Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the

progression of time. It is a useful tool for planning and scheduling projects.

A Gantt chart is helpful when monitoring a project's progress. A Gantt chart is a

type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start
and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.
S - Curve
The S Curve is a well known project management tool and it consists in
"a display of cumulative costs, labour hours or other quantities plotted
against time.” The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve,
flatter at the beginning and end and steeper in the middle, because this
is the way most of the projects look like.

The S curve can be considered as an indicator and it's used for many
applications related to project management such as: target, baseline,
cost, time etc.

Variety of S-Curve

* Man Hours versus Time S Curve

* Costs versus Time S Curve
* Baseline S Curve
* Actual S Curve
* Target S Curve
* Value and Percentage S Curves
Man Hour S - Curve

The Man Hours versus Time S Curve is appropriate for projects that are labour
intensive. It shows cumulative man hours expended over time for the duration of
the project. As man hours are a product of man power and working hours, these
may be adjusted together or individually in an attempt to keep the project on
schedule. Projects may require additional man hours to finish on time due to low
productivity, delays and disruptions, rework, variations, etc.
Cost S - Curve

The Costs versus Time S Curve is appropriate for projects that contain
labour and non-labour (e.g. material supply / hire / subcontract) tasks. It
shows cumulative costs expended over time for the duration of the
project, and may be used to assist in the calculation of the project's
cashflow, and cost to complete.
Baseline S - Curve
Prior to project commencement, a schedule is prepared outlining the
proposed allocation of resources and the timing of tasks necessary to
complete the project within a set time frame and budget. This schedule is
referred to as the Baseline Schedule. From this schedule, a Baseline S
Curve is generated. This S Curve reflects the planned progress of the
project. If the project requirements change prior to commencement (eg.
change of scope, delayed start), the Baseline Schedule may require
revision to reflect the changed requirements.
Target S - Curve
Following project commencement, modification of the Baseline Schedule is usually
required. Changes are continually made to the Production Schedule (which is
originally the same as the Baseline Schedule). The production schedule reflects the
actual progress of the project to date, and any revisions made to tasks yet to
commence or not yet completed. From this schedule, a Target S Curve may be
generated. This S Curve reflects the ideal progress of the project if all tasks are
completed as currently scheduled. In an ideal world, the Target S Curve will meet
the Baseline S Curve at the end of the project (On Time, On Budget) or finish below
and to the left of the Baseline S Curve (Early, Under Budget). In reality, it is not
uncommon for the Target S Curve to finish above and to the right of the Baseline S
Curve (Late, Over Budget).
Actual S - Curve
The production schedule is updated on a regular basis throughout the duration of
the project. These updates include the revision of percentage complete for each
task to date. Using this information, an Actual S Curve may be generated. This S
Curve reflects the actual progress of the project to date, and may be compared
with the Baseline and Target S Curves to determine how the project is progressing.
During the project, the Actual S Curve will terminate at the Cut Off Date. This is the
date the Production Schedule was last updated. At the completion of the project,
the Actual S Curve will meet the Target S Curve.
 Sample Project S - Curve

Why Use a S Curve?

S Curve is an important project management tool. They allow the progress

of a project to be tracked visually over time, and form a historical record of
what has happened to date. Analysis of S Curves allow project managers to
quickly identify project growth, slippage, and potential problems that could
aversely impact the project if no remedial action is taken.
 Planned

% or COST etc.
Actual
ACTUAL

TIME
Construct a Gantt Chart with superimposed S-Curve base from the given
data.

NODES Activities Work Description Dur.(wks) Cost

1-2 A Demolition & Clearing 8 Php 21,390.00
2-3 B Excavation 14 Php 22,450.00
2-5 C Underground Installation 6 Php 56,980.00

3-4 D Foundation & Columns 5 Php 70,890.00

4-5 E Dummy 0
4-6 F Construction of 2/F 6 Php 100,000.00
4-7 G Roof Framing and Flooring 6 Php 150,000.00
5-7 H G/F Slab 4 Php 90,000.00
5-8 I Mech. Elect. Services 12 Php 120,300.00
6-7 J Construction of Exterior Walls 12 Php 90,000.00
7-8 K Dummy 0
7-9 L Construction of Interior Partition 10 Php 90,000.00
8-9 M Mech. & Elect. Equipment Fixture 12 Php 140,000.00
9-10 N Painting and Finishing Works 8 Php 80,000.00
Steps in constructing Gantt Chart with S-curve
1. Construct the PERT/CPM to verify the precedence of activities.

2. Tabulate the activity with corresponding cost or percentage.

3. Knowing the duration of project from step 1, construct the Gantt chart
based from the respective duration and precedence the activities.
Note: - Each cell is equivalent to single duration

4. Provide values on each cell

- Cell Value = Cost / duration

5. Repeat step 4 until all activities are plotted.

6. To check, Cost = Summation of Cell Values (horizontal)

7. Summation of cost for each duration

- Duration Cost = Summation of Cell Values (Vertical)

8. Compute the Cumulative Cost

9. Plot the cumulative cost(Y-Axis) vs Time (X-axis)

Construct a Gantt Chart with superimposed S-Curve base from the given
data.

ACT PRECEDES DUR COST

A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000
B F, D 7 Php 20,000
C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000
D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000
E H 2 Php 45,000
F G, I 6 Php 60,000
G H 4 Php 40,000
H END 8 Php 40,000
I END 9 Php 45,000
 ACT PRECEDES DUR COST
A C, D, F 4 Php 10,000
B D, F 7 Php 20,000
C E, G, I 5 Php 15, 000
D E, G, I 10 Php 100,000
E H 2 Php 45,000
F G, I 6 Php 60,000
G H 4 Php 40,000
H END 8 Php 40,000
I END 9 Php 45,000

A C E H
2 4 6
4 5 2 8
START

1 J 0 K 0 G 4
D 10 7 END

B F I
3 5
7 6 9
 ACT PRECEDES
A C, D, F
B D, F
C E, G, I
D E, G, I
E H
F G, I
G H
H END
I END
DUR COST
4 Php 10,000
7 Php 20,000
5 Php 15, 000
10 Php 100,000
2 Php 45,000
6 Php 60,000
4 Php 40,000
8 Php 40,000
9 Php 45,000

4 9 19
A C E H
2 4 6
4 5 2 8
0 17 21
29

START 1 J 0 K 0
D 10 G 4 7 END
0
4 17 26
B F I
7 3 13 5
7 6 9
 ACT PRECEDES
A C, D, F
B D, F
C E, G, I
D E, G, I
E H
F G, I
G H
H END
I END
DUR COST
4 Php 10,000
7 Php 20,000
5 Php 15, 000
10 Php 100,000
2 Php 45,000
6 Php 60,000
4 Php 40,000
8 Php 40,000
9 Php 45,000

4 12 9 19 19 21
A C E H
2 4 6
4 5 2 8
0 3 7 17 17 21 29 29
START 1 J 0 K 0
D 10 G 4 7 END
0 0
4 17 29 26
7 17
B F I
7 3 13 5
7 11 6 20 9
 ACT PRECEDES
A C, D, F
B D, F
C E, G, I
D E, G, I
E H
F G, I
G H
H END
I END
DUR COST
4 Php 10,000
7 Php 20,000
5 Php 15, 000
10 Php 100,000
2 Php 45,000
6 Php 60,000
4 Php 40,000
8 Php 40,000
9 Php 45,000

4 12 9 19 19 21
A C E H
2 4 6
4 5 2 8
0 3 7 17 17
21 29 29
START 1 J 0 K 0
D 10 G 4 7 END
0 0
4 17 26
7 17
B F I
7 3 13 5
7 11 6 20 9
Steps in constructing Gantt Chart with S-curve
1. Construct the PERT/CPM to verify the precedence of activities.

2. Tabulate the activity with corresponding cost or percentage.

3. Knowing the duration of project from step 1, construct the Gantt chart
based from the respective duration and precedence the activities.
Note: - Each cell is equivalent to single duration

4. Provide values on each cell

- Cell Value = Cost or Percentage / duration

5. Repeat step 4 until all activities are plotted.

6. To check, Cost or Percentage = Summation of Cell Values (horizontal)

7. Summation of cost for each duration

- Duration Cost = Summation of Cell Values (Vertical)

8. Compute the Cumulative Cost

9. Plot the cumulative cost(Y-Axis) vs Time (X-axis)

Project Status: Actual S - Curve

Determine the up to date overall status of the project based from the
given data below.

Work Description Dur. Cost Previous Present

(wks)
Demolition & Clearing 8 Php 21,390.00 100% 0
Excavation 14 Php 22,450.00 100% 0
Underground Installation 6 Php 56,980.00 0% 10%

Foundation & Columns 5 Php 70,890.00 100% 0

Construction of 2/F 6 Php 100,000.00 30% 5%
Roof Framing and Flooring 6 Php 150,000.00 30% 12%
G/F Slab 4 Php 90,000.00 0 10%
Mech. Elect. Services 12 Php 120,300.00 20% 7%
Construction of Exterior Walls 12 Php 90,000.00 10% 7%
Construction of Interior Partition 10 Php 90,000.00 10% 6%
Mech. & Elect. Equipment Fixture 12 Php 140,000.00 2% 2%
Painting and Finishing Works 8 Php 80,000.00 0% 2%