HISTORY  ITSTORY  Non-collared shirt – red : datu,

blue or black : lower classes

 HISTORIA  Sources o Bahag
 INQUIRY and INVESTIGATION  Written – Common and
 Sequential record of events from Uncommon
human past o Putong
 Unwritten – remains, artifacts,
 HISTORY (types) and oral traditions  Headgear – red : killed a one
 WRITTEN HISTORY o Primary Sources person in a war, embroidered :
 ORAL HISTORY  Based on the actual event killed several people (7)
 Historian  Eyewitness account  Women
 Objective History  Autobiography and records of o Baro
 THUCYDIDES persons involved in an event o Saya - Tagalog
o It is an inquiry and investigation  Remains and artifacts o Patadyong – Visayan
to past events o Secondary Sources o Tapis
o “Takes no side and honest only  Based on primary sources o pusod
to truth and real events” verify its authenticity  Body Ornaments
o Witness  Pag-aaral sa Kasaysayan ng o Jewelry
 LEOPOLD VON RANKE Pilipinas mababatid lamang sa  Kalumbiga – armlets
o Gives no importance to the pamamagitan ng mga labi (buto at  Aretes – earrings
Historian’s own perspective and bungo) at artipakto (kagamitan at o Human Body
interpretation of the events kasangkapan)  Pintado
o “Father of Scientific History”  Taong Tabon – unang tao sa Pilipinas  Vanity
 Modern History nabuhay sa Panahon ng Lumang  War Record
 Objective History does not exist Bato may sinaunang sistema ng  House
 BENEDETTO CROCE pagsulat  Wood, Bamboo, and Nipa Palm
o CHRONOLOGY – Sequential  Chinese Annals – pinagmulan ng  Built separately
record of events from human ilang tala hinggil sa sinaunang  Removable stairs
past Pilipinas  Batalan – Bathroom
o Historian’s own perspective and  Room – stockroom of household
interpretation of the events Pre-Colonial Philippines things
 RENATO CONSTANTINO  Matong – big storage for rice
 Clothing
 SAYSAY  Silong
 Men
 HISTORY  Social Classes
o Kanggan
 HERSTORY
  Datu – Gat or Lakan (Gat Maitan o
Lakan Dula)
 Mahadlika or maharlika
 Timawa
 Alipin
o Namamahay – with own family
o Saguigilid – no personal
properties
(In Vizayas)
o Tumataban – served when
needed
o Tumarampuk – served for a day
o Ayuey – served for three days
 Classes of Alipin
 Ganap na alipin – both parents are
alipin
 Kalahating alipin – one parent is a
alipin, the other is maharlika
 Mala-alipin – one parent is
Kalahating alipin, the other is
maharlika
 Women Status
 Equality for men and women
 Women can hold positions as high
as datu
 Regio Feminarium – Kingdom of
Women
 Prinsesa Urduja – great ruler,
intelligent, able to speak many
language
 Reyna Sima – Cotabato
 Reyna Maniwantiwan – Panay
 Reyna Maniwantiwan – Panay
 Canonay – Panay  Community
 Mother of Rajah Matanda  Balangay – 30 – 100 families
 Uray – granddaughter of Rajah  Law – trial by ordeal
Katunaw or Sikatuna of Bohol  Bultong
 U – Leader, Ray o Raya –  Alaw
Kingdom  Umaluhokan
 Ladyangbata at Siyangpuno –  Council of Elders o Agorang
granddaughters of Rajah Matanda  Religious beliefs
 Babaylan (Bisaya) o Catalonan  Immortality of the soul
(Tagalog)  Life after death
 Courting and marriage  Animism
 LOVE  Bathala
 Arranged Marriage o Idiyanale – agriculture
o Dowry or Dote – bigay kaya o Sidapa – death
o Panghimuyat – payment for the o Agni – fire…
parents for nursing all day, o Tigmamanukin and Crow
morning and evening o Crocodile and Old Trees
o Bigay-suso – payment for the o Anitos – Tagalog
nanny for breastfeeding o Diwata – Visayan
o Himaraw – payment for the  Languages
mother for breastfeeding  Austronesian – origin
 Stages of Marriage  Malayo-Polynesian – modern
o Tawaran origin
o Pamumulungan o pamamalae o Similarities of words and
 Mixed Marriage meaning…
o Mother – alipin, Father –  Alibata – a Sanskrit or Arabic
mahadlika provenance
o Gansal o nones (odd) – sa ama o 17 characters (3 vowels, 14
o Pares (even) – sa ina consonants)
o Bugtong – kalahating alipin,  COPPER PLATE
kalahating mahadlika  Literature
o Gansal ang dulo – kalahating  Sawikain – saying
alipin, kalahating mahadlika ang  Bugtong – riddle
huli
  Musika o 462 islands (exceeded the size  Mt. Mayon, Mt. Pinatubo, Taal
 Sayaw of 1km sq.) Volcano…
 Luzon o Valley
Geographical Setting  Mindanao o Plateau
 Philippines  Samar o River Systems
 Archipelago – 7,107 Islands (+/-)  Negros  Luzon
 Asia  Palawan  Rio Grande de Cagayan
 Southeast Asia  Panay  Agno Grande
 Northern Hemisphere  Mindoro  Abra River System
