14-PT12 - HydPumps 59 (Compatibility Mode)

PEMP
RMD510
Design of Hydraulic Pumps
Session delivered by:

Prof Ashok C
Prof. C. Meti
18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 1

PEMP
RMD510
Session Objectives
 To review the working principle of centrifugal pumps

 To discuss the characteristics of centrifugal pumps
 To understand general design guidelines for
centrifugal pumps
 To learn step by step design methodology of
centrifugal pumps

PEMP
Types of Pumps RMD510
 Axial
A i l flow
fl pumps
 single stage or multistage
 open impeller
• fixed pitch
• variable pitch
 closed impeller
 Radial
R di l flow
fl pumps
 single suction or double suction
 self priming or non priming
 single stage or multistage
• open impeller
• semi open impeller
• closed impeller
 Mixed flow pumps
 single suction or double suction
 self
lf priming
i i or non priming
i i
 single stage or multistage
Types of Pumps (… contd.) PEMP
RMD510
 Accelerate flow by imparting kinetic energy

 Decelerate (diffuse) in stator
 Results
R lt in i increase
i in
i fluid
fl id pressure
Impeller
p p
profiles
Radial flow Mixed flow Axial flow

PEMP
Centrifugal Pumps RMD510
Closed or
shrouded
impeller
Se open
Semi ope
impeller

PEMP
Single Stage Double Suction Pump RMD510

PEMP
Radially Split Multistage Pump RMD510
Application: Boiler Feedwater

Feedwater, Desalination,
Desalination Water Supply,
Supply Water Treatment,
Treatment
Irrigation, Mine Dewatering, Reverse Osmosis, Water, Washing Systems

PEMP
Specific Speed of Centrifugal Pumps RMD510
Variation in specific speed with type of pump
• It is a number that defines the type

yp of pump
p p
– Radial, Mixed or Axial
 Q 
N s SI   e 3  SI Units n: rpm, Q m3/s
p , h: m,, w : rad/s Q:
 
 gh 4  BEP

Classification and Selection of PEMP
RMD510
Pumps
Optimum geometry as a function of BEP specific speed (for single stage

rotors)
Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al

Classification and Selection of PEMP
RMD510
Pumps
Approximate upper limit of pressure and capacity by pump class

Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al

PEMP
Pump Impeller RMD510
• The pump impeller receives the liquid to be pumped

and imparts velocity and pressure to it by drawing
power from a prime mover.
• The speed and diameter of the impeller determines
the head or pressure that the pump can generate.
• The rotational speed and height of the impeller
blades determines the flow that the pump can
accommodate.
d t
A classic pump impeller receives liquid at its

internal diameter (ID). By centrifugal force and
blade design, the liquid is moved through the blades
from ID to OD of the impeller
impeller, where it discharges
the liquid into the volute channel.

PEMP
Pump Impeller Types RMD510
Centrifugal pump impeller types are:

1. Forward swept impeller
2
2. R di l exit
Radial it impeller
i ll
3. Backswept impeller
H-Q curves for pump
1
1. Forwardd swept impeller
i ll is
i used
d
for low flow rate and head.
2. Backsweptp impeller
p is used for
high flow rate and head.
3. Radial exit impeller is used for
medium head and flow rate.
rate

PEMP
Impeller Types and Velocity Triangle RMD510

PEMP
Velocity Triangles for Pump RMD510

PEMP
Terminology of Centrifugal Pumps RMD510
Suction Head (hs): It is the vertical height of the center line of the pump
above the water surface in the sump.p This height
g is the suction lift and is
denoted as hs
Delivery Head (hd): It is the vertical height between the center line of the
pump and water surface in the tank to which water is delivered.
delivered It is denoted
as hd
Static head (Hs): Static head is the vertical distance between the liquid level
i the
in h sump andd the
h delivery
d li tank.
k It is
i denoted
d b Hs. Therefore
d by h f static
i head,
h d
Hs = hs+hd
Manometric Head (Hm) or effective head: It is the total head or lift that
must be produced by the pump to satisfy external requirement. It includes all
the losses.

