]

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE THERMOELECTRIC CHARGER

USING THE HEAT OF CANDLES

_____________________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of High School Department
Of General De Jesus College
San Isidro, Nueva Ecija

______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of The Requirements for Senior High School

By:

John Christian S. Garcia

March 15, 2019

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ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “Effectiveness of

Thermoelectric Charger Using the Heat of the Candles”
prepared and submitted by John Christian S. Garcia in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High
School, has been examined and is hereby recommended for
acceptance and approval for an oral examination.

Feb. 21, 2019 Dr. Gina Garcia

Date Adviser

Panel of Examiners

Dr. Ma. Teresita C. Vega Engr.Joselito Nagayo

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements

for Senior High School by the Committee of Oral
Examination.

March 15, 2019 ARLENE S. GARCIA, Ph.D.

Date High School Principal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the researchers would like to give back

all the Praises and Adoration to our Almighty God, for his
unfailing guidance and support to make the researcher piece
of work successful.

The researcher wants to express their appreciation to

his research adviser, Dr. Gina Garcia for her continuous
support and guidance in every task to fulfill this study,
she enables the researcher to strive and study harder to
finish this study.

The Researcher would like to thank those people who

helped to accomplish this project especially to his parents
who supported and guided him in building the research
project and also for supporting financially, emotionally,
mentally and morally while doing this research.

To friends and classmates who supported him all

throughout the study. And to the fellow households who
became the respondents of this study and spent their time
and effort in answering the interviews. Thank you all for
your unfailing support and assistance.
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DEDICATION
The researcher

passionately dedicate this

a piece of work to his loving and caring

parents, friends and classmates, teachers, families

and to our Great and Almighty God who

give knowledge and wisdom in

making this research

study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ........................................ I

Approval Sheet .................................... II

Acknowledgement ................................... III

Dedication ........................................ IV

Table of Contents ................................. V

Thesis Abstract ................................... VIII

Background/Rationale .............................. VIII

Summary ........................................... IX

Fimding ........................................... XI

Conclusion ........................................ XV

Recommendation .................................... XV

Chapter Page

1 Problem and Its Setting

Introduction ...................................... 1

Theoretical Framework ............................. 2

Research Paradigm ................................. 4

Statement of the Problem .......................... 5

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Hypothesis ........................................ 5

Scope and Delimitation ............................ 5

Significant of the Study .......................... 6

Definition of Terms ............................... 7

2 Review Of Related Literature And Studies

Related Literature ............................... 8

Related Studies .................................. 12

Relationship of the Present Study to the Literature and

Study Reviewed ................................... 15

3 Research Methodology

Research Design .................................. 16

Research Locale .................................. 16

The School Philosophy, Mission, Vision ........... 17

Map of San Isidro ................................ 18

Sample and Sampling Procedure .................... 19

Data Gathering Procedures ........................ 19

Research Materials ............................... 19

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Developing Candle Charger ........................ 20

Testing the Efficiency ........................... 21

Statistical Treatment............................. 21

4 Presentation, Analysis, And Interpretation Of Data

Establishment of the Need to Develop a Thermoelectric

Charger Using the Heat of Candles ................ 22

The Effectiveness of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat of

A Candle can Describe regarding .................. 25

Factors Affecting the Performance of Thermoelectric

Charger Using Heat of Candle...................... 29

Significant Different Between the Other Alternative

Mobile Device Charger............................. 31

5 Summary Of Findings, Conclusions, And Recommendations

Summary of Finding................................ 32

Major Findings ................................... 33

Conclusion ....................................... 37
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Recommendations .................................. 38

Appendices ....................................... 40

Curriculum Vitae ................................. 42

References ....................................... 43
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List of Tables

Tables Page

1 Number Of Respondents Who Use Different

Kinds Of Alternative Source Of Energy.............. 34

2 Prefered Features Of The Alternative Charger....... 35

3 Numbers Of Respondents Who Are Willing To Use A

Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat Of Candles....... 36

4 Number Of Respondents Who Agreed That There

Is A Need To Develop An Alternative Source

Of Charging Mobile Devices........................ 36

5 Amount Of Output Voltage Produce.................. 38

6 Types Of Mobile Devices That Are Compatible

To The Candle Charger............................. 39

7 Performance Of The Candles With and Without

Glass............................................. 40

8 Types Of Mobile Devices Charge Using The

Candle Charger.................................... 41
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List of Figures

Figures Page

1 Research Paradigm.................................. 6

2 Map of San Isidro.................................. 28

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THESIS ABSTRACT

TITLE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERMOELECTRIC

CHARGER USING THE HEAT OF CANDLES

RESEARCHERS: John Christian S. Garcia

ADVISER: Dr. Gina B. Garcia

SCHOOL: General De Jesus College

___________________________________________________________

Rationale/Background

Most of the people depend on mobile devices in their

daily life. They use it for work, entertainments,

communications, news, games, it makes them satisfied, it

makes their day complete, it fulfills their pleasure, and

most of all it makes their life easy. In our generation,

almost all things can do in one tap or in one click. That

is why most of the people felt useless if the mobile device

were removed.

In a country that is prone to calamities like the

Philippines it often experiences sudden power interruption

that will lead to delayed or interruption to everyone’s

work.

The energy crisis is undeniably a major impediment to

growth and development in most areas of the world because

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many countries seeking to develop and become industrialized

must first address their energy challenges so as to have

readily available adequate and affordable energy goods and

services. Electricity is key to socioeconomic and

technological development as recognized by the Millennium

Development Goals and the World Summit on Sustainable

Development. Electricity makes life worthwhile in a modern

society such that the increased consumption of energy,

particularly commercial energy like electricity now

symbolize high economic status of a country (Aladejare,

2014).

Due to this existing problem, the researcher came up

with the idea to develop a thermoelectric charger using the

heat of a candle which is an alternative source of

electricity that can be used in time of emergency. In this

solution, all households will benefit because of its

characteristics. The thermoelectric charger using the heat

of candles are handy that will carry any were, it doesn’t

need large space to work on and it is affordable. Not only

mobile devices can be work on it including Bluetooth

earphones and 5v fans.

