LTE Access Transport Network Dimensioning ISSUE 1.02

LTE Access Transport
Network Dimensioning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the LTE transport networking
 Describe the S1 and X2 interface protocol
 Explain IP functionality, such as VLAN, IP sec etc.
 Perform transport network dimensioning
 Perform eNodeB hardware dimensioning
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. Transport Architecture and Networking
2. IP Transport Functionality
3. IP Transport Dimensioning
Contents
2. Transport Functionality
eNodeB Transport Interface
Protocol of S1 Interface
S1AP
GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
Control Plane User Plane
Protocol of S1 Interface
S1AP
GTP-U
UDP
SCTP
IP
IP
MAC MAC
PHY
PHY
User Plane
Control Plane
Protocol of X2 Interface
X2AP
GTP-U
SCTP UDP
IP IP
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
Control Plane User Plane
Protocol of OM Interface
OM Channel
TCP OM Channel
IP
MAC eNodeB M2000
PHY
 Users can perform remote maintenance on the eNodeB through the OM

interface. The eNodeB can be maintained in the following two modes:
 Local maintenance mode: In this mode, users maintain the eNodeB through
the local maintenance Ethernet port.
 Remote maintenance mode: This mode applies to the routine maintenance of
the eNodeB.
Protocol of IP Clock
IP Clock
UDP
IP
MAC
PHY
 The eNodeB supports following IP clock protocol

 IEEE 1588v2
 Clock over IP ( Huawei private)
 Ethernet Sync
Layer 1 Transport Bearer Network
Contents
2. Transport Functionality
Transport Mapping
eNodeB
UE
MME
LTE Uu Interface S1
IP/MPLS Core
SGW
UDP/TCP
IP
Compress
GTP-U GTP-U
ROHC ROHC UDP UDP

IP sec
PDCP PDCP
IP IP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC MAC MAC
PHY PHY PHY PHY

VLAN
LTE Uu Header
Payload
IP header TCP/UDP header Payload
PDCP header ROHC header Payload PDCP
RLC header PDCP header ROHC header Payload RLC
MAC header RLC header PDCP header ROHC header Payload MAC
MAC header RLC header PDCP header ROHC header Payload CRC
CRC
Calculate Calculate
Transport Block CRC
CRC CRC
Compare
Transport Block CRC Transport Block CRC

Transmitter Receiver
Possible radio
interface errors
 The LTE transport block is used to calculate the CRC parity bits.
The size of the CRC is set to 24bits, 16bits or 8bits
 The typical CRC size is 24bits
MAC Header
 The typical size of MAC layer is 16bits
RLC Header
Transmitting Receiving
UM-RLC Entity UM-RLC Entity
Transmission Buffer SDU Reassembly
Segmentation and
Remove RLC Header
Concatenation
Reception Buffer and

Add RLC Header
HARQ Reordering
DTCH Uu
 RLC supports three transmission mode: TM/UM/AM
 The average RLC header is 1 byte
PDCP Header
UE/eNB Transmitting PDCP Entity UE/eNB Receiving PDCP Entity
Sequence Numbering Re-ordering (User Plane)
Header Compression (User Plane) Header Decompression (User Plane)

Packet associated
to a PDCP SDU Packet associated
Packet not to a PDCP SDU
Packet not
Integrity Protection associated Integrity Verification associated
(Control Plane) to a PDCP (Control Plane) to a PDCP
SDU SDU
Ciphering Deciphering
Add PDCP Header Remove PDCP Header
Radio Interface
 The typical PDCP header size is 1 byte
ROHC Header
IP v4 UDP RTP Payload Header Payload
40 bytes 32 bytes 3bytes 32 bytes