PEMP
Pump System Installation RMD510

PEMP
Head Developed by a Pump RMD510
h  Hd  Hs
 Pd Vd2   Ps Vs2 
    Z d      Z s 
  2g    2g 
PEMP
• Total dynamic head

For a horizontal pump the total dynamic head is
defined as
For a vertical pump with pumping element

submerged, the total dynamic head is defined as

PEMP

PEMP
Effect of Specific Gravity of Fluid RMD510
These three pumps are developing the same discharge pressure. In this case they
develop
d l different
diff t heads
h d inversely
i l proportional
ti l to
t the
th specific
ifi gravity
it off the
th fluids.
fl id

PEMP
Performance Characteristics RMD510
 The efficiency of a pump varies considerably depending upon the

conditions under which it must operate.
 When selecting a pump for a given situation, it is important to have
information regarding the performance of various pumps, from which the
selection can be made.
H-Q relation for ideal pump H-Q relation for actual pump
PEMP
Various Pump Efficiencies RMD510
• Hydraulic efficiency is the ratio of the head developed by the pump to

the head delivered to the liquid
or
• Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of the power delivered by the pump to

the power supplied to the shaft
• Overall efficiency is the ratio of the energy possessed by the exiting fluid to
the energy input to the pump

PEMP
Suction Specific Speed RMD510
• The way that a pump receives the liquid into the impeller determines the
available combination of discharge flow and head that the pump can generate.
Essentially, it determines the operating range of the pump.
• The operating range is quantified or rated by the term 'Suction Specific Speed,
Nss'. The Nss is calculated using three parameters: speed, flow rate, and
NPSHr. These numbers are obtained from pump's
pump s performance curves.
where N
where, = speed of the pump/motor in rpm
Q = flow rate at BEP
NPSHr = net positive suction head required by the pump at BEP

PEMP
Pump Eficiency vs Specific Speed RMD510
Compilation
p by
y Balje
j (1981)
( ) of maximum efficiencies for various kinds of pumps
p p as a
function of design specific speed, ND. Since efficiency is also a function of Reynolds
number, the data has been corrected to a Reynolds number, UD/, of 108.
PEMP
Flow through Pump Impeller RMD510
S
Secondary
d fl
flows iin the
th impeller
i ll passage S
Separated
t d flow
fl att the
th volute
l t lip
li
Ref: ‘Hydrodynamics of Pumps’ by C.E. Brennen

PEMP
Near Design Point
• In a rotating impeller, there are two kinds of flows:

1) th
the main
i th
through
h fl
flow, andd 2) the
th circulatory
i l t or
secondary flow.
• The later is relatively small and merely modifies the
former.
• The effect at impeller exit is to reduce 2 and
increase 2. Since the outlet area A2 and the flow Q
remain the same, Vr2 also remains unchanged
• The effect at impeller inlet is to increase 1 .
However the effect at inlet is much less since the
However,
vanes are relatively closer to each other there, giving
greater guidance to the flow.

PEMP
Off Design Point – Low Flow Rates

• The flow conditions through the impeller at low discharge rates is quite different
from the ideal case.
• The vane passages are not completely filled with fluid and the flow breaks away
from the vane surfaces.
• Dead fluid volumes are formed in the passages on the suction side of the vanes.
• Hence, Vr2 may be greater than the calculated value. The absolute velocity V2 is
reduced and the absolute flow angle 2 is increased
increased.

PEMP
Pump Discharge Flow RMD510
Ref: ‘Hydrodynamics of Pumps’ by C.E. Brennen

PEMP
Design of Pumps RMD510
• There is no rigorous procedure for

designing a pump
• Various manufacturers have
developed their own approaches,
i
involving
l i thumb
h b rules
l andd
proportions
• The design is normally based upon
desired head and capacity
• Type of drive system (e.g. electric
motor IC engine) may also be
motor,
specified

PEMP
Design Parameters RMD510
• Impeller Speed
• Pipe Connections and Velocities
• Impeller Inlet Dimensions and Vane Angles
• Impeller Outlet Dimensions and Vane Angles
• Impeller
p Vane Shape
p
• Design of Volute
• Design of Diffuser

PEMP
Pump Design Procedure RMD510
 In most cases, rotational speed, N, design flow rate, Q, and head, H, will
be prescribed
 Check whether a reasonable impeller size can achieve the desired head,
head
H = U22 /g
 A target efficiency η is assumed, eliminating the effect of losses. This is
checked against the efficiency from the chart.
chart
 Now Hth = H / η
 To facilitate choice of subsequent variables, a dimensionless plot is
i t d d which
introduced, hi h shows
h theoretical
th ti l head,
h d represented
t d by
b head
h d
coefficient, Ψ, against the flow rate, represented by flow coefficient, Φ
g
gH Ct 2
 Now Head coefficient, Ψ = 2 =
ηU 2 U2
Q Cm 2
 flow coefficient, Φ = =
πD2 B2U 2 U2

