PARTI

V.PHI
LIPPINEMINI
NGACTOF1995 I
II
[RA7942] Ar
eal
lfor
msofut
il
izati
onofthenat
ural
resour
ces
prohi
bit
ed?
I.
ThePhi
l
ippi
neBil
lof1902&t
heso-
cal
l
ed NO.Theconst i
tuti
onpr ovi
dest hat:
PARI
TYRIGHTS. CONGRESS may by l aw,al low smal lscal e
uti
lization of t he naturalr esources by i ts
The PHI LIPPI
NE BI LL of1902 was among t he cit
izens;
organic actst hrough which the US assumed Thest at emust ,i
nt heuti
l
izationanddi spositi
on
admi ni
strat
ion oft he Phi
l
ippi
ne Isl
ands.Among ofnat uralr esources,appl yt he pri
nciple of
others, it provi
ded f or the fr
ee expl or
ati
on, agrarianr ef
or m andstewardshi p;
occupationandpur chaseofmi ner
aldeposi t
sand Thest ateismandat edtopr otecttherightsof
thelandwher etheymaybef oundbyUSci t
izens.
thesubsi st
encef i
sherment ot hepreferenti
al
useofmar i
neandf i
shi
ngr esour ces.
In1935,t heCommonweal t
hConst i
tut
iondeclared
allnatur
alr esources,includingminerallandsand
I
V.
mineralst o belongtot hest at
e.Howev er,those
ACTIVITESWHI CHMAYBEUNDERTAKENBYTHE
withexistingr i
ghts,grant,leaseorconcessionat
STATEI NCONNECTI ONWI TH
thetimeoft headopt ionoft he1935const i
tut
ion
ITSFULLCONTROL&SUPERVI SION.
wereout si
det heapplicati
onofJURAREGALI A.
[
4MODES]
(
1)Thest atemayunder t
akesuchact i
vit
iesdirectly
;
Yearsl at
er,an or di
nance was appended t ot he
(
2)Thest at
emayent eri nto co-production,j oi
nt
constituti
on cal led t he PARI TY RI GHTS
venture, pr oduct i
on-shar ing wi th Fi l
ipino
AMENDMENT.I tprovi
dedt hatnotwithstandi
ngt he
Citi
zensofqual ifi
edcor porati
ons;
adoption by t he constituti
on oft he REGALI AN
(
3)Congr ess,may by l aw al l
ow smal l scale
DOCTRI NE and t he proscr i
pti
on agai nst al
iens
uti
li
zat i
on of nat ural r esources by Fi l
ipino
parti
cipating i
nt henat uralweal t
h oft henat ion,
Citi
zens;
excepted t herefr
om wer e US ci ti
zens and i t
s
(
4)Fort helarge-scal
eEDUofmi nerals,petroleum
businessent er
pr i
seswhichwoul dhav eequalr i
ghts
andot hermi neraloi l
s,t hepresidentmayent er
i
nt heEDUofournat uralresources.Amongt heses
i
ntoFTAAwi thforeign-ownedcor porati
ons.
resourcesar eourmi ningl andsandmi neral
sf r
om
JULY4, 1946TOJULY3, 1974.
V.
APEXMI
NINGv.SOUTHEASTMI
NDANAOGOLD
II
.
MI
NINGCORPORATI
ON
Di
scusst
he
CONCEPTOFJURAREGALI
A[5pt
s.]
I
ssue.WON DAO No.66byt heDENR Secr etary
,
declar
ing 729 hectar
esofar eascov er
ed byt he
CONCEPTOFJURAREGALI A.SECTI ON2, ARTICLE
AGUSAN- DAVAO-SURUGAOFor estreser
veasnon-
12 OF THE CONSTI TUTI ON.Al llands ofpubl i
c
for
estl andopent osmall
-scal
emi ni
ngoperati
ons,
domai n,water
s,mi nerals,coal,petr
oleum andot her
val
id?
mineraloi l
s,forcesofpot enti
alener gy
,f i
sheries
and ot hernaturalr esour ces are owned by t he
Held.No,
iti
snotval
id.
STATE.Wi t
htheXPNofagr i
cultur
allands,natur al
Secti
on5ofRA7942pr ov
idesthatt
hePresi
dent
resourcesmaynotbeal ienated.TheEDUofnat ur al
may establ
ish mineral r
eserv
ati
ons upon the
resources shallbe undert he fullcont r
oland
recommendati
onoftheDENRSECRETARY.
supervisi
onoft hest ate.Al ll
andsnotappear ingt o
beofpr i
vat
edomi ni
onpr esumptivel
ybelongt ot he
Based on t he f oregoi
ng,the establi
shmentof
state.
mineralreservesr esi
deonlywiththePRESI DENT.
Hence,i ti s bey ond the power of the DENR
secr
etaryt owi thdraw l
andsfrom forestreserv
es
andtodecl ar
et hesameasanar eaopenf ormini
ng
operati
ons.