 The introduction of ROHC helps to reduce the header overhead and packet loss
rate and also helps to shorten the response time, thus improving network
performance. Compared with other header compression mechanisms, such as IP
Header Compression (IPHC), ROHC has the following advantages:
 High reliability: Due to its feedback mechanism, ROHC is robust on the radio links
with high BER and long RTT.
 High compression efficiency: Some simple header compression algorithms, such as
IPHC and Compressed Real-Time Protocol (RTP), can compress the header to 2
bytes, while, ROHC can achieve compression to as small as 1 byte. Thus, ROHC has
higher compression efficiency.
 The typical ROHC size is 3 bytes
Transport Header
Payload
GTPU header Payload
Optional UDP header GTPU header Payload
IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload
IP sec header IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload
VLAN header IP sec header IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload
MAC header VLAN header IP sec header IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload
GTP-U Header
Version (3bits) P Flag T Flag Spare Spare Spare
Message Type (8bits)
Message Length (16bits)
TEID (32bits)
Sequence Number (24bits)
Spare (8bits)
UDP Header
Source port number (16bits) Destination port number (16bits)
UDP length (16bits) Message header checksum (16bits)
Optional
 UDP provides unreliable transmission for the upper layer
 The typical UDP header is 8 bytes
IP Header
Version Header
(4bits) length (4bits) TOS (8bits) Total length (16bits)
Identification (16bits) Flag (3bits) Chip offset (13bits)
TTL (8bits) Protocol (8bits) Header Checksum (16bits)
Source IP address (32bits)
Destination IP address (32bits)
IP options
 The typical IPv4 header size is 20 bytes
IP Sec Introduction
Transport mode
 To ensure the security for the equipment and transport

network, access control based on IEEE 802.1x and IPSec is
provided for the eNodeB
IP Sec Header
 If transport mode is used, the typical header is 30 bytes
 If tunnel mode is used, the typical header is 50 bytes
VLAN Introduction
MME
VLAN1
VLAN2
IP/MPLS Core
SGW
VLAN3
C
0x8100 PRI F VLAN ID
I
TPID TCI
 In eNodeB, we should configure VLAN to limit broadcast area.
 The typical VLAN header is 4 bytes
MAC Header
Destination MAC Source MAC

TOS (16bits) CRC (32bits)
address (48bits) address (48bits)
 MAC provides medium access and link management
 The typical MAC Header is 18 bytes
Contents
2. IP Transport Functionality Design
Transport Dimensioning Flow
MME
IP/MPLS Core
SGW
Radio Payload Transport

Payload Payload
overhead overhead
Get from system

simulation Radio MAC throughput
Radio overhead
Radio Payload throughput
Transport overhead
Transport layer throughput
Radio Overhead
Protocol Type Header(Byte)
PDCP 1
ROHC 3
RLC 1
MAC 2
CRC 3
 Assume that the typical packet size is 500Byte
 Radio Extension Ratio (ER) = packet size/(packet size+

Overhead)
 Radio payload throughput = MAC throughput x Extension

Ratio
S1 Transport Overhead
 GTP-U: Encrypt data for the data Protocol Type Header(Byte)
transportation GTP-U 12
 IP Sec UDP 8
IP v4 20
 Provide security transmission of S1
IP sec (Tunnel Mode) 50
interface
IP sec (Transport 30
 Tunnel mode: Encrypt IP header and Mode)
payload VLAN 4
MAC 18
 Transport mode: Only encrypt payload
 VLAN
 Support IEEE802.1Q
S1 Interface Dimensioning
 Transport Extension Ratio = Radio Payload/ (Radio Payload +
transport overhead)
 Transport throughput = Radio payload throughput/Transport ER
X2 Interface Dimensioning
 The factors that affect the X2 throughput:
 Inter eNodeB handover ratio
 Average throughput during handover
 Duration of handover
 X2 overhead message
 X2 interface occupies about 3% of S1 interface throughput
MAC Throughput Baseline
Cell average throughput DL/UL(Mbps)@10MHz BW 2x2