PEMP
 Also Ψ = σ – Φ tan β2
 Ct2 is proportional to the theoretical
head and Cm2 is p proportional
p to the
flow rate
 These velocities fully determine the
ppumpp pperformance
 Head coefficient would generally
decline linearly from about Ψ = 0.75
at Ns = 1000 to Ψ = 0.45 at Ns = 4000
 Typical values for Ψ and Φ are in the
range of 0.4-0.7 and 0.05-0.2
respectively
p y
 Choice of head and flow coefficients
from the plot also determines the
p
Impeller g β2. Usually
exit blade angle y
it is taken as 68° from radial

PEMP
 Impeller Inlet diameter D1 is chosen to minimize the inlet relative

velocity given by W12  U12  C12
ωD1 Q
where U1  and C1 
2  D12 4
1/ 3
 8 2   Q 1/ 3 1/ 3
    1.533  
Q
 Hence, D1    ω
 π  ω
 Inlet blade angle is chosen based on the inlet diameter D1 and the
velocities at inlet, viz C1 and U1. But,
inlet viz. But usually,
usually the inlet blade angle
does not remain constant along the leading edge and must be calculated
at several locations. Typical values range from 55°- 65°.

PEMP
 E
Exactt iimpeller
ll di t D2 can
diameter
then be chosen to give the
necessary tip speed, U2
H U 2Ct 2 ΨU 22
 Hth =  
η g g
 Effective
ec ve Impeller
pe e exit w d b2 iss
e width
determined from the expression for
flow rate, Q  πD 2 B 2 C r 2  πD 2 B 2U 2 φ
 Numberb of Impeller
ll blades
bl d can be b
chosen from the given chart using
exit blade angle β2, and slip
coefficient σ.
 More blades will guide the flow
better, increase the slip coefficient
and thus increase the head.
head

PEMP
Impeller Speed and Pipe Conditions RMD510
Impeller Speed
• Speed of the drive unit may be specified by the customer.
• It g
generally
y follows standard motor speeds,
p , e.g.
g 1440,, 2880 rpm,
p , etc.
• In such cases, the specific speed is fixed unless the head is high enough to use a
multistage machine.
• Then the specific speed may be varied by using different number of stages.
• If the operating speed is not given, it may be chosen to give a specific speed
corresponding to high pump efficiency and the prevailing suction conditions.
Pipe Connections and Velocities
• To avoid cavitation, the diameter of the suction pipe is usually larger than the
p mp suction
pump s ction flange
flange, and both are larger than the discharge flange and pipe.
pipe
• Suction flange diameter is selected to achieve design point fluid velocity, which
may range from 1.3 to 6 m/s.
• Discharge flange diameter is also based upon the design point fluid velocity in
the range of 4 to 14 m/s.
PEMP
Leakage Losses RMD510
• The fluid at discharge end is at a higher

pressure than the fluid at the impeller
eye.
• Owing to clearance between impeller
and casing some of the discharged fluid
leaks back to the suction side.
• Hence,
Hence total flow through impeller =
leakage flow + net delivered flow
• The leakage flow may be given by the
relation
Where, CL = leakage coefficient

varying from 0.3 to 0.7
The leakage coefficient and the head loss are bL = width of the leakage path
functions of the friction factor of the path, and
the width of the leakage path depends on the HL = head
h d lloss across the
th path
th
manufacturing tolerances.
PEMP
Sizing of Impeller Inlet RMD510
• First
Fi t step
t isi to
t determine
d t i the
th shaft
h ft size.
i
• Shaft size should take care of the torque and bending moment, should avoid
excessive lateral deflection, and should keep the critical speed away from
operating speed.
16T 32 M
Shaft diameter, Ds = 3 or 3
 fs  ft
Based on torque alone Based on bending strength alone
• A more accurate check on the stresses and the deflection may be made after
the impeller is designed and the loads are known.
1
M i
Maximum combined
bi d shear
h stress
t f s'  4 f s2  f t 2
2
1 1
Maximum combined tensile stress ft'  ft  4 f s2  f t 2
2 2
PEMP
design the diameter may be based

