MBR Final Report

CSR INITIATIVE
UNDERTAKEN BY
COMPANIES
METHODS IN BUSINESS RESEARCH REPORT
By:
SHIREEN ENAM – 20490
AYESHA NASIR – 21008
HUSSEIN SHABBIR – 20620
ABDULLAH AHMED – 20513
ASAD KHAN – 20500
ALEENA BABER – 20854
/2018
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TABLE OF CONTENT
No. TITLES
1 Letter Of Acknowledgment
2 Abstract
3 Introduction
4 Research obejectives
5 Limitations
6 Research Questions
7 Literature review
8 Hypothesis
9 Research methodology
10 References
11 Result
12 Appendix
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LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
December, 2018
Miss Kausar Saeed
Institute of Business Management
Karachi
Dear Miss,
We would like to thank you for the faith you showed in our capabilities & the encouragement
you gave us when assigning this report.
We have tried our best to gather as much information as possible. All rules and regulations for
the preparation of the formal report have been taken into consideration.
If there is anything else you wish to know. We will be glad to assist.
Sincerely,
Sheerin Enam
Asad Khan
Abdullah Ahmed
Ayesha Nasir
Hussein Shabbir
Aleena Baber
3
ABSTRACT
The research has been conducted in order to figure out the meaning of Corporate Social
Responsibility in the eyes of the companies. It is their perception and interpretation of what CSR
actually is that shapes their CSR strategies and initiatives. For research, descriptive survey
approach has been implemented. It is of both qualitative and quantitative nature. Questionnaires
have been used for the survey with a sample size of 30 respondents from companies who are
involved in CSR in Karachi within duration of 3 months (Oct-Dec). Selection has been done on
the basis of convenience and distribution was done on (Google Docs). Moreover, it was
suggested that more predictive, pragmatic and empirical research methodologies should be
adopted in future.
INTRODUCTION
Corporate Social Responsibility can be understood as “the continuing commitment by businesses
to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life
of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.”
Pakistan became acquainted with CSR for the first time when issue of child labor in the football
industry (Sialkot, Pakistan) hit the international headlines (Winstanley, Clark, & Leeson, 2002;
Awan, Kamal, Rafique, & Khan, 2012). This epidemic issue gave rise to the emergence of
national and international non–governmental organizations (NGOs), specifically those NGOs
which were working towards the awareness of CSR (Securities Exchange Commission of
Pakistan [SECP], 2005). Nevertheless, academic literature related to CSR in Pakistan is scarce
despite the fact that different organizations such as Pakistan Centre for Philanthropy (PCP),
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United Nations Development
Program (UNDP), International Labor Organization (ILO), and Responsible Business Initiative
(RBI) are engulfed in CSR dynamics and in a relationship with the community.
CSR is now a mandatory department in all organizations with multiple activities taking place
throughout the year. Organizations have taken initiatives that have helped their brand reputation
to build while adding a service and contribution to the community.
The trend has grown over the years and it is a positive sign for the community as the population
and problems are on the rise as well; so the companies that earn from the people have also turned
to help the people who lack necessities and facilities.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are:
 To identify what social responsibilities means to companies of Pakistan.

