RESEARCHER

ROBLES, MARY MILET S. BSED 1F

(1) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: The K to 12 Basic Education Program | GOVPH. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/
TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. K to 12 Program “Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of
Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for
mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary
education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.”
2. K to 12 Program “Program implementation in public schools is being done in phases starting SY 2012–2013. Grade
1 entrants in SY 2012–2013 are the first batch to fully undergo the program.”
3. K to 12 Program “The Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries worldwide with a 10-
year pre-university cycle (Angola and Djibouti are the other two).”

4. K to 12 Program “A 13-year program is found to be the best period for learning under basic education. It is also the
recognized standard for students and professionals globally.”

5. K to 12 Program “The current curriculum has been enhanced for K to 12 and now gives more focus to allow
mastery of learning.”
6. K to 12 Program “Schools with special curricular programs will implement enriched curriculums specific to their
program (e.g. science, arts) following the K to 12 standards.”
7. K to 12 Program “The K to 12 Curriculum was designed to address diverse learner needs, and may be adapted to fit
specific learner groups.”
8. K to 12 Program “Republic Act No. 10157, or the Kindergarten Education Act, institutionalizes Kindergarten as
part of the basic education system and is a pre-requisite for admission to Grade 1.”
9. K to 12 Program “Subjects are taught from the simplest concepts to more complicated concepts through grade
levels in spiral progression. As early as elementary, students gain knowledge in areas such as
Biology, Geometry, Earth Science, Chemistry, and Algebra. This ensures a mastery of knowledge
and skills after each level.
10. K to 12 Program “Multi-grade teaching will continue and will use the K to 12 Curriculum.”

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(2) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Quiroz, J. J., & Lamao National High School. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://udyong.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5381:language-arts-and-multiliteracies&catid=90&Itemid=1267

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Language is the basis of all communication and the primary instrument of thought. Thinking,
Curriculum
learning, and language are interrelated. It is governed by rules and systems (language
conventions) which are used to explore and communicate meaning.”
2. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Language is the foundation of all human relationships.”
Curriculum
3. Language Arts Multiliteracies “The world is now in the “Knowledge age” where the challenge of education is to prepare
Curriculum learners in the information drift and rapidly changing world.”
4. Language Arts Multiliteracies “LAMC is making meaning through language and aims to develop graduates who are
Curriculum communicatively competent and multiliterates.”
5. Language Arts Multiliteracies “…rationale why Mother Tongue, Filipino and English follow a unified framework which allows
Curriculum easy transition from acquiring and learning one language to another.”
6. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Successful language learning involves viewing, listening, speaking, reading and writing activities
Curriculum
and accuracy. Language learning should include a plethora of strategies and activities that helps
students focus on both meaning and accuracy.”
7. Language Arts Multiliteracies “All languages are interrelated and interdependent.”
Curriculum
8. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Language acquisition and learning is an active process that begins at birth and continues
Curriculum
throughout life.”
9. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Learning requires meaning. We learn when we use what we know to understand what is new.
Curriculum
Start with what the students know; use that to introduce new concepts.”
10. Language Arts Multiliteracies “Students in this age must be prepared to compete in a global economy, understand and operate
Curriculum complex communication and information systems, and apply higher level thinking skills to make
decisions and solve problems.”

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(3) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Communicative Language Teaching (The Communicative Approach). (2017, May 18). Retrieved from
https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-language-teaching-communicative-approach/

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Communicative Language Teaching “…which is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages, emphasizes interaction
as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.”
2. Communicative Language Teaching “CLT has been seen as a response to the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), and as an extension or
development of the Notional-Functional Syllabus. “
3. Communicative Language Teaching “The increasing interdependency between the European countries necessitated a need for a
greater effort to teach adults the principal languages of the continent.”
4. Communicative Language Teaching “The paramount importance of communication aspects of language.”

5. Communicative Language Teaching “…a “notion” is a particular context in which people communicate.”
6. Communicative Language Teaching “Communicative language teaching syllabus organizes the teaching according to the notional and
functional categories of language rather than according to its structures.”
7. Communicative Language Teaching “…is a learner centered approach. It capitalizes on the interests and needs of the learner.

8. Communicative Language Teaching “CLT provides vitality and motivation within the classroom.”

9. Communicative Language Teaching “CLT is a holistic approach. It doesn’t focus only on the traditional structural syllabus. It takes
into consideration communicative dimension of language.”