• For the initial design,
upon shear and bending alone by using low allowable
stresses to compensate for uncertainties in the loads.
• The
Th hub
h b diameter
di DH is
i kept
k 8-12
8 12 mm llarger than
h the
h
shaft diameter.
• Inlet velocity, V0, through the impeller eye is slightly
hi h than
higher h theh velocity
l i iin the
h suction
i flange,
fl say 3 to 5 m/s.
/
• Higher V0 results in higher friction losses; lower V0 results
g impeller
in larger p y diameters and consequently
eye q y ppoor
impeller proportions.
• From the given Q and the estimated values of DH and V0,
4Q
4Q Q should be increased by about 2-10%
Outer eye diameter, D0   DH2
V0 to account for the leakage loss
• Inlet vane diameter D1 = D0 to ens

ane edge diameter, ensure
re smooth flow
flo without
itho t excessive
e cessi e
turbulence. If the inlet edge of the vane is sloped, an average value is used for D1.
PEMP
• Since decelerating a fluid is more inefficient than the accelerating one,

one the radial
inlet velocity Vr1 is kept about 5-10% greater than V0.
• Then from continuity equation, we get:
1 is contraction factor
Q
Width of impeller at inlet, b1  (~0.8-0.9) and accounts
D1Vr11 for the vane thickness
• After determining the number of vanes and their inlet thickness,

thickness the exact value
of 1 can be found and b1 can be corrected.
I
Impeller
ll Vane
V Inlet
I l t Angle
A l
• Fluid is assumed to enter the vane radially, so that 1 = 90°.
Vr1
• The
Th vane inlet l 1 is
i l t angle i given
i by:
b t 1 
tan
u1
• This value of 1 is slightly increased to take care of the stream contraction at
the inlet edges and of the fluid prerotation. It is increased more for high suction
lifts and smaller D2/D1 (i.e. higher specific speed impellers). The inlet angle
usually falls in the range of 10°-25°.
PEMP
• Inlet guide vanes could be placed before the impeller to give a negative Vu1 and
thus raise the head and overall efficiency at the design condition, but the head
and efficiency drop off more rapidly under off design operating conditions.

PEMP
Sizing of Impeller Outlet RMD510
1  2 u2Vr 2 
The virtual head for 1 = 90° is given by: H vir ,  u2  
g  tan  2
u2Vu 2
Total h d H is
T t l head i given
i by:
b H K  KH vir ,
g
K=  hy
Hg u 2Vr 2
Combining the above equations,
equations we get:  u2 
2
K tan  2 Slip factor

Hydraulic
efficiency
  V  4 gH
2 
1 V
Solving for u2 : u 2   r 2   r 2   
2  tan  2  tan  2  K 
 
For radial impellers,  varies between 0.65 and 0.75, and K varies between 0.6
and 0.7, the larger values applying to lower specific speed impellers.

PEMP
Sizing of Impeller Outlet RMD510
• The
Th outer di
diameter can bbe more easily
il obtained
b i d considering
id i theh overall
ll head
h d
coefficient  at the head H at best efficiency point.
u2   2 gH
• The value of  varies between 0.9 and 1.2 with average value close to unity. The main
influencing factors are head, flow capacity and specific speed. The value of  can be
read from available charts.
• In general, backward curved vanes are used for pump impellers, because they have
lower exit velocity compared to radial or forward curved vanes.
• The
Th vane angle l 2 is
i kept
k in i the
h range off 15°-40°.
15° 40° It
I is
i usually
ll made
d slightly
li h l larger
l than
h
the inlet angle to obtain a smooth continuous passage.
• Vr2 is kept equal to or slightly less (up to 15 per cent) than Vr1 to avoid any sudden
change of velocity.
• A contraction factor 2 (= 0.90-0.95) is used to compensate for the vane thickness at the
outlet. (This is subject to correction after determining actual thickness and number of vanes)
• The outlet vane width, b2 = Q / (Vr2 D2 2)
PEMP
Construction of Impeller Vanes RMD510
 The shape of the impeller flow passage depends on H, H Q,

Q and N,
N
represented by the specific speed. These in turn are functions of:
 p speed,
Outlet tip p u2, and the outlet meridional velocity,
y Vm2
 Outlet blade angle, 2
 Number of blades, z
 Ratio Vu2/Vu3
Ratio,
 Diameter ratio, d1/d2
 The blade passage should not be too long so that the frictional losses can
be kept low.
 The change in cross-sectional area should be gradual to avoid flow
separation (a total divergence of 10°-12° is recommended).
 Plot relative velocity v and Vr2 ,at inlet and outlet, against impeller radius.
Connect the two points by straight lines or by approx. smooth curves.
 Determine  from the relation sin = Vr / v at various r.
 The impeller vane shape can now be drawn.

