Endurance Limit Modification Factors:

Marin Equation:

Surface Finish Factor: (ka)

Table 1: Surface Finish Modification Factor (ka = a(Sut)b)
Surface Finish Factor a Exponent b
Ground 1.58 -0.085
Machined or
4.51 -0.265
Cold Drawn
Hot Rolled 57.7 -0.718
Forged 272 -0.995

Alternatively, calculate ka from the following chart according to the ultimate strength (Sut) of the material
and the type of surface finish.

Figure 1: Surface Finish Factor

Size Modification Factor: (kb)

Table 2: Size Modification Factor (kb)
Diameter (d) kb
1.00
0.85
0.75

Alternatively,
( ) [Dimensions are in mm]
( )

Load Modification Factor: (kc)

kc = 1.00 (Bending)
= 0.85 (Axial)
= 0.59 (Torsion)

Temperature Factor: (kd)

kd = 1.00 ( )
= 1.00 – 0.0058(T - 450) ( )
Reliability Factor: (ke)
Table 3: Reliability Factor (ke)
Reliability (%) Reliability Factor
50 1.000
90 0.897
95 0.868
99 0.814
99.9 0.753
99.99 0.702

Stress Concentration Modification Factor: (kf)

where,
Here, q = Notch sensitivity factor, Kt = Theoretical stress concentration factor, Kf = Fatigue stress
concentration factor

Figure 2: Notch Sensitivity Factor (For reversed bending and axial stresses)