 To understand the CSR initiatives undertaken by companies viewing their current
perception and interpretation of CSR.
 To analyze the priorities of CSR initiatives undertaken by companies.
 To examine and identify the strategies to apply CSR initiatives.
LIMITATIONS
A wholehearted effort will be applied to conduct the study work and to bring a reliable and
fruitful result from which proper strategy can be adopted to strengthen the CSR strategies
developed by companies and to understand on what basis they make their strategies. In spite of
best efforts there are certain limitations that act as barriers to conduct the study:
1. This study focuses on the selective companies only in Karachi city .So the findings of this
study do not reflect the overall status of companies in Pakistan.
2. The time limit puts up a barrier for the research focus and depth..
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What is the basic perception of companies towards CSR?
 What are the strategies that are identified in relation to the CSR initiatives taken place in
different companies?
 How do various companies implement CSR?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Over the years Companies have been engaged thoroughly in CSR activities, as if it has become
an integral part for their growth and it also portrays that they have been very active in playing
their part for the betterment of the society. Thus performing CSR creates a perception/image of
the firm in the eyes of the consumers (or potential customers).
CSR is a way that business can be responsible and profitable and yet CSR initiatives do not seem
to work or convince the society of businesses engagement with social responsibility. As Porter
and Kramer state, ‘first, they pit business against society, when in reality the two are
interdependent. Second, they pressure companies to think of corporate social responsibility in
generic ways instead of in the way most appropriate to their individual strategies’ (Porter &
Kramer 2006). Two years hence, the problem of integrating CSR into the business agenda and
strategy still persists despite the integration and implementation efforts on the side of the
companies and their stakeholders. Despite CSR being implemented to overcome societal hurdles;
the concept’s ambiguity raises misunderstandings. This ambiguity raises several problems, of
which two are especially significant. The first is that CSR is seen as a public relations tool, rather
than a value‐ creating process in its own right, whose goal is to assist manufacturing companies
in achieving sustainability. The second is that some companies have claimed to pursue CSR, but
in fact have only used contributions to social objectives as a mechanism for carrying on profit‐
maximizing operations. Profit is an integral part and a tangible way of evaluating a company’s
growth; however, it is not the only objective. While some corporations appear to embrace CSR in
a serious fashion, others use it as a rhetorical device confined to the domains of the PR
department and without substance.
CSR is a broad concept, so it is not surprising that there are a variety of meanings given to this
term. Mohr (1994) groups the definitions into two general types: (1) multidimensional
definitions and (2) definitions based on the concept of societal marketing. Multidimensional
definitions delineate the major responsibilities of companies. Of these, Carroll’s (1991) work has
received the most attention. He suggests that CSR includes four kinds of responsibilities or
dimensions: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. In his model, each dimension of CSR
can be examined in relation to the various stakeholders of the organization (e.g., owners,
customers, employees, the community, and the public at large). The societal marketing concept
can be used to define CSR at a more abstract level. Kotler (1991) defines the societal marketing
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concept as doing business in a way that maintains or improves both the customer’s and society’s
well-being. Petkus and Woodruff (1 992) extend this concept, defining CSR to include both
avoiding harm and doing well.
Moreover, it could also be said that CSR is impotent to the companies because companies should
provide support to the people where they can as well as help in nurturing and instilling
environment awareness in the heart of the people. (The ICCA Handbook on Corporate Social
Responsibility, 2006)
Several research study have taken place over this topic previously, as reported by Shuilli Du and
Bhattacharya (2010) that the role of CSR communication, companies can not only create positive
stakeholder attitudes and better support behaviors (e.g. purchase, seeking employment, investing
in the company), but also, over the long run, construct corporate image, reinforce stakeholder–
company relationships, and augment stakeholders' advocacy behaviors.
Sen and Bhattacharya (2001) also suggested that consumers assess the company more positively
when a CSR activity is pertinent to the company's existing goods
Furthermore if we talk about the perception of firms CSR activities, researchers like Gray &
Balmer (1998) have quoted about CSR activities influence, “The mental picture of the company
held by its audiences” which is influenced by communication messages. Also reputation builds
upon individual experiences and personality and includes a value opinion by a company’s
stakeholders.
The perception of CSR performing firms leads to Consumers willing to pay higher prices for
products as they consider those companies as moral (Creyer & Ross, 1997), and are willing to
switch brands to support corporations that make contributions to non-profit organizations, and to
purchase products from a company simply because it supports charitable causes (Smith &
Alcorn, 1991).
However it is one of the main challenges for business and academics to establish a CSR
framework that allows for the combination of profits and responsibility without neglecting the
semantic issues. Trust in corporations as well as in markets is connected with ideas. The idea that
profit orientation can be in harmony with social interests does not stand virtually unopposed in
public. (The problem with a narrow-minded interpretation of CSR: Why CSR has nothing to do
with philanthropy, Nick Lin-Hi)
HYPOTHESIS
Ho: Companies in Pakistan do not have different definitions of CSR
H1: Companies in Pakistan have different definitions of CSR
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Ho: Companies in Pakistan do not take different CSR Initiatives
H1: Companies in Pakistan take different CSR initiatives
Ho: Companies in Pakistan do not take different steps to reduce environmental impact
H1: Companies in Pakistan take different steps to reduce environmental impact
Ho: Companies in Pakistan do not take different concrete actions towards communities to
implement CSR initiatives
H1: Companies in Pakistan take different concrete actions towards communities to implement
CSR initiatives
RESEARCH DESIGN
Methodology: We will implement descriptive survey approach for this study; the research is of
qualitative and quantitative nature. This research exercises the use of content analysis and survey.
Survey is done through questionnaire. Questionnaires will be developed to collect primary data
from respective audience on the CSR activities and their effects by different companies. It has
open and closed ended questions. Multiple choice questions will be included as well. The
research also depicts some factual data and information from secondary data such as reports and
journal articles available online.. The questionnaire will be filled out by in Karachi. The
respondents will be selected on convenience basis.
Data Collection: We will distribute questionnaires to the various companies who conduct CSR
in Karachi. The distribution will be done using Google docs.
Sampling Technique: The technique used is convenience sampling.
Sample Size: 28 respondents are selected.
Nature of Study: This study is quantitative and qualitative in nature.
Time Frame: The study will be conducted within the duration of 3 months from October to
December.
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
1. A) Frequency test was run to find out the most common response
Improving the quality of life of workforce
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
yes 1 3.6 3.6 3.6