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This study made use of developmental and experimental

method of research. Through the use of this kind of

research method, the researchers were able to test the

number of candles needed to run the candle charger.

Major Findings

The findings of this study were summarized as follows:

1. Establishment of the need to develop a thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles

Based on the data gathered by the researcher, 95% of

the respondents claimed that they are experiencing sudden

brownouts and blackouts even in time of calamities or not.

Most of the respondents do not have an alternative source

of electricity and seek a way to recharge their devices,

and some of them experience a problem in charging their

mobile device during these cases. 90% of the respondents

agreed that there is a need to develop the thermoelectric

charger using the heat of a candle and they are willing to

use it in times of emergency.

2. The Effectiveness of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat

of a Candle
90% of the respondents said that the thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles should be affordable.

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Followed by 65% who said that it just works very well and

45% said it should be handy and 20% said that it should be

eco-friendly and efficient to use, 5% said that it should

have a good design.

2.1 MATERIAL USED

The researcher uses a Peltier tile which was eco-

friendly and efficient to use. The researcher also used

carbon steel, this metal is likely the stainless steel, but

it is not expensive. Aside from the circuit board, a

rechargeable battery was installed to save energy and can

use even the candle was not burn.

2.2 DESIGN

The design of this alternative charger is likely a

briefcase size; it is an eco-friendly and handy and

efficient way of using and harvesting heat and turn in to

electricity to charge mobile devices.

2.3 DURABILITY

The case is made with carbon steel which is more

robust than stainless steel, and also it does not quickly

get rust.
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2.4 VOLTAGE PRODUCE

The researcher conducted several trials to determine

the most stable state in producing electricity to charge

mobile devices. On trial three (3) the researcher used five

pieces candles it can supply the heat needed to produce

enough output voltage of 5.3v to charge mobile devices.

Gray 2015, stated that the Candle Charger uses a

thermoelectric generator to convert the heat from a naked

flame into around 2.5 Watts or 6.25 Volts of energy.

2.5 AVERAGE TIME TO FULLY CHARGE A PHONE

The researcher conducted several trials in different

types of mobile devices to determine the time consuming to

charge mobile devices fully. If the battery capacity of a

phone is larger it takes more time to make it full. If the

battery capacity is average and below it takes 2-3 hours to

charge mobile device fully.

3. Factors Affecting the Performance of Thermoelectric

Charger Using Heat of Candles

Based on the data gathered there are some factors

might affecting the performance of thermoelectric charger
using the heat of a candle.
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3.1 Candles Used to Generate Electricity

The data presents the performance of the candle with

glass and the candle without glass. The data result that
the life of a candle with a glass has a lot longer life
than the normal candles. According to Miley 2019, Votive
candles and tea lights are the most common sizes of a
candle, with votives measuring 2 to 2.5 inches high and 1.5
inches in diameter and tea lights being 1 7/16 inch in
diameter and 5/8 to 7/8 inch high. Votives last for 10 to
15 hours and tea lights burn for 4 to 6 hours, depending on
manufacturer and conditions.

3.2 Types of Mobile Devices Charge Using the Candle Charger

The researcher tested the generator from different

types of mobile devices to test the charge stability and
compatibility of the generator to the device. Those devices
with a charging volt of 5 volts below are the best devices
compatible for the thermoelectric charger using the heat of
a candle. If the phone need 6 volts and up the phone will
charge but did not gain percent charge because the
generator cannot fully support energy.

4. Significant Different Between the Other Alternative

Mobile Device Charger

There is a significant difference between the other

alternative sources of energy because it is easy to
utilize, easy to carry, not prone to dilemmas, it uses
candles that are affordable, and it is more convenient.
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Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were

drawn:

Majority of the respondents are suffering from sudden

power interruption it can delay some of their task cause of
unavailability of electricity. They do not know where to
charge their mobile devices. Because of these situations
they encounter they agreed that there is a need to develop
an alternative source of energy which is the thermoelectric
charger using the heat of a candle.

Most of the respondents prefer that the candle charger

must be working very well, eco-friendly, affordable, and
can be used to the fullest.

Meanwhile, the device that only compatible with the

candle charger must have a charging voltage of 5 volts and
below it also work anything that is 5v like fans, LED
lights Bluetooth earphones.

Recommendations

The following recommendations were derive from the

findings and conclusions.

1. Future researchers should continue developing and

improving thermoelectric charger using the heat of a
candle. Enhance the voltage produce to make it
available to all types of technology.
2. Future generation should widen and extend the idea
of thermal conversion to improve people’s living
standards.
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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

A mobile device is one of the famous technologies

invented. It is a work of art by Mr. Alexander Graham bell

in 1976 it uses electricity to run make it run but as time

passes by telephones was developed by the past researchers.

The mobile device on our generation can do almost all

things. It also occupies a big part in the daily life of

every people. They use it in school, offices, at homes and

other places but there is a time that they running out of

electricity or power interruptions.

Power interruptions are one of the most significant

problems faced by Filipinos because it can delay some of

their task cause of unavailability of electricity.

Charging mobile phones with 3000 mAh of battery

capacity take 2-3 hours to load fully, it consumes 10.9

watts and may cost about 0.43 pesos per hour. Charging also

a power bank with a 10,000 mAh capacity of battery consumes

80 watts hour may cost 2.29 pesos per hour, it takes 5-7

hours to load a standard power bank fully. It is indeed a

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problem especially if the household does not have

enough money.

That is why there different researches and experiments

are done to develop an efficient and alternative source of

electricity. Some are wind turbines that convert kinetic

energy into electrical energy this can only be placed at

the high ground or in an open and wide area like mountains

and seashores, water turbines this type of turbines uses a

rotary engine that takes energy from the moving water. We

can usually see it in rivers and dams, solar panels it can

absorb sunlight and generate electricity this is efficient

especially in a time of emergency: there "a lot of useful

and alternative inventions and experiments conducted by the

former researchers.

According to Energy Information Administration,

emergency capacity additions are mostly from diesel

generators. Other alternative sources of electricity are

from solar panels and mills. Currently, the governments are

still fighting for the energy shortage by marketing variety

of an alternative source of energy such as the solar panels

and generators which are more efficient to use than home

electricity (eia.gov.2017).
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However, even the efficiency of these researches there

still weakness and disadvantage. Some cannot afford by all

households because it is costly, too noisy, and it is not

handy.

