COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
PCM ENCODING – ELECTIVE 2:
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
LABORATORY
W / 12:00 PM – 3:00PM / ROOM 116
1ST SEM SY 2019 -2020

SUBMITTED BY:

SUBMITTED TO:

DATE SUBMITTED:
AUGUST 14, 2019

RATINGS
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus

I. Theory
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II. General Objective

III. Specific Objectives

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IV. List of Figures and Materials

V. Laboratory Procedure and Data Results

University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta – Calamba Campus

FIGURE 11
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Data Results
PCM ENCODER’S OUTPUT CODE PCM ENCODER’S INPUT CODE
00000000 0111110100
PCM ENCODER’S OUTPUT CODE PCM ENCODER’S INPUT CODE
11111111 0111110101
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VI. Answers to Questions
4. Theoretically the number should be 10000000. However, in practice, it will
vary above and below this number from unit to unit due to small amounts of
DC offset.
5. To allow the PCM Encoder to encode voltages above and below 0V(which
is a property of message signals as speech and music.)
6. The number gets smaller.
7. The number gets bigger.
8. Typically 5Vp-p – the values in table 1 & 2 should be above +/- 2.5V.
9. (+2.5V - - 2.5V) / 256 = 0.095V or 19mV
10. Because every time it samples the input signal, its voltage is different

VII. Observation
I observed that encoding is the process of representing the
sampled values as a binary number in the range 0 to n. The value of n is
chosen as a power of 2, depending on the accuracy required.
Increasing n reduces the step size between adjacent quantization levels and
hence reduces the quantization noise. The down side of this is that the
amount of digital data required representing the analogue signal increases.

VIII. Conclusion

I conclude that the digitization of analog signal is done by

the encoder. It designates each quantized level by a binary code.
The sampling done here is the sample-and-hold process. These
three sections (LPF, Sampler, and Quantizer) will act as an analog
to digital converter. Encoding minimizes the bandwidth used.
IX. References
http://www.electronictutorials.com