Valid no 27 96.4 96.4 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
CSR is about capacity building for sustainable livelihoods

Percent
yes 4 14.3 14.3 14.3
Valid no 24 85.7 85.7 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Donation of a certain amount of profit to charitable causes

Percent
yes 1 3.6 3.6 3.6
Valid no 27 96.4 96.4 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
9
Maximize value of wealth creation in a society through sustainable
operation of core business

Percent
yes 3 10.7 10.7 10.7
Valid no 25 89.3 89.3 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Operation of business that meets the ethical, legal and public

expectations that society has of business

Percent
yes 8 28.6 28.6 28.6
Valid no 20 71.4 71.4 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Concept where companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better

society and cleaner environment

Percent
yes 6 21.4 21.4 21.4
Valid no 22 78.6 78.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Concept where companies integrate social and environmental concerns

in their business operations

Percent
Valid yes 5 17.9 17.9 17.9
no 23 82.1 82.1 100.0
10
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Other

Percent
Valid no 28 100.0 100.0 100.0
Result
 As shown through results, the most common response given by companies was that CSR
means “Operation of business that meets the ethical, legal and public expectations
that society has of business”
 The least common responses were where CSR was defined as “Donation of a certain
amount of profit to charitable causes” and “Improving the quality of life of
workforce”
1. B) One sample T-test was performed to understand the perception of companies in regard
to CSR
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference
Lower Upper
Improving the quality of life of 55.000 27 .000 1.96429 1.8910 2.0376

workforce
CSR is about capacity 27.577 27 .000 1.85714 1.7190 1.9953
building for sustainable
livelihoods
Donation of a certain amount 55.000 27 .000 1.96429 1.8910 2.0376
of profit to charitable causes
Maximize value of wealth 31.800 27 .000 1.89286 1.7707 2.0150
creation in a society through
sustainable operation of core
business
Operation of business that 19.718 27 .000 1.71429 1.5359 1.8927
meets the ethical, legal and
public expectations that
society has of business
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Concept where companies 22.613 27 .000 1.78571 1.6237 1.9477
decide voluntarily to
contribute to a better society
and cleaner environment
Concept where companies 24.712 27 .000 1.82143 1.6702 1.9727
integrate social and
environmental concerns in
their business operations
Result
 The significance values for all variables are less than 0.05 which means that to companies
in Pakistan, CSR fits into all of the definitions provided which were:
 Improving the quality of life of the workforce
 CSR is about capacity building for sustainable livelihoods.
 Donation of a certain share of profits to charitable causes.
 Maximize the value of wealth creation to society through sustainable operation of core
business.
 Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, and public
 A concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a
cleaner environment.
 A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their
business operations.
Governance, transparency and dialogue with clients and stakeholders