Conservation of energy is the practice of decreasing

the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar

outcome of ends use. It is also the means reduction or

elimination of unnecessary energy used and wasted (Vader,

2009).

Due to the demands of conserving energy, the

researchers aimed to develop a candle heat charger, more

effective and more efficient, a tool that will supply

enough power to charge mobile devices. Using alternative

energy source of electricity helps in conserving energy.

Energy outage is near; therefore there is a need to save

energy and use it wisely.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the Second Law of

Thermodynamics by James Clark Maxwell (1867).

This law served as a fundamental truth about the

designed and on how works the thermoelectric charger using

 ]

the heat of candles. The thermoelectric charger utilizing

the heat of candles is made up of Peltier device that heat

pump, solid state thermoelectric cooler, and a Dc-Dc USB

port converter which is an electronic circuit device that

converts a source of direct current from one voltage level

to another. The candle will serve as the source of heat;

once the Peltier device was heated, it will generate and

produce energy.

Therefore, the Input-Process-Output paradigm was

applied to practical use to find out the competence of

thermoelectric charger to supply enough electricity to

charge mobile devices with an output of 6 volts and below.

The Input portion of this analysis was the progress of

the thermoelectric charger using the heat of candles. The

attribute handy thermoelectric charger to illustrate

regarding equipment's used, designs and pattern, proof of

durability, and reasoning that has an impact in the

performance of thermoelectric charger in creating and

producing electricity to charge mobile devices regarding

the heat of candles that will generate electricity.

The Process includes the facts and statistics

collected in the reference analysis, test and trials of

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experimentation, documentation data, and information

evidence.

The Output component contains the efficiency of a

thermoelectric charger.

The research paradigm is present in figure 1.

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Input
 The need for a Candle Charger.
 Time needed for the gadget to be
charge.
 Effectiveness of the proposed
Candle Charger.

Process
When the candle was heated the
peltier molecule will absorb the heat
that will create power to charge any
mobile devices.

Output
 Saving money for the poor people.
 Charge mobile devices.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

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Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to develop a charger using the heat

of candles that can be used anywhere and can produce enough

power to recharge mobile devices.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the

following questions:

1. How may the need to develop an alternative source

of energy such as thermoelectric charger be

established?

2. How many the effectiveness of the thermoelectric

charger can describe in terms of:

2.1 Materials used;

2.2 Design;

2.3 Durability;

2.4 voltage produced; and

2.5 Average time fully charge a phone;

3. What are the possible factors affecting the

performance of the thermoelectric charger in

generating electricity to charge mobile devices?

3.1 Candle that will serve as a fuel; and

3.2 Mobile devices?

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4. Is there a significant difference between the other

mobile device chargers?

Hypothesis

The thermoelectric charger using the heat of a candle

is useful and efficient in charging mobile devices.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on determining the efficiency of

candles as an alternative way of creating electricity to

charge any mobile devices by converting heat energy into

electrical energy.

The device used to produce energy is the Peltier

molecule. These are a type of generator that has a chemical

substance that can absorb heat and convert into a small

voltage of electricity to give power to any mobile devices.

A DC-DC boost USB port converter is used to convert

small to higher voltage energy of electricity. It is added

to the test and determines the effect on the performance of

the candle heat as a charger to create and maximize the

voltage produced by the heat energy coming from candles.

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The candle heat charger is tested on mobile devices

that have an output of 5 volts.

The Significance of the Study

This study aimed to make every person aware that they

can save electricity consumption using candle heat as an

alternative source of energy. It is also has a significant

contribution to the environment. This research will be

beneficial to the following:

Households. Considering that high consumption of

electricity is one of the most significant problems in

every family, this research is highly relevant to them

because it might lessen electric bills and can provide them

power electricity enough for them to charge small

electronic gadgets especially in times of emergency.

Future generation. It is important to everyone

especially the future generation for once the project was

perfected and become marketable, people would not pay the

too high electricity bill and to help save the environment.

Future researches. This study can be used and will

serve as a basis to guide future researchers to further

development of this project.

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School. This study can be used by the school officials

to teach the student that there are other ways to generate

electricity other than the way they know. It can give many

people; especially the students, knowledge about the

circuitry or mechanism of this device. It means that

researchers can help to create a guide near develop more

innovative products and support to transform the way people

live in a more efficient and eco-friendly way.

Definition of terms

Candle - A cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a

central wick that is lit to produce light and heat as it

burns.

Charger – It is used to give an amount of electricity

to something to run something.

DC-DC USB Port Converter – It is used to convert low

power voltage of electricity to a higher voltage of

electricity.

Eco-friendly - It is not harmful to the environment.

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Efficiency - The ability to do something or produce

something without wasting materials, time, or energy: The

quality or degree of being efficient.

Electrical Wires – It is an assembly of one or more

wires running side by side or bundled, which is used to

carry electric current.

Heat - It is energy transferred from one system to

another as a result of thermal interactions. The amount of

heat transferred in any process will define as the total

amount of transferred energy excluding any macroscopic

works done and any transfer of part of the object itself.

Mobile Devices – It is an electronic device which its

user can easily carry with them. It is the standard

technology; it is handy and efficient to use anywhere.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter represents the review of related

literature and studies. These include Foreign Literature,

Local Literature Local studies, and Relevance of the

Related Literature and Studies.

The researcher focuses on the literature that is

related to this project, the Thermoelectric Generator. The

following are some patented projects that are similar to

this study.

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Cao et al. (2017), wrote an article investigating the

thermoelectric properties of Phenalenyl-based single-

molecule devices using the non-equilibrium Green’s function

method combined with the density functional theory.

Researchers find that the thermoelectric properties will

regulate by changing the contact geometry of Phenalenyl

molecule, which is mainly affected by the different of the

electronic transport performance.

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Moreover, the thermoelectric performance of the

molecular devices increases rapidly with the decrease in

temperature, indicating that these devices are a favor to

affectivity use at low temperature and room temperature.