Scenario MIMO/Frequency reuse: 1x3x1 with ICIC
2.6GHz 2.1GHz AWS 700MHz
Dense urban 16.92/9.76 18.39/10.61 17.62/10.87 17.35/12.17
Urban 16.92/9.76 18.39/10.61 17.62/10.87 17.35/12.17
Suburban 12.97/6.92 14.10/7.52 16.82/8.7 17.27/10.67
Rural 12.97/6.92 14.10/7.52 16.82/8.7 17.27/10.67
Transport Card Baseline - LMPT
 The capabilities of the LMPT are as follows:

 Traffic at a maximum rate of 750 Mbit/s (300 Mbit/s for UL and 450
Mbit/s for DL) is supported.
 The signaling channel supports a maximum of 48 SCTP associations.
 The traffic channel supports a maximum of 128 IP paths.
 A maximum of 128 routes are supported.
Transport Card Baseline – UTRP
 The capabilities of the UTRP are as follows:

 Traffic at a maximum rate of 32 Mbit/s (for UL and DL) is
supported.
 Two UTRPs are supported.
 The two UTRPs work in load sharing mode.
Questions
 Assume that there are 20 cells in the area, and MAC
throughput for each cell is 48Mbps/20Mbs (DL/UL) and IP sec
tunnel mode is used for S1 interface, Please calculate the total
transport bandwidth.
Thank you
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LTE Access Transport Network Dimensioning ISSUE 1.02

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LTE Access Transport

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Describe the S1 and X2 interface protocol

 Explain IP functionality, such as VLAN, IP sec etc.

 Perform transport network dimensioning

 Perform eNodeB hardware dimensioning

Control Plane User Plane

Control Plane User Plane

 Users can perform remote maintenance on the eNodeB through the OM

 The eNodeB supports following IP clock protocol

 Clock over IP ( Huawei private)

ROHC ROHC UDP UDP

PHY PHY PHY PHY

IP header TCP/UDP header Payload

PDCP header ROHC header Payload PDCP

RLC header PDCP header ROHC header Payload RLC

Transport Block CRC Transport Block CRC

 The typical CRC size is 24bits

 The typical size of MAC layer is 16bits

Reception Buffer and

 RLC supports three transmission mode: TM/UM/AM

 The average RLC header is 1 byte

Header Compression (User Plane) Header Decompression (User Plane)

Add PDCP Header Remove PDCP Header

 The typical PDCP header size is 1 byte

40 bytes 32 bytes 3bytes 32 bytes

GTPU header Payload

Optional UDP header GTPU header Payload

IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload

IP sec header IP header UDP header GTPU header Payload

Message Type (8bits)

Message Length (16bits)

Sequence Number (24bits)

Source port number (16bits) Destination port number (16bits)

UDP length (16bits) Message header checksum (16bits)

 UDP provides unreliable transmission for the upper layer

 The typical UDP header is 8 bytes

Identification (16bits) Flag (3bits) Chip offset (13bits)

TTL (8bits) Protocol (8bits) Header Checksum (16bits)

Source IP address (32bits)

Destination IP address (32bits)

 The typical IPv4 header size is 20 bytes

 To ensure the security for the equipment and transport

 If transport mode is used, the typical header is 30 bytes

 If tunnel mode is used, the typical header is 50 bytes

 In eNodeB, we should configure VLAN to limit broadcast area.

 The typical VLAN header is 4 bytes

Destination MAC Source MAC

 MAC provides medium access and link management

 The typical MAC Header is 18 bytes

2. IP Transport Functionality Design

Radio Payload Transport

Get from system

Radio Payload throughput

Transport layer throughput

 Assume that the typical packet size is 500Byte

 Radio Extension Ratio (ER) = packet size/(packet size+

 Radio payload throughput = MAC throughput x Extension

 Transport throughput = Radio payload throughput/Transport ER

 Average throughput during handover

 X2 interface occupies about 3% of S1 interface throughput

Cell average throughput DL/UL(Mbps)@10MHz BW 2x2

2.6GHz 2.1GHz AWS 700MHz

Dense urban 16.92/9.76 18.39/10.61 17.62/10.87 17.35/12.17