10. Communicative Language Teaching “The increasing interest in meaningful learning.”

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(4) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: History of Communicative Language Teaching. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-
language/the-origins-of-communicative-language-teaching-english-language-essay.php?vref=1

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Communicative Language Teaching “…method of teaching second and foreign language.”
2. Communicative Language Teaching “…said to have originated from Britain during the 1960s.”
3. Communicative Language Teaching “…gave rise to a couple more proposals in language teaching and the communicative approach is
the one that has prevailed.”
4. Communicative Language Teaching “Students are expected to interact with other people such as through pair and group work. “
5. Communicative Language Teaching “…characterized as extensive teaching method and not just one with clearly defined sets of
classroom practices.”
6. Communicative Approach “…gives a great support for students to use the target language in various contexts and
functions.”
7. Fluency “…acceptable language is the main goal: accuracy is examined in context.”
8. Fluency “…based activities that encourage the development of confidence, role plays where they can
practice and develop language functions and the sensible use of grammar and pronunciation
focused activities.”
9. Communicative Approach “…environment would often have pairs/group work where participants are required to discuss
and work together.”
10. Communicative Language Teaching “…came as a response to the prominent method of learning a language, the Audio-lingual Method,
and as an application of the notion function syllabus.”

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(5) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Nordquist, R. (2019, May 26). Communicative Competence Is Key to Social Acceptance. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communicative-competence-1689768

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Grammatical Competence “…includes knowledge of phonology, orthography, vocabulary.”
2. Grammatical Competence “…word formation and sentence formation.”
3. Sociolinguistic Competence “…knowledge of sociocultural rules of use. It is concerned with the learners' ability to handle for
example settings, topics and communicative functions in different sociolinguistic contexts.”
4. Sociolinguistic Competence “…it deals with the use of appropriate grammatical forms for different communicative functions
in different sociolinguistic contexts.”
5. Discourse Competence “…related to the learners' mastery of understanding and producing texts in the modes of listening,
speaking, reading and writing.”
6. Discourse Competence “…deals with cohesion and coherence in different types of texts.”
7. Strategic Competence “…refers to compensatory strategies in case of grammatical or sociolinguistic or discourse
difficulties, such as the use of reference sources, grammatical and lexical paraphrase, requests for
repetition, clarification, slower speech, or problems in addressing strangers when unsure of their
social status or in finding the right cohesion devices.”
8. Strategic Competence “…concerned with such performance factors as coping with the nuisance of background noise or
using gap fillers.”
9. Communicative Competence “…refers to both the tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively.”
10. Communicative Competence “…is integral with attitudes, values, and motivations concerning language, its features and uses,
and integral with competence for, and attitudes toward, the interrelation of language with the
other code of communicative conduct."

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(6) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: The Importance of the English Language in Today's World. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://owlcation.com/humanities/importanceofenglishlanguages

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Language “…method through which we share our ideas and thoughts with others.”
2. Language “…people even say that language is what separates us from animals and makes us human.”
3. Language “Countries have their own national languages in addition to a variety of local languages spoken
and understood by their people in different regions.”
4. English Language “…most common foreign language.”
5. English Language “Speaking it will help you communicate with people from countries all over the world, not just
English-speaking ones.”
6. English Language “…is the dominant language in the sciences, most of the research and studies you find in any given
scientific field will be written in it as well.”
7. English Language “…dominant in international communication, you will find more information regarding nearly
every subject if you can speak this language.”
8. English Language “… essential to communication in our current time.”
9. English Language “…language of international banking and business.”
10. English Language “…it is the international language for foreigners, it's easy to get assistance and help in every part
of world.”

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(7) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Wijaya, H. (n.d.). Communicative Activities in Language Classroom. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/11001588/Communicative_Activities_in_Language_Classroom?auto=download

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Communicative Activities “…play a crucial role in communicative language teaching (CLT) as one of methods for best
facilitating students’ learning.”
2. Communicative Activities “Since the central theoretical concept in CLT is “communicative competence”, the focus has been
elaborated that CLT aims to promote the development of functional language ability through
learners’ participation in communicative events.”
3. Communicative Activities “…one which brings the language to life by providing a real basis for speaking, and the interactive
exchange of ideas, opinions, and feelings with others.”
4. Communicative Activities “English language teachers began to move away from traditional lesson patterns where the focus
was mostly mastery of different of grammar and practice through controlled activities, for
instance memorization of dialogues and drills.”
5. Communicative Activities “…nowadays, teachers use pair work activities, role play, group work activities and so on, in
which teachers bring the real world or the social context in the classrooms.”
6. Communicative Activities “…activities are the true communicative events and are the main focus of communicative
activities.”
7. Communicative Activities “…activity often associated with communicative language teaching in which student transfer
meaning from one form to another, such as when students select meaning from a reading or
listening text and then reproduce it in a different form.”
8. Communicative Activities “…different groups in the class may process separate but related parts of a text and then later
combine their information to reconstruct the whole through class discussion or group
interaction.”
9. Communicative Activities “doing they will draw available vocabulary, grammar, and communication strategies to
accomplish a task.”
10. Communicative Activities “…this means opportunities for positive personal relationships to develop between learners and
teacher and among learners.”