Also, we find that the change of coupling between molecule

and electrodes can also enhance ZT value significantly. The

results show that M11 and M12 have great potential in a

thermoelectric application in the future.

Karri (2012) indicated that progress of the authentic

feature of thermoelectric modules in addition to the

quality improvement of the figure has limited interest

based on force - flux formalism. Thermoelectric power

conversion is the feasible key for the replacement of heat

into electrical energy. The Thermoelectric power generation

came from Seebeck effect which is no moving parts and made

up of robust state technology. The primary purpose of the

Thermoelectric generator was to act on plenty of parametric

and optimization studies. The Optimization studies were

showed to find out the impact of system size, the state of

coolant flow and exhaust, an increase of net made by TEG

and thermoelectric materials.

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Through heat, thermoelectric energy gives the

opportunity to save energy, which is an alternative source

of energy. It denotes that the body heat can harvest energy

that can give power to specific small devices but only on

the cold atmosphere. Nevertheless, there's an exceedingly

marginal value of dominion output that can practically

realize, and three factors operate it — first, the volume

of heat in the human body.

At last, the practice is to give work the DT/T, as

long as it is safe and nearly controlled every percentage

of body heat of human. Therefore, the entire power output

would not give indentation in the whole global power

requirements. Thereby, as a large-scale power solution, it

is not convenient, but as a niche application, but it

arouses curiosity (Stevens, 2016).

Lopa (2016) stated that switching matrix recognized as

a converter. As times goes by over the years, industry like

portable electronics upgraded different requirements like

amplified the battery lifespan, small cheap system,

evident, intense color reflect and a necessity for more

talk time on devices. Because of the increasing demand from

the electricity system has put power usage at a higher

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price. Engineers worked together around growing capable

conversion procedure likewise that resulted in the

following formal amplification of an interdisciplinary area

of Power Electronics. Someway, it is expecting to this new

field has offered opposition due to the odd mixture of two

essential disciplines of electrical engineering:

electronics and power.

As studied by Del and Wei (2008) the thermoelectric-

based power generation was produced to be heaped into the

external fence of a fume tube is presented. Every

conference can attach a thermal block, a garment of

thermoelectric modules and a cold block method. This

creation can produce a thermal channel using hot block

towards warm plates of the modules. The heat tube and cold

block can include onto which fins are enclosed.

Local Literature

Muñoz and Manansala (2017), The writer in a journal

entitled “Heat radiating approach for harvesting heat of

cook stove to generate electricity for a lighting system

and charging of mobile phones. The thermoelectric module

converts heat waste into electrical energy and store in an

appropriate battery bank by implementing a DC charger

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circuit in order to be a useable source of electricity. A

single thermoelectric module is utilized to convert a small

portion of heat from the stove to electricity. A

thermoelectric module can generate power and provide a

source of heating and cooling. Each of which is consist of

p-type and n-type semiconductor that is connected thermally

in parallel and electrically in series. The development of

a simple and efficient means of converting waste heat to

electricity would be an excellent alternative source of

energy that can help the community’s problem of power

shortage.

According to Mitchell and Sanford (2010), Energy

reaping device revealed that a thermoelectric device

adapted for creating electricity. Stated by Seebeck effect

when a warm gradient is insisting over first and second

considerable surfaces thereof, a part modifies material

that is ready for thermal communication with the above

significant outward aspect of the thermoelectric device,

and a radio carrier electrically combined to the

thermoelectric device, it is competent of transmitting

radius signs. In different order, the housing attached as a

conductive fin thereat to supply much usual allotment of

heat to component alters the material.

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Birkeland et al. (2009), composed an article that

means a portable device for providing with the electricity

of at least one electrical easy to carry load or gadget

that's "Thermoelectric generator for battery charging and

power supply." In which the device is delivered to be

manually or by hand heated and embrace at least one

thermoelectric element containing one warm rim and one cold

side. On the cold side the container was enclosed and

adapted for preserving a fluid thereby, an arranged of

cables coming out and a power converter of the

thermoelectric element and related to the electrical

freight through the power converter.

Encyclopedia Britannica (2014) the efficiency of

condensers is frequently augmented through connecting fins

flat tatters of conductive metal to the pipe to facilitate

heat deposition. Usually, they utilize fans so that the air

will convey that heat onwards through the fins. Many cases

revealed those huge condensers for industrial use water or

something fluid in a spot of air to obtain heat removal.

In the study conducted by Salamat (2014) was focus on

the development of TEG because of lack in voltage release

to supply the electricity need by students and households

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18

in time of calamities or typhoons. In that case, most of

the households, students, and future researchers will

benefit on this project. These are some of the materials

needed in developing a mini generator: computer processor

coolers, LED, DC motors, and the Peltier molecule. The wood

will serve as the body to hold the entire project. After

the testing of the effect, the result of the thermoelectric

module was functional, costly-effective, durable, user-

friendly and safe.

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

Goncalves et al. (2008), Analyzed the maximum amount

of thermal energy that can be removed from human-body in a

wearable thermal generator without compromising the

comfort, and maximizing the thermoelectric conversion. The

thermal resistance of 100-300 K/W/cm2 is expecting in the

wrist, where thermal flow can transfer with a thermo-

bracelet. Also, temperatures between 27 ºC and 36 ºC can

locate on different parts of the body. Fig 2 shows a

typical temperature map of a hand. The ambient air

temperature and thermal-converter to air thermal resistance

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19

also limit the maximum power available. Thermal resistance

below 50 K/W/cm2 can achieve with a pin-head sink.

The concept of thermoelectric generation is one of the

most effective in gathering waste-heat and can convert into

electrical energy. In this study show, the necessary

background of TEG and the recent study of recent

researchers on thermoelectric generation including their

related application to this study on waste heat energy

explained and discussed. At present, waste heat harvesting

makes practical and effective use of application because of

their different usage. This application is classified as

macro and micro-scale the direct conversion into electrical

power is based on the amount of waste energy availability

(Ismail and Ahmed, 2009).