Percent
moderate 6 21.4 21.4 21.4
more than moderate 14 50.0 50.0 71.4

Valid
high involvement 8 28.6 28.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
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Policy towards employees (e.g. on health and development).

Percent
less than moderate 1 3.6 3.6 3.6
moderate 4 14.3 14.3 17.9
Valid more than moderate 11 39.3 39.3 57.1
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Principles of responsible business.

Percent
moderate 3 10.7 10.7 10.7

Valid
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Partnership with the community.

Percent
moderate 3 10.7 10.7 17.9
Total 28 100.0 100.0
13
Social responsible investment.

Percent
moderate 6 21.4 21.4 28.6
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Environmental protection (e.g. on climate change and recycling).

Percent
Little involvement 2 7.1 7.1 7.1
moderate 4 14.3 14.3 28.6

Valid
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Results
 As shown by the results, the most common response for “ Governance, transparency
and dialogue with clients and stakeholders” was more than moderate
 The most common response for “Policy towards employees (e.g. on health and
development)” was high involvement
 The most common response for “Principles of responsible business” was more than
moderate
 The most common response for “Partnership with the community” was more than
moderate
 The most common response for “Social responsible investment” was more than
moderate
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 The most common response for “Environmental protection (e.g. on climate change
and recycling)” was more than moderate
2. B) One sample T-test was performed to understand how companies implement CSR
activities.
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0

Difference
Lower Upper
Governance, transparency 30.073 27 .000 4.07143 3.7936 4.3492

and dialogue with clients and
stakeholders
Policy towards employees 26.785 27 .000 4.21429 3.8915 4.5371
(e.g. on health and
development).
Principles of responsible 34.148 27 .000 4.32143 4.0618 4.5811
business.
Partnership with the 24.834 27 .000 4.10714 3.7678 4.4465
community.
Social responsible 23.538 27 .000 3.89286 3.5535 4.2322
investment.
Environmental protection 17.179 27 .000 3.78571 3.3335 4.2379
(e.g. on climate change and
recycling).
Result
The significance values of all variables tested are less than 0.05 and thus the results show that all
companies in Pakistan undertake one or more of the following CSR initiatives:
 Governance, transparency, and dialogue with clients and stakeholders.

 Policy towards employees (e.g. on health and development).
 Principles of responsible business.
 Partnership with the community.
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 Social responsible investment.
 Environmental protection (e.g. on climate change and recycling).
 Other.
16
17
Energy Saving

Percent
yes 13 46.4 46.4 46.4
Valid no 15 53.6 53.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Waste Recycling

Percent
yes 13 46.4 46.4 46.4
Valid no 15 53.6 53.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Mobility management (car pooling)

Percent
yes 11 39.3 39.3 39.3
Valid no 17 60.7 60.7 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Sustainable Packaging

Percent
yes 3 10.7 10.7 10.7
Valid no 25 89.3 89.3 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
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Development of environment friendly product

Percent
yes 7 25.0 25.0 25.0
Valid no 21 75.0 75.0 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Management of environmental system

Percent
yes 8 28.6 28.6 28.6
Valid no 20 71.4 71.4 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
use of renewable resources

Percent
yes 7 25.0 25.0 25.0
Valid no 21 75.0 75.0 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Water reduction

Percent
yes 6 21.4 21.4 21.4
Valid no 22 78.6 78.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
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Other

