The document summarizes several common qualitative tests used to identify different amino acid functional groups and peptides present in biological samples. It lists the name of each test, what biochemical substance or group it tests for, the reagents used in the test, and the expected positive result of the test indicated by a color change or precipitate formation. Some of the tests described include the Biuret test for peptides, the Ninhydrin test for amino groups, and specific tests for amino acid side chains like the Xanthoproteic test for tyrosine and tryptophan.
The document summarizes several common qualitative tests used to identify different amino acid functional groups and peptides present in biological samples. It lists the name of each test, what biochemical substance or group it tests for, the reagents used in the test, and the expected positive result of the test indicated by a color change or precipitate formation. Some of the tests described include the Biuret test for peptides, the Ninhydrin test for amino groups, and specific tests for amino acid side chains like the Xanthoproteic test for tyrosine and tryptophan.
The document summarizes several common qualitative tests used to identify different amino acid functional groups and peptides present in biological samples. It lists the name of each test, what biochemical substance or group it tests for, the reagents used in the test, and the expected positive result of the test indicated by a color change or precipitate formation. Some of the tests described include the Biuret test for peptides, the Ninhydrin test for amino groups, and specific tests for amino acid side chains like the Xanthoproteic test for tyrosine and tryptophan.
Biuret Test General test for the Biuret reagent, Blue-violet color presence of peptide containing: bonds Hydrated Copper sulphate Potassium hydroxide solution Potassium sodium tartrate Ninhydrin Test α-Amino group along Ninhydrin Violet complex with amino group (triketohydrindene (Ruhemann’s Purple) nitrogen atom hydrate) Xanthoproteic Test Substituted aromatic Concentrated HNO3 Yellow-orange ppt ring of Tyr, Trp (and Phenylalanine) Millon’s Test Phenolic ring of Millon’s Reagent = Old rose (Pale Red) ppt Tyrosine HgSO4 (Mercuric) in H2SO4 Hopkins-Cole Test Indole group of Glyoxilic acid (glacial Violet Tryptophan acetic acid exposed to sunlight)+ Reaction w/ H2SO4 Sakaguchi Test Guanidium group of α-naphthol (1-hydroxy Red-Orange Complex Arginine naphthalene) Nitroprusside Test SH of Cysteine Sodium Nitroprusside Red complex Fohl’s Test Test for Amides Pauly’s Test Tryptophan or PaulySulphanilic acid + Red (Azo dye) Histidine HCl