Thermoelectric modules are an essential alternative to

heat engines in the harvesting of waste heat. Electrical,

thermal analogs are often employed when studying heat

conduction and this analog can be extended to develop a

suitable circuit for thermoelectric effects. For the

primarily one-dimensional problem of thermoelectricity, the

equations can be discretized to create a simple

mathematical model. In this paper, the model is developed

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20

from first principles and show that the electro-thermal

coupling is incorporated correctly. The results of

simulations using the model present and validate

experimentally. Also, one possible application of

thermoelectric modules, a self-contained cooling unit with

an integrated thermoelectric generator design. To optimize

the geometry and operating conditions, performing fluid

dynamics simulations on a fan and heat sink model, and the

start-up and transient characteristics are studied (Yan,

2011).

To order to control and condition the electric power,

It must convert the electric power from one form to another

to switch the characteristic of power machines (Rashid,

2016).

Owano, 2013 “Using four Peltier tiles and the

temperature difference between the palm and ambient air,”

she said in her project statement, "I designed a flashlight

that provides bright light without batteries or moving

parts. The design is ergonomic, thermodynamically

efficient, and only needs a five-degree temperature

difference to work and produce up to 5.4 mW at 5-foot

candles of brightness."
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21

Local Studies

Every Thermoelectric module is designed to compromise

several of performance objectives. Since thermoelectric

modules operate through the interplay of electrical

currents and Thermal currents, the interaction with the

environment is as significant as the electrical load.

Therefore, the suggested experiments are carried out.

Electrical power will produce when the thermal reservoirs

(heat sink, ice, and water) can achieve and maintain the

maximum temperature difference. A large number of

thermoelectric elements inside the thermoelectric module

will produce more electric power relatively (David, 2017).

According to Patil and Arakerimath (2013), the idea of

the thermoelectric generator is a perfect solution for

harvesting exes heat and convert into electrical energy. As

the TEG recommended for generating electricity it is

considered as one of the perfect examples in gathering exes

heat from different sources, in that case, it can also add

other technologies for the better user experience.

This study was concentrated in CMOS Implementation of

Hysteretic Controller for a DC-to-DC Buck Converter using

0.35um Library, Presented at the DLSU Research Congress

 ]

22

2018 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines June 20 to

22, 2018, Among the many techniques in improving a DC-to-DC

converter, the usage of a Hysteretic controller can further

research. A Hysteretic controller is a bistable

multivibrator. They are known for employing a positive

feedback mechanism which eliminates noise that can sustain

due to the input signal. Focusing on the application of a

DC-to-DC converter which steps down a given voltage, it is

possible to utilize operational amplifiers in order to

design the overall converter using a hysteretic comparator

(Chauhan, 2014).

This comparator enables fast transient response and

stable operation of a given circuit. To fully appreciate

the essence of utilizing a hysteretic comparator in DC to

DC buck conversion, integrated circuit design of a

hysteretic controller in DC-to-DC buck conversion was done

using CMOS technology. The usage of CMOS enables low power

dissipation, but speed is a limiting factor (Madhavan,

2012).

Another study, A thermoelectric device converts to

electrical energy by using an array of thermocouples. The

study on improving the effectiveness of the thermoelectric

 ]

23

generator was done by including other technologies like

nanotechnology. Even though these machines mostly used in

spacecraft technologies and it is possible to apply to the

existing technology on earth and maybe helps to the further

advancement of our modern technologies (David, 2017).

Relationship of the Present Study to the Literature and

Studies Reviewed

The reviewed readings provide the researcher with the

necessary information to the study.

The study of David (2017), Patil and Arakerimath (2013),

Owano (2013), Rashid (2016), Yan (2011), Ismail and Ahmed

(2009), Karri (2012), Stevens (2016), Muñoz and Manansala

(2017), Michell and Sanford (2010), Birkeland (2009) and

Salamat (2014) are parallel to the present study since

their study shows the conversion of heat energy into

mechanical energy.

However, the present study is different in the sense that

it makes the converted energy into higher than the past

study and has a lifetime source of heat.

 ]

24

The study of Madhavan (2012) and Chauhan (2018) are

parallel to the present study since their study shows the

explanation of different types of a Dc-Dc converter in

their studies.
 ]

25

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the methods and procedures

employed by the researchers in developing the candle heat

charger. Likewise, this also presents the research locale,

materials, and procedures.

Research Design

The researcher employed the developmental and

experimental method of research in accomplishing this

study. According to Shuva (2014) experimental research is a

systematic and scientific approach to research in which the

researchers manipulate one or more variable. This method

helps the researcher to test the effectiveness of candle

heat as a mobile device charger. Similarly, this method

will be used to investigate the feasibleness of candle heat

to create and produce enough electricity to charge mobile

devices.
 ]

26

Research Locale

San Isidro is a small municipality in the Southern

part of Nueva Ecija it has eight barangays and one barangay

which the school, General de Jesus College, where located.

The researchers conduct the study at General de Jesus

College which located in Vallarta Street, Poblacion, San

Isidro, Nueva Ecija. General de Jesus is a private non-

sectarian school. First, open in 1946 as an academy with

only seven teachers including the principal and 255

students from first to the fourth year of high school. The

school only offered a secondary academic course at its

first year (1946-1977) the first course was offered in

Liberal Arts (1978-1979). The course offered by General de

Jesus Academy are: Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

(BSA), Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology

(BSAcT), Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

(BSIT), Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant

Management (BSHRM), Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE),

Bachelor of Science in Business in Administration (BSBA),

Two-year in Associate in Computer Technology (ACT), and

Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM).

 ]

27

The Pre-school and the Elementary department

stabilized in 1992. General de Jesus Academy was converted

to a college when the Security and Exchange Commission

(SEC) has approved the change of status on August 28, 1997,

from then, the school has known as General de Jesus

College. The new department established in 2016 the Senior

High School department. It is composed of three strands;

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics),

ABM (Accountancy and Business Management), and HUMSS

(Humanities and Social Sciences).

The school’s Philosophy is:

The development of a common upright, civic-minded and

useful citizenry is the responsibility of any educational

institution.

The school’s Vision is:

General De Jesus College as a leading learning institution

where every learner formed into God-loving and highly-

productive citizen responsive to local, national and global

needs.

Its mission is:

 ]

28

General De Jesus College is committed to producing

graduates who instilled with nationalistic, moral and

spiritual values and who equipped with life and career

competencies.