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(8) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Mohammed, R. (2015, January 10). Communicative activities. Retrieved from
https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-activities/

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Communicative Activities “…activities use real life situations to trigger communication.”
2. Communicative Activities “One of the distinctive points of communicative language teaching is the focus on communicative
activities that promote language learning.”
3. Communicative Activities “Learning is maximized when students are engaged in relevant tasks within a dynamic learning
environment instead of traditional teacher-centered classes.”

4. Communicative Activities “Real life communication is the target.”

5. Communicative Activities “Learners are trained not only to be linguistically competent but also communicatively and
sociolinguistically competent.”
6. Communicative Activities “Communicative activities are motivating. Learning is achieved while learners are having fun.”

7. Communicative Activities “The success of a communicative activity can be determined by the extent to which learners are
dependent on the teacher. Tasks should be devised in a manner that learners gain autonomy and
independence while learning.”

8. Communicative Activities “The role of the teachers is to give clear and to the point instructions and provide the appropriate
environment for learners to interact and exchange information.”

9. Communicative Activities “Communicative activities are motivating. Learners should be at ease and have fun while doing
the communicative tasks.”

10. Communicative Activities “Communicative tasks are realistic.”

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(9) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Yano, Y. (n.d.). Communicative Competence and English as an International ... Retrieved from
http://www.paaljapan.org/resources/proceedings/PAAL7/pdfs/03yasukata.pdf

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Language “…used for self-expression, verbal thinking, problem-solving, and creative writing, but it is used
essentially for communication.”
2. Language “…representation for communication with others is the fact that the capability of individuals to
interact with others through language is a unique quality and at the same time a universal human
quality.”
3. Communicative Competence “…successful language use for communication presupposes the development of communicative
competence in the users of that language, which is constrained by the socio-cultural norms of the
society where the language is used.”
4. Communicative Competence “The former is the linguistic knowledge of the idealized native speaker, an innate biological
function of the mind that allows individuals to generate the infinite set of grammatical sentences
that constitutes their language, and the latter is the actual use of language in concrete
situations.”
5. English Language “…with the globalization of human activities and societies world at large, English has spread to
become one of the most widely used languages because of the political, military, scientific and
technological, and cultural power.”
6. Communicative Competence “…knowledge of the world in general and specialized knowledge in their professional or academic
fields that are acquired through education and professional or academic development.”
7. Grammatical Competence “…the acquisition of phonological rules, morphological rules, syntactic rules, semantic rules and
lexical items. Today it is usually called linguistic competence.”
8. Sociolinguistic Competence “…learning of pragmatic aspect of various speech acts, namely, the cultural values, norms, and
other socio-cultural conventions in social contexts.”
9. Discourse Competence “…knowledge of rules regarding the cohesion (grammatical links) and coherence (appropriate
combination of communicative functions) of various types of discourse.”
10. Strategic Competence “…knowledge of verbal and nonverbal strategies to compensate for breakdowns such as self-
correction and at the same time to enhance the effectiveness of communication such as
recognizing discourse structure, activating background knowledge, contextual guessing, and
tolerating ambiguity.”

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(10) BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION: Douglas, S. R., & Kim, M. (2015). Task-Based Language Teaching and English for Academic Purposes: An
Investigation into Instructor Perceptions and Practice in the Canadian Context. TESL Canada Journal, 31, 1. doi:10.18806/tesl.v31i0.1184

TOPIC/PROBLEM RESULT/FINDING/SOLUTION
1. Task-Based Language Teaching “TBLT is an approach to language teaching that provides opportunities for students to engage in
the authentic use of the target language through tasks.”
2. Task-Based Language Teaching “…the task provides the main context and focus for learning, and it encourages language use
similar to the way language is used outside of the classroom.”
3. Task-Based Language Teaching “Students learn language and develop skills as they work toward completing the task, which
motivates them to stretch their available language resources.”
4. Task-Based Language Teaching “…beneficial because students learn language by communicating interactively while engaging in
meaningful tasks.”
5. Task-Based Language Teaching “…tasks are always activities where the target language is used by the learner for a
communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.”
6. Task-Based Language Teaching “…a role-play that includes a team of entrepreneurs arguing a case study to solve a problem is an
example of a task because it includes a goal.”
7. Task-Based Language Teaching “…a role-play in which students are given a role to practice a prescribed grammar item would not
be considered a task.”
8. Task-Based Language Teaching “A pedagogical task is a piece of classroom work that involves learners in comprehending,
manipulating, producing, or interacting in the target language … and in which the intention is to
convey meaning rather than to manipulate form.”
9. Task-Based Language Teaching “…tasks are meaning oriented.”
10. Task-Based Language Teaching “TBLT is further beneficial because, as a development of Communicative Language Teaching
(CLT), it offers a focus both on form and on communication.”

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