Name: V.

Himasree(MM17B113)
Instructor’s name: Anand Krishna Kanjarla
13 April 2019

Creep Demo
AIM: To understand the concept of creep.

THEORY: Creep is a time dependent deformation on applying certain load.Generally

it occurs at finite temperatures but for some materials it can also happen at room
temperatures.Creep is likely to occur when temperature reaches homologous temperature (0.5
times melting point). In creep, the material undergoes a time dependent decrease in length
which is dangerous. In creep strain vs time curve is plotted. The slope of the line in this curve
is called creep rate(rate of deformation). Materials with high melting point, high elastic
modulus and large grain sizes generally avoid creep failure. The three stages of creep are
primary creep, secondary creep and tertiary creep.

• Primary creep: The creep rate (slope) decreases with time, this indicates the work
hardening of the material. Minimum creep rate is reached at the end of the primary creep
which is maintained in the secondary creep.
• Secondary creep: The creep rate (slope) is constant. This is steady state, that is the
work hardening and the recovery of the material is well balanced.
• Tertiary creep: The creep rate (slope) increases with time. We observe formation of
voids, internal cracks, etc. Rapidly accelerates strain rate up to the failure. The sample is
pulled apart at a time t=tR

There are different creep mechanisms. Dislocation related creep mechanism are cross-
slip, climb, glide. Diffusional related creep mechanisms are Nabarro-Herring creep, Coble
creep, Dissociation core diffusion creep, interface-reaction controlled diffusional flow. Grain
boundary sliding creep. Let’s discuss about Nabarro-Herring creep, Coble creep, Dislocation
climb and Thermally activated glide.

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 • Nabarro-Herring creep: In Nabarro-Herring creep or bulk diffusion, the creep
rate increases as the grain size decreases. This mechanism is lattice diffusion controlled.
• Coble creep: In coble creep, the creep rate is strongly dependent on the grain size
compared to the Navarro-Herring creep. Coble creep is grain boundary diffusion
controlled.
• Dissociation climb: In this mechanism, the movement of dislocations control the
creep rate.
• Thermally activated glide: This is generally observed in polymers and some
viscoelastic materials.

CREEP TESTING:

Sample used for creep testing is generally cylindrical. Strain versus time is been plotted
at constant load and temperature at relatively low creep rate and load. Test is carried out at

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less than 0.5% strain. It usually takes 2000 to 10000 hours. It is performed inside a chamber
to control heating. To minimise the thermal expansion effects on the sample temperature
control is essential. Before loading the sample is heated to the temperature T that is required
and gauge length is measured then load is applied without any shock quickly. Strain is
observed at frequently regular intervals. 


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