[
Not
ewor
thyi
sthef
actt
hatar
easwi
thi
nthef
orest
r
eser
vear
enotopent
omi
ningl
ocat
ion.
]
 VI
. VI
II
Whati
sanFTAA? TheDOCTRI
NEOFPRI
MARYJURI
SDI
CTI
ON

TheFinancialorTechni calAssistanceAgreement Thecour t

swi llnotresolveacont rov er
syinvol
vinga
i
s a cont r
act involv
ing financial or t
echni
cal quest i
on t hat is wi thint he jurisdi
cti
on of an
assi
stancef orl
argescaleexplorat
ion,dev
elopment admi nistr
ative t ri
bunal , especially wher e t he
andutil
izat
ionofmi ner
al r
esources. quest i
on demands t he t echnicalknowl edge and
experience of t he admi ni
strati
v e tr
ibunal t o
Thecol lecti
onoft hegovernmentshar
ei nFTAA determi net het echnicaland i ntr
icatemat ter
sof
shallcommenceaf tert
heFTAAcontract
orhasfull
y fact.Insuchacase, t
hej udici
alproceedingshal lbe
recoveredi t
spre-oper
ati
ngexpenses,expl
orat
ion suspendedpendi ngr eferr
alofsuchi ssuest ot he
anddev elopmentexpendi
tur
es. admi nistr
ativebodyf oritsviews.

[
sidenotes] Itfinds appli
cati
on when t he case i
nvolves a
Formsofmi neralagr
eements: questi
onofwhatcoalar easshoul dbeexpl oi
ted,
(1)MPSA,shar i
nginthegr ossout put
.Thecont r
actor andwhichent i
tyshouldbegr antedpermi
tsincethe
provi
des f or the financi
ng, t echnology and questi
oninv ol
vesat echnicaldeter
minati
onbyt he
management f or the i mplement at
ion of t he bureauast headmi ni
str
ativeagencyinpossession
agreement .
oft hespeciali
zedexper t
isetactont hemat ter.
(2)Co-producti
on Agreement ,the gov ernment shall
provi
dei nputstotheminingot herthanthemi neral [MGBhaspr i
maryjuri
sdict
ionf ormi
ningconfl
ict
s.]
resource.
(3)JVA,hav i
ngequityshar
esandshar ef r
om thegross [
seemi
ngl
yanexcept
iont
other
ule]
output. I
n ASAPHI
L CONSTRUCTI
ON AND
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v. TUASON.
The cour
trul
ed t
hatthereis a dist
inct
ion
VII
. bet
ween:
MI
NERSASSOCI
ATI
ONvFACTORAN
(
1)Pri
mar ypower sgr antedbythel aw t ot he
PursuanttoEO279,DENR[ respondent]i
ssuedcircul
ars departmentsecr etaryofanadmi ni
st r
ative
whichpet i
ti
onerallegedv i
olationofthenon-impairment orexecutivenature,suchasli
censing, i
ssue
cl
ause.Theci r
cularprovides:
of per mi ts, l
ease and cont racts or
(
1)DAO no 57, pr e-
termi nat
es and aut omat i
cal
ly
convertsminingleasest oproducti
onsharing approval/
cancellati
onofappli
cati
ons; and
(
2)DAOno82,pr ov i
desthatf ai
lur
et osubmitLOIsand (
2)Controversiesofcivilorcont
ractualnat ure
MINING PRODUCTI ON SHARE AGREEMENT shal l amongl i
tigant
swhi char equestionsofa
causet heabandonmentoft hequar r
y,sandand j
udicialnaturethatmaybeadj udi
cat edonl y
gravelper
mi t
s. bythecour tsofjusti
ce.