PEMP
 There are two principal methods of constructing the impeller vane shapes:
 Circular Arc Method

 Point-by-Point or Polar Coordinate Method
Circular Arc Method

• The impeller is arbitrarily divided into a number of
concentric rings between the radii R1 and R2. The
radius of the circular arc contained in any ring is:
Rb2  Ra2

2Rb cos b  Ra cos a 
• The vane angles  at R1 and Rb are taken from the curve. Thus the centre of the first
arc can be located. Since adjacent arcs are tangent to each other, both their centres
will lie on the same line through the point of tangency
tangency.

PEMP
Point-by-Point Method
• In this method, the points on the vane surface are plotted by polar coordinates.
• For any radius R, the angle  ° measured from an assumed radial line passing through
the intersection of the vane surface with radius R1 is given by:
180 R dR
 R1 R tan 

• This equation is best solved by tabular integration since  may not vary in a simple
mathematical manner with radius.
• A thin leading edge gives high efficiency at 00° incidence. At non
non-zero
zero incidences, the
efficiency falls off rapidly.
• For rounded leading edges, the efficiency does not reach the peak value of the sharp
leading edge,
edge but neither does it drop off as rapidly for incorrect angles
angles.

PEMP
P i b P i Method
Point-by-Point M h d

PEMP
Number of Impeller Vanes RMD510
• There
Th should
h ld bbe enough
h vanes ffor proper guidance
id to the
h fl
flowing
i liquid.
li id
• Too many vanes will result in excessive friction losses.
• Pfleiderer equation for number of vanes:
D2  D1 1   2
z  6.5 sin  m m 
D2  D1 2
• Large vane angles require more vanes.
• The number of vanes generally used is between 5 and 12.
• Based
B d on theth thickness
thi k andd number
b off vanes, th
the fl
flow contraction
t ti factor
f t att any point
i t
due to the vanes is given by:
D  zt sin 

D
Q
• The width of impeller b at any point is given by: b 
DVr

PEMP
Number of Impeller Vanes RMD510
 Number of Impeller vane

can also be estimated from
the given chart using exit
blade angle β2 and slip
coefficient σ .
 More blades will guide the
flow better, increase the slip
coefficient and thus increase
the head to some extent.

PEMP
Design of Volute RMD510
• The volute transforms a part of the kinetic energy of the fluid to the pressure
energy by slowing down the flow velocity.
• Area of cross section increases gradually.
• B
Base circle
i l diameter
di t is
i 10 % more than
th impeller
i ll diameter.
di t
• Spacing between the impeller tip and the volute tongue should not be too small.
• The angular momentum is constant, i.e. RVu = C (constant), where C = R2Vu2
• We need to find the area of cross-section at various angles  that will pass the
volume Q /360 with a velocity Vu = C /R. Here Q is the net delivered flow,
taking into account the leakage flow.
• The flow through a differential section is: dQ = dA Vu = b dR Vu
but Vu = C /R, hence dQ = b dR C/R
R dR R R is the outer radius of
Total flow past the section: Q   dQ  C  b a section at  ° from
R2 R2 R theoretical tongue
360C R dR 360 R2Vu 2 R dR

 R2 b R
This integral
Thi i l can better
b be
b solved
l d
 

b 
Q R2 R Q by tabular integration

PEMP
• Thee shape
s ape of
o the
t e volute
vo ute can
ca be similar
s a to as shown.
s ow .
• The maximum total angle  is usually about 60 .
• Larger angles result in more turbulence and
inefficiency.
• Volutes with smaller  and larger radii give better
results. But then the casing diameter and the weight
of the pump are increased unduly.
• If the discharge angle from the impeller is small, a
larger angle  can be used.
used
• To minimise losses, the tongue angle should be
same as the absolute outlet angle 2 of the fluid.
• The radius Rt at which the tongue starts should be
5-10% greater than the impeller exit radius to avoid
q
turbulence and noisiness and to facilitate equalisingg
of fluid velocities prior to coming in contact with the
tongue.
PEMP
• The zero point of the volute or the point at which the angle  is measured is
found by assuming that the flow follows a logarithmic spiral path.
 = Volute angle, radians
R  R2 e tan 2 2 = Spiral angle (exit flow angle)
e = Base of natural log = 2.718
log R R2

tan  2
log Rt R2
• For
F th d
the ttongue, R = Rt, and
tan  2
• In the passage between the volute and discharge flange further conversion of
velocity into pressure may take place,
place especially with high head pumps,
pumps by making
it divergent. The divergence in this passage should not be more than 10°. Also, the
velocity here should never be greater than the minimum velocity in the volute,
otherwise some of the pressure energy would be reconverted to velocity