The map of San Isidro is present in figure 2.

 ]

29

Figure 2. Map of San Isidro

 ]

30

Sample and Sampling Procedure

To check the effectiveness of candle charger, the

researcher used the purposive sampling method. According

to Crossman (2018), a purposive sample is a non-probability

sample that is selected based on the characteristics of a

population and the objective of the study. Purposive

sampling is known as judgmental, selective, or subjective

sampling. The researcher asks for support and opinion from

the people who have expertise in this field. Twenty (20)

respondents were used in this study to examine the project

for further adjustment and development of candle heat

charger. The respondents were chosen based on their

knowledge and expertise in this field. The research used

the purposive sampling method to check if the candle heat

charger will work correctly.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher used candles as an alternative source

of heat energy in developing a mobile device charger.

Subsequently, the researcher asked permission to some

professional electrical engineers in order to support the

validity of the data gathered. The researcher also asked

 ]

31

the approval of the research teacher before conducting the

development of the project.

Research Materials

In developing the candle heat charger, the following

materials used:

Peltier molecule - is a solid state device that

converts heat flux directly into electrical energy through

a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. Has two ceramic

plates that cover both sides of the series-connected P-N

junctions.

DC-DC USB Port Converter - is a type of circuit that

is used to convert low voltage of electricity to a higher

voltage.

Aluminum Heat Sink - is a device or substance for

absorbing excessive or unwanted heat. It is responsible for

stays cool the other side of the Peltier tile.

Candle - is a cylinder or block of wax that produce

light it burns, it serves as the source of heat of the

project.
 ]

32

Electrical Wires - the wires allow electricity to flow

through them and were used to transmit electrical current

from one electrical current from one electronic part to

another.

Metal Case Holder - it is a type of metal that serves

as a foundation of the entire project.

Developing Candle Charger

The following are the procedures that the researchers

used in the study for developing the project.

The first procedure in developing the candle heat

charger create a rectangular shape metal to serve as a

holder, on the front part of the metal case holder cut

another rectangular shape served as the passageway of a

candle when it placed.

Next is placing an aluminum heat sink on the top of

the metal case holder used as a heat absorbent then put on

the Peltier tile on the top of the aluminum heat sink, put

again the next aluminum heat sink placed at the top of

Peltier tiles.
 ]

33

Place the DC-DC USB port converter at the lower side

of the metal case holder away from the heat of candle to

avoid short-circuits.

So lastly, connect all the wire with an appropriate

place to work the project and be sure that all wires must

be soldered.

Testing the Efficiency of the Charger

In testing the efficiency of the charger, the

researcher controlled the number of candles to achieve the

most stable amount of heat to be able to determine how much

temperature the candle charger needed to produce enough

power to charge mobile devices. The device needed to

determine the electricity production is the voltage

continuity tester.

Statistical Treatment

This study used different kinds of formula for

computation to be able to get accurate and reliable data

needed for the experiment. The data that the researchers

needed is the percentage of electricity production.

 ]

34

(voltage produce)
Voltage Percent = x 100%
(voltage needed)

Here is the formula used to calculate the amount in a

percentage of the total volt needed to be able to charge

mobile devices.

CHAPTER 4
 ]

35

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered on the

experiment and testing that the researcher conducted. This

data was carefully analyzed and demonstrate to serve as the

basis for the development of an alternative source of

energy which was the thermoelectric charger using the heat

of candles.

1. Establishment of the need to develop a thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles

The need assessment survey was done to determine if

there is a need to develop a thermoelectric charger using

the heat of candles. A total of twenty (20) households were

randomly selected to answer the survey

Table 1. Number of Respondents Who Use Different Kinds of

Alternative Source of Energy
OTHER ALTERNATIVE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SOURCE
Generator 5 25%
Power bank 7 35%
Solar power 0 0%
None 10 50%

The table shows the different kinds of an alternative

source of energy that the respondents already used. 10 or

 ]

36

50% of the respondents do not have any of the given

existing alternative sources of energy cause of their high

prices, 7 or 35% of the respondents have a power bank in

their homes, 5 or 25% of the respondents use a generator to

charge their devices in a time of calamities. It means that

there is a need to develop another alternative source of

energy which is affordable especially for those who have

not enough money to buy the existing alternative source of

energy.

The preferred features given by the respondents helped

the researcher in the further development of the

alternative charger.

Table 2. Prefered Features of the Alternative Charger

PREFERRED FEATURES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Eco-friendly 4 20%
It works very well 13 65%
Handy 9 45%
Affordable 18 90%
Efficient to use 4 20%
Good design 1 5%

Based on table 2, 90% of the respondents said that the

thermoelectric charger using the heat of candles should be

affordable. Followed by 65% who said that it must work very

 ]

37

well and 45% said it should be handy and 20% said that it

should be eco-friendly and efficient to use, 5% said that

it should have a good design. These preferred features help

the researcher to develop the project.

Table 2. Numbers of Respondents Who are Willing to Use a

Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat of Candles

RESPONDENTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 18 90%
No 2 10%
TOTAL 20 100%

The data shows that 18 or 90% of the respondents are

willing to use a thermoelectric charger using the heat of

candles and 2 or 10% of the respondents would not agree.

Table 3. Number of Respondents Who Agreed That There Is a

Need to Develop an Alternative Source of Charging Mobile
Devices

RESPONDENTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 18 90%
No 2 10%
TOTAL 20 100%

The data amplifies that 18 or 90% of the respondents

agree that there is a need to develop a thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles which was useful in times

of power interruption where electricity is hard to reach.

 ]

38

2. Physical Features of the Thermoelectric Charger Using

Heat of a Candle

The data amplifies that there are different features

preferred by the respondents that should be added on the

candle charger to make the product mesmerizing to the

people who use it.

2.1 Material Used

The researcher used a Peltier tile which was eco-

friendly and efficient to use. The researcher also used
carbon steel, this metal is likely the stainless steel, but
it is not expensive. Aside from the circuit board, a
rechargeable battery was installed to save energy and can
use even the candle was not burn.

2.2 Design

The design of this alternative charger is likely a

briefcase size; it is an eco-friendly and handy and
efficient way of using and harvesting heat and turn in to
electricity to charge mobile devices.

