DISTINCTION TEST

Name Distinction Between Reagent Detection Remarks

3ᴼ- immidiate turbidity
Conc. HCL
Lucas Test 1ᴼ, 2ᴼ, 3ᴼ Alcohols 2ᴼ- turbidity after sometime OH Hatao Cl lagao + pani
Anhyd. AlCl3
1ᴼ- no turbidity
AgNO2 Test Haloalkane & Haloarene AgNO2 AgCl (white ppt) Cl hatao, NO 2 lagao
[Ag(NH3 ) 2 ]⁺ Aldehyde + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Ag￬
Tollen's Reagent Aldehyde & Ketone Alakaline Silver Mirror (Ag) But
medium Ketone + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → X

Aldehyde & Ketone

Fehling's Test 2Cu2+ + 4OH⁻ Red-Brown ppt (Cu2O) -
(Aromatic Aldehyde also)

Aldehyde & Ketone

CH3CO- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
Iodoform Test having minimum one CH3 NaOH + I2 Yellow ppt (CHI3)
CH3CHOH + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
group
RCOOH & Phenol
NaHCO3 Test NaHCO3 CO2 RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + CO2↑
RCOOH & Ester
Either RCHO
2,4 DNP Test Orange red
or Ketone
Double or triple bond
Bayer's Test Br2 / H2 O Decolorise C- + Br2 (Red) → -C(Br)-C(Br) (Colorless)
present in straight chain

Aliphatic and Aromatic β-napthol

Azo-Dye Test HNO2
1ᴼ Amines Orange dye (insoluble in water)