Thecour
trul
ed:
Theci
rcul
ari
sVALI
D. Ther esol
uti
onoft hev ali
dit
yorv oidnessofa
contractisaj udicialorl egalquest ion as i
t
EO 279hast heforceandeffectofal aw alteri
ngthe requir
es the exercise ofj udici
alf unct i
on.It
pri
vil
egesgr antedunderEO211.Thel aw authori
zesthe
requir
est heascer tai
nmentofwhatl awsar e
DENR t o negot i
ate and conclude joi
ntv enture,co
producti
on f or the EDU of mi ner
alr esources and appli
cabletothedi spute,theinterpretati
onand
prescr
ibi
ngt hegui del
i
nes,andthoseagreement sunder appli
cati
on of l aws,and t he r endering of
FTAAf orlar
gescal eEDU. j
udgmentbasedt hereon.Thedi sputei snota
miningconfl
ict
.
Whateverpr
ivi
legegr antedbyt heSTATEpur suanttoan
oldl
aw aresubj ecttoal t
erat
ionst hr
oughar easonabl
e Thus,MinesAdjudicati
onBoar dcommitt
edan
exer
ciseofpol i
cepower .Accordingl
y ,t
hest ateinthe err
orintaki
ngcogni zanceoftheappealandi
n
exer
ciseofpoli
cepowercannotbepr ecludedbyt henon rul
inguponthev
alidityofthecont
ract
s.
-i
mpairment clause from al ter
ing or modi fyi
ng the
mini
ngleaseoragr eement sal
readygr anted.
 [
sidenot
es]
VI
II
.[10poi
nts] How isf
ullcont
rol&supervi
si
onensured?Throughthe
LABUGALB’LAANv.RAMOS. mechani
smsofI NSPECTIONSANDVI SITORI
ALRI GHTS
OVER MINING OPERATIONS,AS WELLAS I NSTITUTE
REPORTORIALREQUIREMENTSi nt
hefollowi
ngmanner:
RA7942,al l
owsaf oreigncontr
actortoappl
yforand
holdanexpl orat
ionper mit.Itwasal l
egedthatitis  SECTI ON 8,pr ov i
desf ort hepowerofDENRof
unconstit
uti
onalsincet heconst
itut
iondoesnotall
ow over-al
lsuper visionandper iodicr ev
iew f
orthe
for
eign-owned cor porati
ons to undertake mining conser v
ation,management and dev el
opment
and pr oper use of t he count ry’
s mineral
operati
onsdirect
ly.Theymayactonl yascontr
actors
resources.
ofthestateunderanFTAA.
 SECTI ON 9,whi chaut horizest heMI NES AND
GEOSCI ENCESBUREAU, undert heDENRt o
IN LABUGALB’ LAAN vRAMOS,t hecourthel dt
hat a. TakeDI RECTCHARGEi nt headmi ni
str
ati
on
whiletheconst i
tut
ionmandatestheexer ciseofful
l anddi spositi
onofmi ner als;
control and supervi
sion over EXPLOITATI ON of b. Moni t
orcompl iancet oagr eements;
resources,nowheredoesitr
equi
ret hegovernmentto c. Conf iscatesur etyandper f ormancebonds;
holdallexplor
ati
onpermit
sandauthorizat
ions. d. Deput i
ze whenev er necessar y,the PNP,
Barangay , dulyr egister ed NGO or any
Pursuantt osect ion20ofRA 7942,anexpl orati
on quali
fiedper sont opol i
cemi ni
ngacti
vi
ti
es.
permi tmerelygrant st oaqual if
iedper sont her ightt o
conductexpl orati
onf oralmi neralsinspecifiedar eas.  SECTI ON66,v est
si ntheREGIONALDI RECTOR
Suchaper mitdoesnotamountt oaut horizat iont o exclusiv
ej ur
isdi
cti
onov ersafet
yinspecti
onof
extractandcar r
yof fmi neralresourcest hatmaybe alli
nstall
ati
onswhet hersurf
aceorundergr
ound,
discov er