 Between Equator and Tropic of  Cebu  Rio Grande de Pampanga
Cancer (4°23’ at 21°25’ – north  Bohol  Mindanao
latitude) (116° at 127° – east  Size  Rio Grande de Mindanao
longitude) o 300, 000 km sq. (waters not  Agusan River System
 Insular or Maritime – surrounded included) o Coastline (Bay)
by bodies of water o Elongated and fragmented o Lake
 Boundaries o 1, 857 km (north – south)  Laguna de Bay – largest
o 1, 107 km (west – east)  Lake Buhi and Lake Bato
o 1, 800, 000 km sq. (total size)  sinarapan (tabyos)
 Physical Features o Falls
o Mountain Systems o Hot Springs
 Luzon o Strait
 Caraballo del Sur  Origin
 Caraballos Occidentales o Pacific Theory
 Neighboring Countries  Sierra Madre  Philippines has been formed
 Visayas when one huge continent in
 Negros Range the Pacific submerged
 Panay Range  Lemuria o Mu
 Mindanao  Philippines, Celebes,
 Surigao Range Moluccas, Java, Borneo,
 Butuan Range Hawaii, Samoa, and other
 Central Western Range islands in the Pacific
 Islands
 Western Range o Theory of Volcanism
o 7, 107 islands (big and small)
o Volcanoes and Earthquakes  Philippines has been formed
through the eruption of the
 volcanoes under water, molten
rocks exploded upward, island
were formed, cooled and
resided.
 Circum Pacific Chain of
Fire/Circum Pacific Belt/Pacific
Ring of Fire
o Theory of Diastrophism
 Philippines has been formed
through tectonic activity, the
force inside the earth which
cause its movement and the
movement of its crust.
 Faulting (defect in land)
 Folding (formation of
highlands)
o Theory of Diastrophism
 Diastrophism is the folding and
faulting of earth’s crust
o Theory of Erosion
 Earth has been formed
through the erosion of
highlands due to air, rain, heat
of the sun, waves, and glacier
o Land Bridge Theory
 Philippines has been formed
by the connected lands of Asia
through the Land Bridge.
 Pleistocene Era
 Sunda Shelf
 Sahul Shelf
Foreign Influences
 The Filipino  First Sultan of Mindanao
 Mixture of races  Relations with the Orang
 Believed to belong in Malay Race!? Dampuans
 Blend of East and West characters o Southern Annam
 Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid… o Orang Dampuan (Men from
(Australoid) Champa) – not politically minded
 Regional Traits and had no intention of
 Ilokano (Samtoy) – frugal dominating the people of Sulu
 Tagalog – superior o Buranun – natives of Sulu
 Bicolano – equanimity  Angered and jealous,
 Visayan – hedonist massacred some Orang
 Muslim – lover of freedom Dampuans which in turn
 Peopling of the Philippines revenge and went home
 Professor H. Otley Beyer  Relations with Banjarmasin
o Product of migration of Malayan o Northern Borneo, Banjarmasin,
Culture Brunei
 F. Landa Jocano  Regular trade relations
o Product of own origin as proved between Buranuns and Banjars
by Taong Tabon  Banjarmasin
 Introduction of Islam  Looked upon with suspiscion
 Arab traders (Mudum) – spread  Diplomatic
Islam in Old Malaysia  Power of beautiful women to
 Sulu soften the heart of hostile
o Rajah Baguinda – from rulers
Menangkabaw, Sumatra arrived  Sulu came under the
and converted natives of Sulu influence of the Banjars
o Abu Bakr – established Sultanate  The union developed
of Sulu emporium and trading ships
 Married Paramisuli  Relations with China
 First Sultan of Sulu o Commercial relations with the
o Serif Kabungsuan – arrived and neighboring countries…China
converted natives of Johore o Arab mediated the trading
between the Philippines and
 Married influential family
China first
 o Sung Dynasty – trading flow in  They later on settled to different o Silver (spices)
continuous stream parts of the country o Swords (slaves)
 Colonies were founded in the  To maintain close family  Ways of Evangelization
coastal towns relations they conformed to a  Spirit
o Other countries in Asia became sort of political organization – o CROSS (Evangelization)
interested with the Philippines Confederation of Madyaas  Pueblo
o Ming Dynasty (Sumakwel – chieftain)  Grupo – regular, sekular
 Emperor Yung Lo sent a large  The Alledged Code of Kalantiyaw  Augustinian, Franciscan,
fleet to regain the control  Datu Kalantiyaw Dominican, Jesuit, Recoletos
 Admiral Cheng Ho headed the o Trial by Ordeal  Wika - Arsopispado ng Maynila
sixty vessel  Influences (Tagalog), Nueva Segovia
 Kochalao – Chinese governor  Chinese (Ilokano), Nueva Caceres (Bikol),