PEMP
Design of Diffuser RMD510
• A diffuser has essentially the same

shape as a volute except that a number of
passages are used rather than one.
• Conversion of kinetic energy takes
place in a relatively much smaller space.
• Diffuser is frequently used in pumps
with high heads.
• The radial clearance between impeller
and diffuser vane tips
p should be small
(~1-3 mm).
• The diffuser width b3 may be made slightly wider than the impeller width.
• The
Th flow
fl between
b t impeller
i ll andd diffuser
diff ffollows
ll a llogarithmic
ith i spiral
i l path
th off
constant 2. Neglecting friction and turbulence, flow velocity at diffuser throat:
D2 Q g , h3  A3
V3  V2 Total throat area, A3  V and throat height,
D3 3 zbb3
z = Number of diffuser vanes

PEMP
Design of Diffuser RMD510
• The
Th number
b off diffuser
diff vanes should
h ld be
b a minimum
i i consistent
i t t with
ith goodd flow
fl
guidance and should have no common factor with the number of impeller vanes.
• If possible, the section of the passages in the diffuser should be made nearly
square, i.e., b3 = h3 to reduce frictional losses.
• The divergence angle of the diffuser passages should be 10° to 12°. If the flow
velocity or the liquid viscosity is high, the angle should be kept smaller.
• General practice is to keep the angle small near the throat where the velocity is
high and gradually increase it as the velocity decreases.
• The losses in the diffuser are rather high. The percentage kinetic energy
converted to pressure ranges from 75 to 90 %.
• The flow velocity leaving the diffuser is kept slightly higher than the velocity in
the discharge line from the pump.

PEMP
Input Drawing of a Pump Impeller RMD510

PEMP
Session Summary RMD510
 Working principle of a centrifugal pump has been

described briefly
 Characteristics of centrifugal pumps with radial,
backswept and forward swept vanes are highlighted.
 General guidelines and procedures for design of
centrifugal pump impeller, volute and diffuser are
discussed in detail
detail.

PEMP
Drag Pump RMD510
Drag pump C
Compound
d turbo-drag
t b d pump

PEMP
Pitot Pump RMD510

PEMP
Radial Vane Pump RMD510

PEMP
Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings RMD510
Friction losses
through pipe
fittings in terms of
equivalent lengths
of standard pipe

14-PT12 - HydPumps 59 (Compatibility Mode)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

14-PT12 - HydPumps 59 (Compatibility Mode)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PEMP

Design of Hydraulic Pumps

Session delivered by:

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 1

 To review the working principle of centrifugal pumps

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 2

 Accelerate flow by imparting kinetic energy

Radial flow Mixed flow Axial flow

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 4

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 5

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 6

Radially Split Multistage Pump RMD510

Application: Boiler Feedwater

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 7

Variation in specific speed with type of pump

• It is a number that defines the type

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 8

Optimum geometry as a function of BEP specific speed (for single stage

Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 9

Approximate upper limit of pressure and capacity by pump class

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 10

• The pump impeller receives the liquid to be pumped

A classic pump impeller receives liquid at its

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 11

Centrifugal pump impeller types are:

H-Q curves for pump

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 12

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 13

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 14

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 15

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 16

• Total dynamic head

For a vertical pump with pumping element

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 18

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 19

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 20

Performance Characteristics RMD510

 The efficiency of a pump varies considerably depending upon the

• Hydraulic efficiency is the ratio of the head developed by the pump to

• Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of the power delivered by the pump to

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 22

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 23

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 25

Near Design Point

• In a rotating impeller, there are two kinds of flows:

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 26

Off Design Point – Low Flow Rates

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 27

Ref: ‘Hydrodynamics of Pumps’ by C.E. Brennen

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 28

• There is no rigorous procedure for

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 29

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 30

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 31

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 32

 Impeller Inlet diameter D1 is chosen to minimize the inlet relative

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 33

18 @ M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 34

• The fluid at discharge end is at a higher

Where, CL = leakage coefficient

design the diameter may be based

• Inlet vane diameter D1 = D0 to ens