ed.Theexpl or ation being expendi turesf or util
i
zedi nminingoperati
ons.
exploringthecont ractar eaanddi scov er
ingmi neral
bodies.Asnoext ractioni sinvolved,nor ev enuei s  SECTION35,whi chincorporatesint
oal lFTAA’ s
i
nv olved.Insum,t hest atelosesnot hingbygr anti
ng thef
ollowingter
ms&condi tions:[
amongot hers]
theseper mits,infact ,itst andsbenef i
tedint hef orm a. Useofappr opri
ateanti
-poll
uti
ontechnology
ofdat agenerated. b. Disposalofthemineral
satt hehighestprice
c. Furnishi
ngofrecordstot hegovernmentand
book of account s shall be open f or
I
sRA7942Val
i
d?
i
nspect i
on.
I
nt hef irstRESOLUTION. IX.
SChel dt hatFTAAsar eser
vicecontr
act sprohi
bit
ed Ifalandbepr i
vat
elyownedandmi ner
alsarefound
byt he1987const i
tuti
on.Whil
eitwasper mitt
edinthe underneath,
doeshehav etherightt
oextractwit
houtthe
prev i
ous const i
tut
ions,itwas st r
uck down i nthe needforpermissi
onfrom t
heSTATE?
presentconst i
tuti
on f orbeing anti
theti
calt othe
principleofsov ereigntyoverournat uralresour
ces No.Sect i
on 2 ofAr t
icl
e12 oft he1987 const i
tuti
on
becausef orei
gnersar eal
lowedtoexpl oi
tournatural provi
dest hatal llandsofpublicdomai n,miner
alsand
resour ces. othernaturalresourcesbelongtotheSTATE.Thi si san
echooft heconceptofJur aRegali
a.Withtheexcept i
on
IntheMOTI ONFORRECONSI DERATION ofagr i
cultur
alr esources,allothernat ur
alresources
Secti
on2,arti
cle12,prov
ides,thepr
esi
dentmayent er cannotbeal ienated.TheEDUofourr esourcesshallbe
i
nto agreement s wit
h Forei
gn owned corpor
ations underthefullsuper vi
sionandcont
rolofthegovernment.
i
nvolvi
ngt echnicalorfi
nancialassi
stanceforlarge
scaleEDU. In REPUBLI Cv .CA & DELA ROSA,SC hel dt hatt he
REGALI ANDoct ri
neextendsnotonl ytolandbutal soto
SChel dthat,t
hestat
emaysecur ethehel pofforeign allnaturalwealththatmaybef oundi nthebowel soft he
compani es, especi
all
y f i
nanci
al and t echnical Ear t
h.Oncemi neralsarefoundi ntheland,what everthe
use t o whi ch such land i s devoted,such may be
assist
ance,pr ov
ided thatthe st
ate mai nt
ains its
discontinued byt hest at
et o enableitto ext r
actt he
supervisi
onandcont r
ol.Thejust
if
icati
onf l
owsf rom
mi neral
st her
ein i n the exer ci
se of i t
s sov erei
gn
thegivenfactofthei
nadequacyofFili
pinocapi
taland
prerogative.Thel andisthusconv ert
edt omi neralland
technology. andmaynotbeusedbypr ivateindi
vidual
s,includi
ngt he
privateownert hereof.
InBENGUET CONSLI DATED v .REPUBLI C,i twashel d
thatt herighttopossessorownt hesurfacegr oundi s
separ at
eanddi stinctfr
om t hemi neralri
ghtsov erthe
samel
and.
AREPI PELINECONCESSI ONAI RESCOMMON
CHAPTER7. CARRIERSandar etherefor
eexemptf rom pay
ing
PARTVI
I.PETROLUEM ACTOF1949 t
axesongr ossr ecei
pts?
[RA387]
[
CaseofFirstPhi
l.Industr
ialCorpor
ati
onvCA] .
Crudeoi li
soi
lini
tsnatur
alstat
ebeforebeing
