hFORMULALS, CONVERSIONS AND DATA REQUIRED TO SOLVE

GATE PROBLEMS

6. Contour interval
the difference in altitude represented by the space between two contour lines on a map

7. PERT
Te(expected time)= (O +4M + P)/6 where O=optimistic time, M= most likely time,
P=pessimistic time.
V(variance)=( (P-O)/6)^2
Project variance= sum of variances along the critical path
Standard deviation = sq root of variance

unit mass of reinforced concrete= 2400kg/m3

unit wt of reinfirced concrete= 2400 * 10(9.8)N/m3
density of steel = 7850kg/m3

8. BM and SF diagram

9. Hooks Law, Young;s Modulus, Bulk Modulus, Poisson's Ratio

10. Scale of Aerial Photograph = Focal length/ Altitude above Ground level

11. Forecasting Population

 Arithmatic method

dP/dt = Ka
P = P1 + Ka (t - t1)
P = population
t = time
Ka = arithmetic growth constant
 Geometric method
dP/dt= KgP
lnP = lnP1 + Kg (t - t1)
Kg =lnP2-lnP1/t2-t1 = ln[P2/P1]/t2-t1
P = population
t = time
 Kg = geometric growth constant
Note: lim (1+K)1/K = e = 2.718… base of the natural logarithms

K0