 Ended when Emperor Yung Lo  Indian Cebu (Cebuano, Ilongo, Waray)
died  Plaza Complex - epekto

 The Ten Bornean Datus

o Settlement in Panay is told in  Ways of Colonization
Maragtas (legendary) Spanish Colonization  SWORD (Military Campaign)
o In escaped of Sultan Makatunaw  Colonial Regulations
mistreatment ten chieftains reach  Objectives
o Centralization
Panay  3 G’s
o Patronization
 Puti, Bangkaya, Dumalugdog, o GOD
 Utilization of Native Culture
Sumakwel, Lubay, Paiburong,  Religious Factors
Dumangsil, Balensusa,  Muslim invaded Spain
Paduhinog, Dumangsol  Ferdinand and Isabella
o Panay was already inhabited by  Reconquista
Negritos (Atis) o GOLD
 Marikudo and Maniwantiwan  Economic Factors
o Aware of the suspection Datu Puti  Mercantilism
(leader) explained their intentions o GLORY
to just buy lands  Political Factor
 Payment – gold salakot and  Means (Ways of Evangelization)
necklace  3 S ’s
o Spirit
 Spanish Colonization o First to use innovation in
seamanship and boatbuilding
 Ancient Trading in the East o First Navigational School
 Prince Enrique
o “The Navigator”
 Senegal, Africa – Gil Eanes
 Green Island – Denis Fernando
 Gulf of New Guinea – Luigi
Cadamosto
 Cape of New Good Hope –
Bartolomeu Diaz
 Ancient Trading in the East  Calicut, India – Vasco de Gama
 Trading Routes (Portuguese Empire in the East)
o Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza de
o Northern Route (North China to  Brazil – Pedro Cabral
Barangay (O.D. Corpuz na
Constantinople)  America – Cristobal Colon
Political Shock Absorbers)
o Central Route (Malaka to  Pacific Ocean – Vasco Nuñez de
Constantinople) Balboa
o Southern Route (Malaka to Cairo)  Philippines – Fernando
 Hindrances of Spanish Colonization
 Seljuk Turks colonized and closed Magallanes
 infieles
the two routes  The World Divided
o Cordillera
o Muslim - Ummah  Portugal (East) vs. Spain
 Objectives (Americas)
 Pope Alejandro VI
3 G’s 3 S’s  Cape Verde (East – Portugal, West
 Maritime Discoveries
GOD Spirit  Factors that Influence Maritime – Spain)
Discoveries  Pope Alejandro Borgia (Borja)
GOLD Silver (spices)
o Growth of Commerce
GLORY Swords  Currency and Banking  Treaty of Tordesillas
(slaves) o Knowledge in Sailing  Cape Verde (East – Portugal, West
 Flat Earth vs. Round Earth – Spain)
o Renaissance  No trespassing
 Portugal  Return of ownership
 The Magellan Expedition
  East can only be travelled by
sailing eastward
 East can also be travelled by
sailing westward (Rejected)
 Don Juan de Aranda (India House
of Trade) and his Father-in-Law –
he was able to talk to Carlos I
(Primero)
 Cristobal de Jaro – lend him money
 Magellan sailed with Five Ships…
o San Antonio – Juan de Cartagena
o Trinidad – Magallanes
o Concepcion – Gaspar de
Quesada
o Victoria – Luis de Mendoza
o Santiago – Juan Serrano
 Antonio de Pigafetta
 September 20, 1519 – formal start of
the expedition
 Islas Ladrones – Island of Thieves
 March 16, 1521 – they saw the
highest peak of Samar mountains
(98 days)
 Stopped in Homonhon and then to
Limasawa
 Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Si Agu
 Enrique (interpreter)
 March 31 (first mass (Limasawa:
San Lazaro)
 Rajah Humabon (Carlos), Wife
(Juana)
 April 1521 – Magellan was defeated
and killed in the Battle of Mactan
 Lapulapu and Zula (chieftains)  Bohol – Rajah Si Katuna at Si
 Victoria – completed the voyage with Gala
Sebastian del Cano  Tupas – hinder the entry of
 From 170 only 18 survived Legazpi’s troop to Cebu
 The expedition was a test of human o Discovered the Sto. Niño image
endurance…food, perennial  Establishment of Spanish Cities
problems  Kutang San Pedro
 Importance of Magellan Expedition  Oton, Ilo-Ilo
 It proved that east can also be  Maynila
travelled by sailing westward o Ayuntamiento
 It widened the knowledge about o Arabal
world geography…PHILIPPINES
 The WORLD is ROUND
 The Villalobos Expedition
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos –
Saranggani
 Bernardo dela Torre
o Capitan Calabaza
 Tandaya – Leyte
 Makandala
 Las Phelipinas (Felipinas) – coined
to call Leyte
 The Legazpi Expedition
 Haring Felipe II
 Viceroy Velasco – Mexico
 Father Andres de Urdaneta
o Refused to accept the offer of
leading the team that would
colonized Philippines
 San Lucas – Mindanao (went back
to Mexico)
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – Cebu
(February 13, 1965)