2.3 Durability

The case of the candle charger was made up with carbon

steel which is more robust than stainless steel, and also
it does not quickly get rust.
 ]

39

3. Effectiveness of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat of a

Candle

3.1 Voltage Produce

The researcher conducted several trials to achieve the

most stable state in producing electricity to charge mobile
devices.

Table 7. Amount of Output Voltage Produce

TRIAL NUMBER OF CANDLES VOLTAGE OUTPUT

T1 3 3.18v
T2 4 4.24v
T3 5 5.3v

Table 7 present the voltage output in different

numbers of candles. In trial one (1) shows if the three
candle will only burn it cannot supply the output needed as
well as the trial two (2) which the researcher used four
pieces of candles. On trial three (3) the researcher used
five pieces candles it can supply the heat needed to
produce enough output voltage to charge mobile devices.

Gray (2015), stated that the Candle Charger uses a

thermoelectric generator to convert the heat from a naked
flame into around 2.5 Watts of energy.

3.2 Average Time To Fully Charge A Phone

The researcher conducted several trials in different

types of mobile devices to determine the time consuming to

charge mobile devices fully.

 ]

40

Table 8. Types of Mobile Devices That are Compatible

to the Candle Charger

BRAND mAh(Milliamp Hour) TIME

SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v 3 hours
SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v 3 hours
SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v 3 hours
ASUS 5000mAh/5.0v 4 hours
NOKIA 1020mAh/3.7v 2 hours

The table presents the types of device plugin to test

how long it will take to charge a mobile phone fully.

Samsung mobile phones with a 2600mAh battery capacity and

have a charging volt of 4.35v, and it takes 3 hours to

charge the phones fully. Asus with 5000mAh battery capacity

and have a charging volt of 5.0v, and it takes 4-5 hours to

load this type of mobile devices fully. Nokia with 1020mAh

battery capacity and have a charging volt of 3.7v it takes

only 2 hours to charge fully.

4. Factors Affecting the Performance of Thermoelectric

Charger Using Heat of Candles

To determine the feasibility of the thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles several trials were done
by the researcher to examine the factors affecting the
performance of the alternative charger.
 ]

41

3.1 Candles Used to Generate Electricity

The table presents the performance of the candle used to

generate electricity is test in two parts:

Table 9. Performance of the Candles With and Without

Glass

PERFORMANCE CANDLE DURATION

With T1 2 hours
Without T2 32 hours

The data shows the result of a candle burns with and

without glass. This test was done by the researcher to test

how long the life of a candle. The candle without glass

lasts only for 2 hours, while a candle burns in a glass has

a lot longer life. It lasts up to 32 hours.

According to Miley 2019, Votive candles and tea lights

are the most common sizes of a candle, with votives

measuring 2 to 2.5 inches high and 1.5 inches in diameter

and tea lights being 1 7/16 inch in diameter and 5/8 to 7/8

inch high. Votives last for 10 to 15 hours and tea lights

burn for 4 to 6 hours, depending on manufacturer and

conditions.
 ]

42

4.2 Types of Mobile Devices Charge Using the Candle

Charger
The researcher tested the generator from different

types of mobile devices to test the charge stability and

compatibility of the generator to the device.

Table 8. Types of Mobile Devices Charge Using the Candle

Charger

BRAND mAh(Milliamp CHARGE COMPATIBILITY

Hour) STABILITY
SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v Stable Compatible
SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v Stable Compatible
SAMSUNG 2600mAh/4.35v Stable Compatible
ASUS 5000mAh/5.0v Stable Compatible
NOKIA 1020mAh/3.7v Stable Compatible

As the table show, those devices with a charging volt

of 5 volts below are the best devices compatible for the

thermoelectric charger using the heat of a candle. If the

phone need 6 volts and up the phone will charge but did not

gain percent charge because the generator cannot fully

support energy.

As can be concluded, the thermoelectric charger using

the heat of a candle is suitable for everyone that has only

five charging volts mobile devices.

 ]

43

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings,

conclusions, and recommendation offered by the

comprehensive study and thorough analysis of data.

Summary

The primary purpose of this study was to develop an

alternative source of energy to charge mobile devices which

were the thermoelectric charger using the heat of a candle.

It also aimed to emphasize the concept of waste heat

harvesting and convert to electrical energy to contribute

new knowledge to improve the existing machines. The

researcher is looking forward that this study will help

future researchers to perfect and develop much better

machines and will become available to the public.

The project was done in Purok 3, Sta. Rita, Cabiao,

Nueva Ecija. To secure the safety of the researcher his

father is there to guide in proper using of tools and

equipment.

The respondents of the study were chosen using the

purposive sampling method to determine the need to develop

the thermoelectric charger using the heat of candles.

 ]

44

The experimental/developmental method of research used

in this study. Through the use of this kind of research

method, the researchers were able to test the number of

candles needed to run the candle charger.

Specifically, this study sought answers to the

following questions:

1. How may the need to develop a thermoelectric charger

using the heat of a candle be established?
2. How may the physical features of the thermoelectric
charger be described in terms of:
2.1 Materials used;
2.2 Design; and
2.3 Durability?
3. How may the effectiveness of the thermoelectric
charger be described in terms of:

3.1 voltage produced; and

3.2 Average time fully charge a phone?

4. What are the possible factors affecting the

performance of the thermoelectric charger in

generating electricity to charge mobile devices?

4.1 Candle that will serve as a fuel; and

4.2 Mobile devices?

 ]

45

Major Findings

The findings of this study were summarized as follows:

1. Establishment of the need to develop thermoelectric

charger using the heat of candles
Based on the data gathered by the researcher, 95% of

the respondents claimed that they are experiencing sudden

brownouts and blackouts even in time of calamities or

not. Most of the respondents do not have an alternative

source of electricity and seek a way to recharge their

devices, and some of them experience a problem in

charging their mobile device during these cases. 90% of

the respondents agreed that there is a need to develop

the thermoelectric charger using the heat of a candle and

they are willing to use it in times of emergency.

