COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ELECTIVE 2: WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

PCM ENCODING

SUBMITTED BY:
ACAJA, MARY ROSE A.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. EDISON BENGCO

DATE SUBMITTED:
AUGUST 14, 2019

SCHEDULE:
W 12:00-3:00

RATINGS
I. THEORY
II. GENERAL OBJECTIVES

III. LIST OF FIGURE AND MATERIALS

IV. LABORATORY PROCEDURE
V. DATA RESULTS

VI. ANSWER TO QUESTION

 4. Theoretically the number should be 1000000. However, in practice, it will vary above
and below this number unit to unit due to small amounts of DC offsets.
5. To allow the PCM encoder to encode voltages above and below 0V.
6. The number gets smaller.
7. The number gets bigger.
8. Typically 5Vp-p.
9. 19.5mV
10. Because every time it samples the input signal, its voltage is different.

VII. OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION

Encoding is the process of representing the sampled values as a binary number in the
range 0 to n. The value of n is chosen as a power of 2, depending on the accuracy required.
Increasing n reduces the step size between adjacent quantisation levels and hence reduces the
quantisation noise. The down side of this is that the amount of digital data required to
represent the analogue signal increases.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

At the encoder the sample-and-hold operation (before encoding) is executed

periodically. It produces a rectangular pulse form 2. Each pulse in the waveform is of exactly
the same amplitude as the message at the sampling instant.
But it is not possible to recover a distortion less message from these samples. They
are flat top, rather than natural samples.
Call this the sampling distortion.
At the encoder the amplitude of this waveform was then quantized. It is still
rectangular pulsed waveform, but the amplitude of each pulse will, in general, be in error by
a small amount. Call this waveform s(t).

IX. TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCES

Emona DATEX Manual

http://www.technologyuk.net/telecommunications/telecom-principles/pulse-code-
modulation.shtml

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~troppel/courses/TIMS-manuals-
r5/TIMS%20Experiment%20Manuals/Student_Text/Vol-D1/D1-12.pdf