Percent
yes 2 7.1 7.1 7.1
Valid no 26 92.9 92.9 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Results
 As shown by the results, the most common responses were “Energy Saving” and
“Waste Recycling”
 The least common responses was “Sustainable Packaging”
3. B) One sample T-test was performed to analyze the steps the company takes to reduce
environmental impact.
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0

Difference
Lower Upper
Energy Saving 16.000 27 .000 1.53571 1.3388 1.7326

Waste Recycling 16.000 27 .000 1.53571 1.3388 1.7326
Mobility management (car 17.099 27 .000 1.60714 1.4143 1.8000
pooling)
Sustainable Packaging 31.800 27 .000 1.89286 1.7707 2.0150
Development of environment 21.000 27 .000 1.75000 1.5790 1.9210
friendly product
Management of 19.718 27 .000 1.71429 1.5359 1.8927
environmental system
use of renewable resources 21.000 27 .000 1.75000 1.5790 1.9210
Water reduction 22.613 27 .000 1.78571 1.6237 1.9477
Other 38.911 27 .000 1.92857 1.8269 2.0303
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Result
The significance values of all variables tested are less than 0.05 and which concludes that all
companies take concrete steps reducing environmental impact through one or more of the
practices:
 Energy saving
 Waste recycling
 Mobility management (carpooling, car sharing)
 Sustainable packaging
 Develop of environmental friendly product
 Management of environmental system
 Use of renewable resources
 Water reduction
Cash contributions (direct donations, social sponsorship, matching

employee donations)

Percent
yes 15 53.6 53.6 53.6
Valid no 13 46.4 46.4 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Time (employee volunteering during paid working hours, etc)

Percent
yes 9 32.1 32.1 32.1
Valid no 19 67.9 67.9 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
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In-kind (donations of product, contributions of used office equipment or
furniture, use of company premises for community events, or other
services)

Percent
yes 10 35.7 35.7 35.7
Valid no 18 64.3 64.3 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Organize conference on CSR

Percent
yes 6 21.4 21.4 21.4
Valid no 22 78.6 78.6 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Management overheads (community affairs staff salaries, running costs

& overheads, communicating the community program to relevant
audiences.)

Percent
yes 5 17.9 17.9 17.9
Valid no 23 82.1 82.1 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
Other

Percent
yes 3 10.7 10.7 10.7
Valid no 25 89.3 89.3 100.0
Total 28 100.0 100.0
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Results
 As shown by the results, the most common response was “Cash contributions (direct
donations, social sponsorship, matching employee donations)”
 The least common response was “Management overheads (community affairs staff
salaries, running costs & overheads, communicating the community program to
relevant audiences.)”
4. One sample T-test is performed to examine the strategies to implement the

CSR initiative.
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0

Difference
Lower Upper
Cash contributions (direct 15.256 27 .000 1.46429 1.2674 1.6612

donations, social
sponsorship, matching
employee donations)
Time (employee volunteering 18.676 27 .000 1.67857 1.4942 1.8630
during paid working hours,
etc)
In-kind (donations of product, 17.816 27 .000 1.64286 1.4536 1.8321
contributions of used office
equipment or furniture, use of
company premises for
community events, or other
services)
Organize conference on CSR 22.613 27 .000 1.78571 1.6237 1.9477
Management overheads 24.712 27 .000 1.82143 1.6702 1.9727
(community affairs staff
salaries, running costs &
overheads, communicating
the community program to
relevant audiences.)
Other 31.800 27 .000 1.89286 1.7707 2.0150
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Result
The significance values of all variables tested are less than 0.05 and which concludes that all
companies take the following concrete actions towards companies to implement CSR Initiatives:
 Cash contributions (direct donations, social sponsorship, matching employee donations)
 Time (employee volunteering during paid working hours, etc)
 In-kind (donations of product, contributions of used office equipment or furniture, use of
company premises for community events, or other services)
 Organize conference on CSR
 Management overheads (community affairs staff salaries, running costs & overheads,
communicating the community program to relevant audiences.)
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QUESTIONNAIRE
The students of The Institute of Business Management (IOBM) are conducting a survey on
Corporate Social Responsibility in companies. Please take 10 minutes to fill in this
questionnaire. If you would like to provide us with any additional information not covered
by the survey questions, please use the box for comments and feedback at the end of the
document.
We will keep your responses strictly confidential. The outcomes of this survey will be
presented in aggregate numbers without references to any particular company or
respondent.
Thank you for your cooperation.
1. Name of the company _____________________________
2. Name of Person ____________________________
3. Designation ______________________
4. Your company belongs to?
 Government Sector
 Semi-Government
 Private Sector
5. Which of the following best describes the industry sector your company is operating?
[Please check any that apply to your company]
 Finance, securities and insurances