2. Physical Features of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat of

a Candle

2.1 Materials Used

2.2

3. Effectiveness of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat of a

Candle
The data amplifies the characteristics of the

thermoelectric charger using the heat of candles

 ]

46

preferred by the respondents that should be added on the

development of the candle charger to make the product

more appealing to the people who use it. The preferred

features by the respondents helped the researcher in

developing the project. 90% of the respondents said that

the thermoelectric charger using the heat of candles

should be affordable. Followed by 65% who said that it

just works very well and 45% said it should be handy and

20% said that it should be eco-friendly and efficient to

use, 5% said that it should have a good design.

2.1 MATERIAL USED

The researcher uses a Peltier tile which was eco-

friendly and efficient to use. The researcher also used

carbon steel, this metal is likely the stainless steel, but

it is not expensive. Aside from the circuit board, a

rechargeable battery was installed to save energy and can

use even the candle was not burn.

2.2 DESIGN

The design of this alternative charger is likely a

briefcase size; it is an eco-friendly and handy and

 ]

47

efficient way of using and harvesting heat and turn in to

electricity to charge mobile devices.

2.3 DURABILITY

The case is made with carbon steel which is more

robust than stainless steel, and also it does not quickly

get rust.

2.4 VOLTAGE PRODUCE

The researcher conducted several trials to determine

the most stable state in producing electricity to charge

mobile devices. On trial three (3) the researcher used five

pieces candles it can supply the heat needed to produce

enough output voltage of 5.3v to charge mobile devices.

Gray 2015, stated that the Candle Charger uses a

thermoelectric generator to convert the heat from a naked

flame into around 2.5 Watts or 6.25 Volts of energy.

2.5 AVERAGE TIME TO FULLY CHARGE A PHONE

The researcher conducted several trials in different

types of mobile devices to determine the time consuming to

charge mobile devices fully. If the battery capacity of a

phone is larger it takes more time to make it full. If the

 ]

48

battery capacity is average and below it takes 2-3 hours to

charge mobile device fully.

4. Factors Affecting the Performance of Thermoelectric

Charger Using Heat of Candles

Based on the data gathered there are some factors

might affecting the performance of thermoelectric charger

using the heat of a candle.

4.1 Candles Used to Generate Electricity

The data presents the performance of the candle with

glass and the candle without glass. The data result that

the life of a candle with a glass has a lot longer life

than the normal candles. According to Miley 2019, Votive

candles and tea lights are the most common sizes of a

candle, with votives measuring 2 to 2.5 inches high and 1.5

inches in diameter and tea lights being 1 7/16 inch in

diameter and 5/8 to 7/8 inch high. Votives last for 10 to

15 hours and tea lights burn for 4 to 6 hours, depending on

manufacturer and conditions.

4.2 Types of Mobile Devices Charge Using the Candle

Charger

The researcher tested the generator from different

types of mobile devices to test the charge stability and

 ]

49

compatibility of the generator to the device. Those devices

with a charging volt of 5 volts below are the best devices

compatible for the thermoelectric charger using the heat of

a candle. If the phone need 6 volts and up the phone will

charge but did not gain percent charge because the

generator cannot fully support energy.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were

drawn:

1. Majority of the respondents are suffering from

sudden power interruption it can delay some of

their task cause of unavailability of electricity.

They do not know where to charge their mobile

devices. Because of these situations they encounter

they agreed that there is a need to develop an

alternative source of energy which is the

thermoelectric charger using the heat of a candle.

Most of the respondents prefer that the candle

charger must be working very well, eco-friendly,

affordable, and can be used to the fullest.

2. Physical Features
 ]

50

3. Meanwhile, the device that only compatible with

the candle charger must have a charging voltage of

5 volts and below it also work anything that is 5v

like fans, LED lights Bluetooth earphones.

4. Factors

Recommendations

The following recommendations were derive from the

findings and conclusions.

1. Future researchers should continue developing and

improving thermoelectric charger using the heat of a

candle. Enhance the voltage produce to make it

available to all types of technology.

2. Future generation should widen and extend the idea of

thermal conversion to improve people’s living

standards.
 ]

51

Appendices
 ]

52

Appendix A
The Need Assessment Survey
Title: Effectiveness of Thermoelectric Charger Using Heat
of a Candle.
Note: The purpose of this survey is to determine if there
is a need to develop an alternative source of energy in
charging mobile devices.
Name (Optional):
Choose the letter of your answer. Please answer
wholeheartedly. Your cooperation is well appreciated. God
bless!
1. Do you have any mobile devices? (Phones, Tablets,
Smartwatch, etc.)
Yes No
2. What do you use in charging your mobile devices during
power interruption like brownouts, blackouts, and
different calamities? (you can select more than one)
Power Bank Generator
Solar Panel None
3. How long does it take to charge your mobile devices
fully?
1-2hrs 3-5hrs 6-8hrs
4. What problems do you experience in charging your
device when power interruption? (you can select more
than one)
5. Out of Fuel Noisy
6. No Slots Others please specify:
5. If an alternative charger using the heat of candle
will be developed are you willing to use in times of
 ]

53

emergency cases such as typhoon, brownouts, and

blackouts where electricity is hard to reach?
Yes No
6. If the thermoelectric charger using the heat of a
candle is developed, what are the features you want to
have it? (you can select more than one)
7. Eco-friendly Handy
8. Efficient to use Affordable
It works very well others please specify:

7. Is there a need to develop a thermoelectric charger

using heat of a candle as an alternative source of
electricity in charging mobile devices?

Yes No
Why?
 ]

54

Appendix B

Building the project

Result of Testing
 ]

55

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Curriculum Vitae

Name: John Christian S. Garcia

Section: Stem 12 - Newton

Address: Purok 3, Sta. Rita, Cabiao,

Nueva Ecija
 ]

59

Date of Birth: Janury 21,2001

Age: 18 Years old

Father: Richard T. Garcia

Occupation: Fish Vendor

Mother: Charo S. Garcia

Occupation: Housewife

Educational Background

Primary: Sta. Rita Elementary School

Sta. Rita, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija

S.Y. 2007-2013

Secondary: Sta. Rita National High School

Cabiao, Nueva Ecija

S.Y. 2007-2013

Present: General De Jesus College

Poblacion, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija

S.Y. 2017-2019