Practical no:1

Title: Zoonotic disease of poultry and their control measure

Objectives
 To get acquainted with poultry zoonosis
 To know different infectious agents responsible for poultry zoonosis
 To know mode of transmission of zoonosis
 To know prevention and control measures of poultry zoonosis

Theory
A poultry zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from poultry to
humans. Avian zoonotic diseases can be divided into two major groups
1. Those exclusively from birds
2. Those that can also originate from other animals.

Zoonoses exclusive from birds

Disease Etiology Transmissiom Signs and Symptoms
Avian H5N1 avian Direct contact, raw or Respiratory symptoms
influenza influenza virus undercooked poultry and
poultry products
Ranikhet Paramyxo virus Direct contact, through Eye infection
dropping and nasal
discharge
Chlamydiosis Chlamydia Inhalation or ingestion Fever, headache, dry
psittaci, especially dry cough
submicroscopic contaminated
bacteria materials (dust)
Histoplasmosis Fungus Spore Inhalation Fever, chills, chest
Histoplasma from contaminated discomfort
capsulatum soil/material

West Nile Virus Genus Flavivirus. Birds are Flu-like

mosquito vector reservoirs. condition in humans
(Culex species).

Zoonoses not exclusive to birds

Disease Etiology Transmissiom Signs and Symptoms
Salmonellosis S. enteritidis, S Undercooked meat Diarrhoea, vomiting,
typhimurium, S and egg products abdominal cramps
new port from infected birds

Campylobacteri Mainly C. Contact or ingestion Enteritis and

o jejuni. of undercooked, diarrhoea
sis contaminated meat
Colibacillosis E. coli fecal/oral route Bloody diaeehoea
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Inhalation - agent in Coughing more than 3
avium complex dried droppings and weeks, blood in sputum
(MAC) contaminated soil
Pasteurellosis P. Multocida Wounds, bites or scratches Local infection, may
cause acute
pneumonia
Listeriosis L. Oral route. Causes Fever, stiff neck,
monocytogenes bacteraemia, weakness, vomiting
septicaemia
Erysipelas Erysipelothrix Cuts or abrasions contact Swollen, red and shiny
rhusiopathiae animals, tissues and muscle skin

Control measures for poultry zoonosis

1) Farm Sanitation
 Fumigation with disinfectants
 Proper disposal of litter and manure
 Cleansing and disinfection of soiled equipments
2) Use of personal protective equipments while dealing with poultry (coveralls, boots, mask,
goggle etc)
3) Control of vectors (Eg. Control of mosquito for west nile virus)
4) Strict biosecurity
 Isolation
 Traffic control
 Sanitation
5) Proper disposal of infected carcass (burning or incineration preferred)

6) Sanitation and disinfection of slaughterhouse

7) Periodic surveillance and monitoring of poultry farm, slaughterhouse and retail meat shop

8) Vaccination of poultry for zoonotic disease

9) Controlling slaughter of sick and deliberated birds

10) Good sanitation and hygiene during food preparation

11) Eliminating cross contamination of food with meat

12) Cooking meat at safe temperature

13) Use preservatives (salt, nitrates etc) and refrigerate meat for prolong storage

14) |Strict quarantine measure to control of spread of disease

15) Raising awareness to students, farmers, shopkeepers and consumers through newspaper, TV,
leaflets, pamphlets for control of poultry zoonosis