 Food and consumer packaged goods
 Textiles and clothing
 Utilities, oil or gas
 Life Sciences and pharmaceutical manufacturing
 Wholesale trade
 Industrial manufacturing
 Transportation and transportation services
 Automotive
 High tech and consumer electronics
 Construction and building materials
 Education and training
 Retail
 Tourism
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 Other please specify: _____________
6. How many people work in your company?

 <10
 10-50
 51-100
 101-250
 >250
7. Does your company have offices in other countries?

 Yes
 No
If yes where? ______________
8. According to your company the definition of CSR includes one or more of the following
points
 Improving the quality of life of the workforce
 CSR is about capacity building for sustainable livelihoods.
 Donation of a certain share of profits to charitable causes.
 Maximize the value of wealth creation to society through sustainable operation of core
business.
 Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, and public
 A concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a
cleaner environment.
 A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their
business operations.
 Other _____________________________
9. Does your company have explicit CSR policies?

 Yes
 No
10. Does your company have explicit environmental policies?

 Yes
 No
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11. How integrated are the following areas of CSR in your company’s operations?
Please rate the level of your company in the scale of 0 (no involvement) to 5 (high
involvement)
Governance, transparency, and dialogue with clients

0 1 2 3 4 5
and stakeholders.
Policy towards employees (e.g. on health and
0 1 2 3 4 5
development).
Principles of responsible business. 0 1 2 3 4 5
Partnership with the community. 0 1 2 3 4 5
Social responsible investment. 0 1 2 3 4 5
Environmental protection (e.g. on climate change and

0 1 2 3 4 5
recycling).
Other. 0 1 2 3 4 5
12. What benefits does your company experience for engaging in CSR activities? (multiple
options can be selected)
 Improve public image/reputation
 Increase support from the community
 Increase customer loyalty
 Increase brand image
 Lower criticism from public
 Increase sales
 Enhance employee loyalty
 Minimize regulatory problems
 Attract quality employees
 Enhance investors’ confidence
 Improve employee morale
 Minimize restrictive regulations
 Improve market price of shares
 Others: __________________________________________________________
 No benefit
13. Which of the following problems has your company recently faced?
 Employee safety
 Child labor
 Irregular work.
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 Gender Discrimination
 Overtime
 Unfair pay.
 Other (please specify) ____________
14. Which of the following measures has your company adopted to reduce environmental
impact?
 Energy saving
 Waste recycling
 Mobility management (carpooling, car sharing)
 Sustainable packaging
 Develop of environmental friendly product
 Management of environmental system
 Use of renewable resources
 Water reduction
 Other (please specify) ______________
15. What are the concrete actions towards community that your company takes?
 Cash contributions (direct donations, social sponsorship, matching employee donations)

 Time (employee volunteering during paid working hours, etc)
 In-kind (donations of product, contributions of used office equipment or furniture, use of
company premises for community events, or other services)
 Organize conference on CSR
 Management overheads (community affairs staff salaries, running costs & overheads,
communicating the community program to relevant audiences.)
 Other (please specify) ____________
16. For greater transparency to the market in which you operate, which of the following practices
has your company set up?
 Clear information about products or services.

