[N ] =  �F� R = 0.32 � 9.6 �2100 = 6451.2daN
[l ] = 400
lx = [l ] = 150 � l0 x max = rx * lx = 1.53*150 = 229.5cm
l y = [l ] = 150 � loy max = ry * ly = 2.53*150 = 379.5cm
TERHEQJE
[ N ] = F * R = 9.6* 2100 = 20160daN
[l ] = 400
lx = [l ] = 400 � l0 x max = rx * lx = 1.53* 400 = 612cm
l y = [l ] = 400 � loy max = ry * ly = 2.53* 400 = 1012cm
 “Dimensionimi i shufrave qe ne
terheqje”

Shufra 29/33
Shufra 28/34
N = 892daN
N = 10336daN
l0 x = l = 250cm
l0 x = l = 280.32cm
N  [N ]
N  [N ]
l0 x < lox max
l0 x < l ox max
Pranojme profilin 2L (50x5)
Pranojme profilin 2L (50x5)

Shufra 31 Shufra 30/32

N = 4242daN N = 13034.8

l0 x = l = 301.8cm l0 x = l = 360.5cm

N  [N ] N  [N ]
l 0 x < l ox max l0 x < l ox max

Pranojme profilin 2L (50x5) Pranojme profilin 2L (50x5)

Shufra 26/36

N = 16380.1daN

l0 x = l = 280.32cm

N  [N ]
l0 x < lox max

Pranojme profilin 2L (50x5)

Shufra 22/40

N = 29431.7daN
l0 x = l = 280.32cm

N
s = R
F
 N 29431.7
F = = = 14cm 2
R 2100

l0 x l 280.32
lx = = [ l ] � rxmin = ox = = 0.7
rx [ l ] 400

TEK TAB 18 SH GJEJME:

F2 L = 15.6cm 2
rx = 2.75cm

Kontrolli ne aftesi mbajtese:

l 280.32
lx = 0 x = = 101.9 �[ l ]
rx 2.75
Pranojme profilin 2L (90x9x10)

Kete profil do pranojme edhe per shufrat 24 dhe 28 qe kane force N=23074.8.

“Dimensionimi i shufrave ne shtypje.”

Meqenese shufrat qe punojne ne shtypje e kane forcen me te madhe se forca

kufitare e profilit barabrinjes 2L(50x5) atehere ato do ti dimensionojme sipas
shufres me te ngarkuar.

N max = -27356.1daN
 l0 x = 250cm
l0 y = 250cm

{l p = 100 � f = 0.6}
l0 x 250
lx = = lp rx nev = = 2.5cm lmax = (lx ; l y ) = l p
rx 100
� 250 fmin = f (lmax ) = 0.6
l0 y ry nev = = 2.5cm
ly = = lp 100
rr

27356.1
F nev = -
= 21.7cm 2
0.6* 2100
TEK TABELA 18 SH GJEJME:

F nev = 22.8cm 2

rx nev = 3.03cm
ry nev = 4.63cm

Kontrolli ne qendrueshmeri

l0 x 250
lx = = = 82.5 < [l ]
rx 3.03
� lmax = max(lx ; l y ) = lx = 82.5
l0 y
250
ly = = = 54 < [l ]
rr 4.63
fmin = f (l y ) = 0.736

27356.1
s= = 1630.2daN / cm 2 < R
0.736 �
22.8

Pranojme profilin 2L (100x12)

Q N3

3
IX. N26
LLOGARITJA E NYJEVE TE KAPRIATES.
N2
Elementet do te bashkohen me pllakat e nyjeve me tegela ballor, tegelat
punojne ne prerje. Ne baze te kushtit ne sforcime tangenciale do te behet
percaktimi I htegelit,ltegelit. N25
Nyja 3.
BASHKIMI ME SALDIM PER SHUFREN (26)

N 26 = 16380.1daN
N 25 = -16300.8daN
N 2 = -38672.1daN
N 3 = -50719.8daN
“Profili 2L (50x5)”

T ' = 0.72 * N = 0.72 *16380.1 = 11793 .7daN

T " = 0.28 * N = 0.28 *16380.1 = 4586.4daN
Dimensionimi:

N
=  Rtk
0.7 * ht * lt

Lartesia e tegelit te brrylit: Lartesia e tegelit te cepit:

h't = 1.2 *  min = 1.2 * 5 = 6mm h"t =  - s = 5 - 1 = 4mm

s = f ( 1 )
 min = min( :  pll ) = 5mm

h ' t = 6 mm
h"t = 4 mm
T'
2 11793.7 / 2
l't = k
+1 = + 1 = 11cm
0.7 * h' t *Rt 0.7 * 0.6 *1500
l t''min = 15ht' = 15 * 0.6 = 9cm

T "
l "t = 2 + 1
0.7 * h"t *Rtk
l t''min = 15ht'' = 15 * 0.4
BASHKIMI ME SALDIM PER SHUFREN (25).

N 25 = -16300.8daN

“Profili 2L (100x12)”

T ' = 0.72 * N = 0.72 *16300.8 = 11737 daN

T " = 0.28 * N = 0.28 *16300.8 = 4564daN
Dimensionimi:

N
 =  Rtk
0.7 * ht * lt

Lartesia e tegelit te brrylit: h"t =  - s = 5 - 1 = 4mm

h't = 1.2 *  min = 1.2 * 5 = 6mm
s = f ( 1 )
 min = min( :  pll ) = 5mm

Lartesia e tegelit te cepit:

h ' t = 6 mm
h"t = 4 mm

N'
2 11737 / 2
l 't = k
+1= + 1 = 11cm
0.7 * h' t *Rt 0.7 * 0.6 * 1500
l t''min = 15ht' = 15 * 0.6 = 9cm

N"
l "t = 2 + 1
0.7 * h"t *Rtk
l t''min = 15ht'' = 15 * 0.4

BASHKIMI ME SALDIM PER SHUFREN (2;3).

N 2 = -38672.1daN
N 3 = -50719.8daN

Profili 2L 100x14 barabrinjes.

Q = G SIP + 0.9 * Pdeb = 487.5 + 0.9 * 1260 = 1621.5daN

 QH = N 2 cos a - N 3 cos a = 38672.1cos a - 50719.8 cos a = 11714 daN

 QV = Q + N 3 sin a - N 2 sin a = 1621.5 + 50719.8  sin 15 - 38672.1sin 15 = 4434daN

QV 4434
V '= = = 2217 daN
2 2
QV 4434
V "= = = 2217 daN
2 2

T ' = 0.72 * NH = 0.72 *11714 = 8434daN

T " = 0.28 * NH = 0.28 *11714 = 3280daN
R' = T ' 2 +V ' 2 = 8434 2 + 2217 2 = 8720.5d
R" = T " 2 +V " 2 = 3280 2 + 2217 2 = 3959d

Dimensionimi:

N
 =  Rtk
0.7 * ht * lt

Lartesia e tegelit te brrylit h"t =  - s = 10 - 2 = 8mm

h't = 1.2 *  min = 1.2 *12 = 15mm

 min = min( :  pll ) = 12mm h ' t = 15mm

Lartesia e tegelit te cepit h"t = 8mm
 R'
2 8720.5 / 2
l 't = k
+1 = + 1 = 4cm
0.7 * h' t *Rt 0.7 * 1.5 * 1500
l t''min = 15ht' = 15 * 1.5 = 23cm

R"
l "t = 2 + 1
0.7 * h" t *Rtk
l t''min = 15ht'' = 15 * 0.8

Pranojme konstruktivisht 23cm Pranojme konstruktivisht 12cm