ref
ined. YES,theyarecommoncar ri
ers.
NaturalGasesarethosegasesobt
ainedfrom Art
icle1732oft hecivilcodedefinesacommon
boreholesandwell
sconsisti
ngpri
maril
yof carr
ier as any per son, corpor
ation, fi
rm or
hydrocarbon. associat
ionengagedi nthebusinessofcar r
yingor
tr
ansportingpassengersorgoodsorbot hbyl and,
KINDSOFCONCESSI ONS. water or ai rfor compensat i
on,of fer
ing their
(1)NONEXCLUSI VEEXPLORATI ONPERMI T servi
cestot hepubl
ic.
(2)EXPLORATI ON CONCESSI ON,whi ch grantst ot he
concessionair
etheexcl usi
v eri
ghtonspeci f
iedar eas. The PC is engaged int ransporti
ng goods,i.e.
(3)EXPLOITATI ON CONCESSI ON,gr antexclusiv
er i
ght
todeveloppetrol
eum pr oductioninspecifi
edar eas.
pet
roleum pr oducts for hi re as a publ ic
(4)REFINING CONCESSI ON whi ch grants r i
ght t o employment.Itundert
akest ocarryforallper
sons
manufact ur
eorrefinepet r
oleum ortoextract. i
ndif
ferent
ly,t
hatist oallpersonswhochooset o
(5)PIPELI
NE CONCESSI ON whi ch grant
st her ightt o employitsservi
ces,andt ransport
st hegoodsby
provi
de and oper ate pi pe l i
ne sy stems f or l
andandf orcompensat i
on.Thef actthatithas
tr
ansportingpetr
oleum. l
imit
ed client
ele does notexcl ude itfrom the
def
ini
tionofacommoncar ri
er.
ONTHERI GHTTOENTERPRI VATELANDS.
EXPLORATI ON & EXPLOI TATION Concessi onaires are CHAPTER8.
grantedtherighttoent erintoprivatelandscov eredby DEPARTMENTOFENERGYACTOF1992
thei
rpermitsforthepur poseofconduct i
ngst udies,with [RA7638]
therighttouseappar atusnecessar yt ocar r
yt hem out,
subjecttotheobligati
ont oindemni f
yt heownerorl egal
occupantfordamaget ot hepr operty;Intheev entthat PEREZVLPG.
entryisdenied,theconcessi onair
emayappl ywi t
ht he I
ssue:WON thepenalpr ovi
sioni ssuedbyDOEt o
RTC oft heprovincewher et helandi ssituatedf oran i
mpl ement BP33 whi ch penal i
zes I LLEGAL
orderall
owingentry,uponpost i
ngBOND. TRADING, HOARDI NG, OVERPRI CING,
ADULTERATION, UNDERDELI VERY AND
FI
LING OFCONCESSI ON,shal
lbewi
tht
heDi
rect
orof UNDERFILLI
NG ofpetroleum product s,aswellas
MinesandGeosci
ences. possessi
on fortr
ade of adul terated petr
oleum
product
sandunder
-ref
il
ledLPGcy li
nders,i
svali
d.
PIPELI
NECONCESSION
Theappl
icati
onshallbefi
l
edwi
ththeDi
rect
orofMi
nes
andGeosciences.
Held.
Yes.Asar ul
e,f
oranadmi ni
str
ati
veregulati
ont o
RightsConv eyedbyt hePi peli
neconcessi on.Api peline haveaf orceofapenall aw,itmustsat isfythe
concessi onaire acqui r
es t he non- excl
usiver i
ght t o fol
lowing:
transportpet r
oleum by means ofa pi peline sy stem (1)Thev i
olat
ion oftheadmi ni
str
ati
veregul at
ion
betweent hesour ceoft hepr oductionofrefi
ningandt he mustbemadeacr i
mebyt hestat
uteit
sel f
;
placesdef i
nedinpi peli
neconcessi on.Heshal lhav et he (2)Thepenal tyf
orviol
ati
onmustbepr ovi
dedf orin
preferentialr i
ghtt o util
i
ze hi si nstal
l