 Investigation about client’s customer satisfaction.
 Registration of complaint by costumer.
 Supply chain control.
 Involvement and awareness of customers and suppliers on issues of CSR.
 Code of conduct for suppliers.
 Other (please specify) ______________
17. What incentives would encourage your company to implement CSR practices?
Please circle any that apply in order of IMPORTANCE: from 1(lowest) to 5 (highest)
28
Government incentives (e.g. financial) 1 2 3 4 5
Ethical motivation of top management 1 2 3 4 5
Promote corporate image 1 2 3 4 5
Free/subsidized counseling/training on CSR practices 1 2 3 4 5
Pressure from consumer protection agency and media 1 2 3 4 5
Award schemes 1 2 3 4 5
Availability of graduates with CSR Understandings 1 2 3 4 5
Other (please specify) __________
18. Please rate the impact of the following problems to the development of initiatives in the field
of CSR in your company?
Please circle any that apply in order of IMPORTANCE: from 1(lowest) to 5 (highest)
Lack of knowledge and corporate skill 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of government support 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of human resources 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of CSR oriented graduates in the labor market 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of specific rules and legislations on CSR 1 2 3 4 5
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No business benefits expected from CSR 1 2 3 4 5
Luck of funds to cover the high implementation cost 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of employees’ motivation 1 2 3 4 5
Little impact on social and environmental business 1 2 3 4 5
Unavailability of technology 1 2 3 4 5
Lack of time 1 2 3 4 5
Other (please specify) __________
Please use the below box for any additional information you would like to provide us with.
REFERENCES
https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JSM-09-2012-0171?
mobileUi=0&journalCode=jsm
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228118694_Maximizing_Business_Returns_to_Corpor
ate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_The_Role_of_CSR_Communication
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119202110
30
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00102.x
http://www.food-
security.nl/sites/default/files/resource/queens_discussion_paper_exploration_of_csr_in_multinati
onal_companies_within_the_food_industry.pdft
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00006.x
31

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CSR INITIATIVE

 To identify what social responsibilities means to companies of Pakistan.

 How do various companies implement CSR?

H1: Companies in Pakistan have different definitions of CSR

H1: Companies in Pakistan take different CSR initiatives

H1: Companies in Pakistan take different steps to reduce environmental impact

Sampling Technique: The technique used is convenience sampling.

Sample Size: 28 respondents are selected.

Nature of Study: This study is quantitative and qualitative in nature.

Improving the quality of life of workforce

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 1 3.6 3.6 3.6

Total 28 100.0 100.0

CSR is about capacity building for sustainable livelihoods

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 4 14.3 14.3 14.3

Valid no 24 85.7 85.7 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Donation of a certain amount of profit to charitable causes

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 1 3.6 3.6 3.6

Valid no 27 96.4 96.4 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 3 10.7 10.7 10.7

Valid no 25 89.3 89.3 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Operation of business that meets the ethical, legal and public

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 8 28.6 28.6 28.6

Valid no 20 71.4 71.4 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Concept where companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

yes 6 21.4 21.4 21.4

Valid no 22 78.6 78.6 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Concept where companies integrate social and environmental concerns

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Valid yes 5 17.9 17.9 17.9

no 23 82.1 82.1 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Valid no 28 100.0 100.0 100.0

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Improving the quality of life of 55.000 27 .000 1.96429 1.8910 2.0376

Governance, transparency and dialogue with clients and stakeholders

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

moderate 6 21.4 21.4 21.4

more than moderate 14 50.0 50.0 71.4

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

less than moderate 1 3.6 3.6 3.6

moderate 4 14.3 14.3 17.9

Valid more than moderate 11 39.3 39.3 57.1

high involvement 12 42.9 42.9 100.0

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Principles of responsible business.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

moderate 3 10.7 10.7 10.7

more than moderate 13 46.4 46.4 57.1

Total 28 100.0 100.0

Partnership with the community.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative