Important points about poultry disease

Disease Etiology Important points

Avian tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium Older birds usually affected ,Tubercles on
different organs .Prominent keel bone ,acid
fast staining

Avian spirochetosis Borelia anserina High body temperature. Watery greenish

diarrhea
Presence of Argas persicus, bluish comb
,splenomegaly
Clostridial infections
Necrotic enteritis Cl.Perfringens Reddish dark color diarrhea that is some time
confused with coccidiosis ,Turkish towel
appearance
Ulcerative enteritis Cl.Colinum Ulcers on intestine ,watery diarrhea
Gangrenous Cl.Septicum Gases and serosanguinus fluid under skin,
dermatitis gangrene area under skin
Botulism Cl.Botulinum Limber neck ( flaccid paralysis)
Salmonella infections
Pullorum disease Salmonella Pullorum Young age, non motile ,host specific ,chalky
white diarrhea ,mushy chicks ,hock joint
abscess, cecal cores,10-15 % egg infected.
Horizontal + vertical transmission.
Fowl typhoid Salmonella Gallinarum Host specific non motile ,Sulpher color
diarrhea ,grower and adult birds
Bronze coppery color liver, 80-90% egg
infected Horizontal + vertical transmission.
Fowl paratyphoid Salmonella typhimurium Motile, non host specific, watery diarrhea
Salmonella enteritidis ,young age ,cecal casts , button type nodules
on intestine Horizontal + vertical transmission .

Collobacilosis E.coli Motile ,pan systemic disease ,coli septicemia

,coligranuloma ,Hjjarre’s disease in turkeys
White fibrin layer on heart ,liver ,CCRD
Infectious Coryza Hemophilus Paragalinarum Disease of URT ,foul smelling discharge from
eyes and nostrils ,sticky and watery eyes .Roup
(weeping birds)conjunctivitis ,sinusitis ,facial
edema ,swollen head ,swollen comb and
wattles
Fowl cholera Pastreulla multocida Adult birds, swollen wattle, edema of throat.
Watery greenish diarrhea ,hunched up
position,discharge from mouth Corn meal liver

Mycoplasmosis (CRD) Mycoplasma gallisepticum URT+ LRT, airsaculitis ,cheesy exudates on air
sacs ,foamy appearance of air sacs .Frey’s
medium, PPLO broth .fried egg colonies ,CCRD
,razor blade keel bone .Horizontal + vertical
transmission .
Brooder pneumonia Aspergillus Gasping ,miliary tubercle on lungs (pin head to
fumigatus,aspergillus flavis pea size) usually brooding age
Candidiasis (thrush) Candida albicane Ulcer in mouth & esophagus ,crop .curd like
appearance of crop ,thickend crop
Mycotoxicosis Aflatoxins ,ochratoxin Atrophy of immune orgsans ,
,trichothesens ,etc (bursa,thymus)pale swollen hemorrhagic
liver.hemorrhages on body.koilen layer easily
peeled off .
Bloody thigh syndrome ,lazy leukocyte
syndrome
Coccidiosis E. acervulina Host specific, site specific, Pin point
E. brunette hemorrhages on intestine(Frank
.E. praecox hemorrhages), blood in intestine ceca become
E. maxima E. mitis engorged with blood. Bloody diarrhea.
E. mivati
E .necatrix
E. hagani E.tenella

Black head Histomonas meleagridis Characterized by black head & circular necrotic
(Histomoniasis ) liver lesions ( Bull eye lesions )

Internal parasite of Cappilarea annulata Less efficient utilization of feed. Hemorrhagic

poultry GIT ,cappilarea contorta enteritis, diarrhoea, emaciation, loss of weight
(cappilariasis ) Ascaradia & egg production. Intestinal blockage in severe
galli (ascariasis) Davenia infections. Occasional finding of A. galli in
 ,Rellitena hen’s egg due to migration of worm to oviduct
(tapeworm)Hetarekis via cloaca & subsequent inclusion in egg.
gallinarum
Internal parasite of Syngamus trachea Diffuse or focal tracheitis, gasping, dyspnea &
poultry respiratory Gap worm/ head shaking due to physical blockage of
system ( Gap,syngamiasis) airways. Signs resemble laryngotracheitis
/Forked worm/
Y-shaped worms