ations fort he thestatue.
transportofpet roleum ownedbyhi m,butisobl i
gat edt o
util
izeanyr emai ningtranspor t
ationcapacitypror ataf or Thecircul
arsatisf
iesthetwor equi
rements.Infi
rst
,
thet r
anspor tati
onofot herpetroleum asmaybeof fered
by ot her s f or t r
ansport, and t o char ge wi thout
i
tmer elyl
ay sdownt hemodesbywhi chtheact s
discri
mi nationasmaybeappr ovedbyDENR. ment i
onedinBP33coul dbeper petr
ated. Inthe
secondrequisi
te,i
tsmonet ar
ypenaltyiswellwit
hin
therangeprovi
dedf orint
hestatute.
Whatisabar r
el?
Underthepetrol
eum act
,abar r
eli
sequi
val
ent
to158.
98l i
ter
sor42USgal l
ons.
Whoist heDOESECRETARY?
Secr
etaryALFONSOCUSI .
 RIGHT onl
yand becomes subjecttoregul
ati
on.The
CONSTI
TUTIONALITYOFRA8180 regul
ati
oni
stopr
omot ethecommongood.
[TATADv.DOE] CHAPTER9.
PHI
LIPPI
NEFI SHERIESCODE
RA 8180, or t he DOWNSTREAM OI L INDUSTRY [RA8550]
DEREGULATI ON ACT OF 1996 i s unconst it
uti
onal.
Amongt heal l
egedunconst it
uti
onalprov i
sionsofthelaw DEFI
NE.
were:
1. imposingt ar
if
fdutyoni mportedcrudeoi lat3%;and Internalwat ersar e al lwat ersl andwar df rom t he
7%onr efined. basel ineoft het err
itorywhi chsov ereigntyissi milar
2. Requirementt omaintaina10% mi nimum inventor
y wi t
ht hesov ereigntyov erlandt erri
toryandar enot
or40day sofsupply; subj ectt oi nnocentpassage.Undert heconst it
ution,
3. Prohibit
iononpr edatorypri
cing these t he wat ers AROUND, BETWEEN AND
CONNECTI NGTHEI SLANDS.
Inruli
ngonitsUNCONSTI TUTIONALI
TY, thecour
theld: TheTer rit
or i
alSeai st hebel tofseaout war df r
om
Section19,art
icl
e12oft heConsti
tuti
oni sant
it
rustin thebasel i
neupt o12nm.Thesov ereigntyint hese
spi
ritandhist
ory,
itespousescompetit
ion. areas,aswel last heseabedar esi mi l
arwi t
ht he
sov ereignt yov erourl andt erri
tory.
Ouroili
ndustr
yisoperat
edandcontroll
edbyaf oreign TheCZi sthatar eathatext endsnoexceedi ng24nm
ol
igopol
y,CALTEX,SHELL AND PETRON.Al lot her from t hebasel i
ne.Thest ateauthor i
tyhasr i
ght st o
pl
ayers bel
ong t
ot he smal
lplayers.The domi nant prev ent i nfri
ngement upon i t
s CUSTOMS,
pl
ayersboastoft
heirREFI
NERI
ES,Thet ari
ffdif
ferential IMMI GRATI ON, FISCALANDSANI TATI ONpol ici
es.
of4%wor kst
otheimmensebenef
itofthethree. TheEEZi st hatareaupt o200nm f r
om t hebasel ine,
wher et hest atehasr ightsov erthesea,seabedand
The4% di ffer
enti
alisabar riertonew pl ayerssinceit subsoi l
,BUTt her i
ghtdoesnotaf fectNAVI GATI ON
meansspendi ngbi l
li
onst oer ectrefi
neriessinceifthey ANDOVERFLI GHT.
don’tbuil
drefi
neri
es,thei
rcost sshal
l be4%muchhi gher
. TheCont i
nent alShelfr eferst ot heseabedandt he
Thisresultsincompet it
ionofunev enf i
eld.Inarguing subsoi loft hesubmar i
net hats ubmar i
near east hat
thatthe4%di ffer
enti
alshalli nducepr ospecti
veplayers extendbey ondt het erri
torialseat hroughoutt he
toinvestisl i
