Formula Sheet

Matrix

 x1 x 2   y1 y 2   x1  y1 x2  y2 
   
x 4   y 3 y 4   x3  y 3 x 4  y 4 
1.
 x3
 x1 x 2   kx1 kx 2 
k   
x 4   kx3 kx 4 
2.
 x3
 x1 x 2   y1 y 2    x1  y1    x 2  y 3   x1  y 2    x2  y 4  
     
y 4    x3  y1    x 4  y 3   x3  y 2    x4  y 4  
3.
 x3 x 4   y 3

a b
If A is a 2  2 matrix, Let A   ,
c d 
1 0
4. I   
0 1 
5. det  A  A  ad  bc

1  d  b
A 1   
a 
6.
A  c

a b c
 
If A is a 3  3 matrix, Let A   d e f ,
g h i 

1 0 0
 
7. I  0 1 0
0 0 1 

8. det  A  A  a  ei  fh   b  di  fg   c  dh  eg 

Notice the + - + - pattern (+a... -b... +c... -d...). This is important to remember.

 ei  fh di  fg dh  eg 
1 1  
9. A   bi  ch ai  cg ah  bg 
A
 bf  ce af  cd ae  bd 

10.  AX  B    X  A 1 B 
11.  XA  B    X  BA 1 
Formula Sheet

Differentiation

The Power Rule

d d
12. ( x n )  nx n 1 18. (sin x)  cos x
dx dx

d
13.  cf ( x)  c d f ( x) 19.
d
(cos x)   sin x
dx dx dx

d d d
14. (u ) m  mu m1 (u ) 20. (tan x )  sec 2 x
dx dx dx

15. d
21. (csc x)   csc x cot x
d dx
 f ( x)  g ( x)  d f ( x )  d g ( x)
dx dx dx
d
22. (sec x)  sec x tan x
dx
16.
d
 uv  u  d (v)  v  d (u )
dx  dx   dx  d
23. (cot x)   csc x
dx
17.

 d   d 
 v  (u )  u  (v)
d  u   dx   dx 
  ,v  0
dx  v  v2

The Chain Rule

d
24.  f  x   n  n f  x   n1 f '  x 
dx

25.
d x
dx
 
e  ex

26.
d kx
dx
 
e  k (e kx )

27.
dx
e
d f ( x)

 e f ( x) f ' x

d 1
28. ln x 
dx x
Integration

ax n 1 1
29.
 ax dx 
n

n 1
 C , n  1 35.
 x dx  ln x  C
b 1 1

b  x n1 
x dx  
n

36.
 ax  b dx  a ln ax  b  C
a
 n  1 a
30.
 b n 1   a n1 
  
37.  sin x dx   cos x  C
 n  1  n  1
38.  cos x dx  sin x  C
31.  cf ( x) dx  c  f ( x) dx
 sec x dx  tan x  C
2
39.
32.

  f ( x )  g ( x )   f ( x ) dx   g ( x) dx  csc x dx  cot x  C
2
40.

e dx  e x  C  sec x tan x dx  sec x  C

x
33. 41.

e ax b 42.  csc x cot x dx   csc x  C

 e dx 
ax  b
34. C
a

Integration by Parts Quadratics

43.  u dv  u v   v du 44. x
 b  b 2  4ac
2a

Completing the Square

2 2
b b ax 2 bx c
45. ax 2  bx  c  ax 2  bx     c    , when value a  1 , change it to  
2 2 a a a
first only start doing completing the square.
Sequence

46. First term, T1  a

47. nth term = Tn
48. Sum of nth term = S n
49. Common Difference, d
50. Common Ratio, r

Arithmetic

51. d  Tn  Tn 1
52. Tn  a   n  1 d
n
53. Sn   2a   n  1 d 
2

Geometric

Tn
54. r
Tn 1
55. Tn  ar n 1
1 r n 
56. S n  a  
 1 r 
 1 
57. Sn  a   , where  1  r  1
1 r 
Interest

58. Simple Interest, I  P rt P = Present Value

59. Accumulate amount, A  P 1  rt  r = Rate
 r
nt n = Terms
60. Accumulate Compound Interest, A  P 1   t = Years
 n
 1  r  n  1 
61. Annuities, S  R  

 r 

Marginal Function in Economics

62. Cost Function, C  x 

C  x
63. Average Cost Function, C 
x
d
64. Marginal Cost Function, C '  x   C  x
dx

65. Revenue Function, R  x   x  f  x 

d
66. Marginal Revenue Function, R '  x   R  x
dx

67. Profit Function, P  x   R  x   C  x 

d
68. Marginal Revenue Function, P '  x   P  x
dx

69. Break-even status, C  x   R  x 