keput t
ingt hecar tbeforethehor se.To natur alpr olongat ion t ot he out eredge oft he
attr
actnewpl ayersisthef i
rstneed,whi chi sunl
ikel
yby cont i
nent al mar gi n.
burdeningthem withheavydi sincent
ives. Muni cipalWat er si ncludenotonl yst reams,l akes,
i
nlandbodi esofwat erwi t
hint hemuni cipal
it
y,not
While 8180 contained a separabi
l
ity clause,i
twas being t he subj ectofpr i
vat e owner shi p and not
decl
ared unconsti
tuti
onalinitsent i
retysince t
he (
3) compr i
sed wi thint he nat i
onalpar ks,t imberlands,
off
endingprovi
sionswer esoi nt
imatelytheessenceof forest/f i
sher yr eser vesbutal sot hemar inewat ers
thel
aw. i
ncl uded bet ween t he t wo l ines dr awn
perpendi cularl
yt ot hegener alcoast li
nef r
om poi nts
RA9136EPIRA wher et heboundar yl i
nesoft hemuni cipali
ty/ci ty
TheELECTRI
CPOWERI NDUSTRYREFORM toucht heseaatl ow tideandat hi rdper pendicular
ACTOF2001 l
inewi t
ht hegener alcoast l
i
neat15km f r
om it.The
l
imi tis3nm f rom t hegener alcoast l
ineusi ngt he
ThepurposeoftheEPI RAwast otappr i
vatecapit
alf
or abov e per pendi cular l i
ne and a t hird par allel
theexpansi
onandi mpr ovementoftheindustry
.Under perpendi cularli
ne.
theEPIRA,ERCwascr eatedwhichabolishedtheERB.
Among the provi
sions weret he pr
ivat
izati
on ofthe WhoistheDASecret
ary
?
Nati
onalPowerCorporati
on,NAPOCOR. Secr
etar
yWil
li
am Dar
.
The EPI RA al so provi
des for a framework of LLDA
rest
ruct
uringoft heINDUSRTRYwhichdi
vi
desiti
ntof
our
,
namely: Facts.I
n1966,LLDAwascr eatedf
ort
hedevel
opmentof
1. Gener at
ion Laguna Lake ar
ea and surr
oundi
ng r
egi
ons.In 1991,
2. Transmi ssion RA7160wasenact ed.
3. Dist
ribution;and
4. Supply Under 7160, 149( a) the muni ci
pali
ti
es shall have
exclusi
ve authorit
yt o grantfishery pri
vi
leges i
nt he
Apubl i
cut
il
itymustsubmi ttogovernmentregulat
ions. muni ci
palwat er
sandi mposerent al
s/charges.Ont he
InSURIGAO vERC,t hecourtheldthatther atestobe otherhand,RA 4850 pr ovi
des thatLLDA shal lhave
chargedbypubli
cut il
it
iesisfoundedupont hepolice exclusi
vejuri
sdicti
ont oissuepermi t
sfortheuseoft he
powersofthestateandst atut
esprescri
bingt herul
es. l
ake,t o saf eguardt he quali
ty and cont rol
,coll
ect
Whenapr i
vatepr
opertyisusedforpubl
icpurposeandi s necessaryfees.
aff
ectedwithpubli
ci nt
erest
,itceasestobePRI VATE
Issue.Whoshoul dexerci
sejuri
sdi
cti
onov erLAGUNA
LAKEi nsofarasi
ssuanceofper
mitforfi
sherypr
ivi
l
eges
i
sconcer ned.

Hel
d.LLDAshal
lhav
eaut
hor
it
ysppr
evai
l

XV.
DOCTRI
NEOFEXHAUSTIONOF
ADMI
NISTRATI
VEREMEDI
ES.

XVI.
[
[[
TAROVSOCRATES
Ordi
nance,val
i
d?

XVI I
.
[
[[
[ARANETv .GATMAI
TAN,
PRESI
DENT?Yes.

XVII
I.
[
[[
[EXCEPTI
ONSTOSEARCHWARRANT
qui
zonvca

XIX.
ONLYFI
LIPI
NOSFORWATERPERMI
T.

XX

XI
II
.
RENMANCASEPAGE375

XIV.
COLLADOPAGE381
Nomat
terhowlong,
sincenoposi
ti
veact
.