6/23/19

Mathematics of Symmetry Project: Mindanao Textile Design

Count – off 1 to 5
(Part I)
Each group must create and propose a textile pattern inspired from the
assigned indigenous group of Mindanao.
1 – B’laan 2 – Maranao 3 – Maguindanaon
4 – Yakan 5 – Tausug

The pattern must be presented using a 50 cm by 70 cm plyboard (may be

painted with black), 1-inch nails, and strands of yarn.

A literature must be submitted about the concept, inspiration, color and

cultural alignment.

Output and Literature rubrics will be distributed later.

Assignment Odd Man Out

Bring the following materials next session:

1 pc. Graphing paper

Ruler
Colored pencils/pens

Patterns and Isometries Isometries of the Plane

Mathematics is a study of patterns which may be numerical,
logical, or geometric. Geometric patterns are nice to look at
because of symmetry. A pattern has symmetry if there is an
isometry of the plane that preserves the pattern.
A transformation is a process which shifts points of the plane to
possibly new locations in the plane. The initial set of points is
called the pre-image and the final set of points is the image of the
transformation. There are many types of transformation, but we
will just focus on four.

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Translation Translation
A translation (or a slide) moves a shape in a given direction by sliding it up,
down, sideways, or diagonally. There are no fixed points. Every point moves by
exactly the same distance. The move is determined by a vector.

If a shape or figure is translated, the orientation

of the image is the same as the pre-image. The
image is also congruent to the pre-image.

Reflection Reflection
A reflection (or a flip) can be thought of as getting a mirror image. It has a line
of reflection or mirror line where the distance between the image and the
mirror line is the same as that between the original figure and the mirror line.
This line is unmoved by the reflection.

The line or axis of reflection may be a vertical

line, horizontal line, or any straight line.

In rotation, the image is congruent to

the pre-image but the orientation is
reversed.

Rotation Rotation
A rotation (or a turn) has a point about which the rotation is made and an
angle that says how far to rotate. The rotation is completely determined by its
center P and angle of rotation 𝜃.

The point about which the rotation is made (called the center of rotation) can
be located within the object or somewhere
outside the object. It is fixed while every
other point moves.

In rotation, the image is congruent to the

pre-image and the orientation is the same.
"#$ %
n-fold rotation is given by n = &

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Dilation Dilation
A dilation is a transformation which changes the size of an object. In this
aspect, it is different from a reflection, rotation, and translation which manage
to preserve the object.

Isometries Composite Transformations

Transformation which leave the dimensions of the objects and its image What isometric transformation(s) was(were) performed below?
unchanged are called rigid transformation, isometric transformation, or
isometries (reflection, rotation, and translation). Transformation which change Reflection followed
the dimensions of the objects when they act on it are called non-isometric by translation or
transformation (dilation). translation followed
by reflection.
The prefix iso- is Greek for ”the same” and metry or metria means ”measure”.
This composite
transformation is
called glide
reflection.

Glide Reflection Composite Transformations

If an isometry cannot be applied without lifting the plane into space, it is called
improper. Otherwise it is proper. Any proper isometry is either a translation or
a rotation while an improper isometry is either a reflection or a glide
reflection.
Isometry Proper? Determined by
Translation Yes Vector of translation
Reflection No Mirror line
Rotation Yes Center and angle of rotation
Glide Reflection No Parallel vector and axis

Chasles’ Theorem.
Every motion of the plane is one of these transformations: a translation, a
rotation, a reflection, or a glide reflection.

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Composite Transformations Project Grouping Time

Below is a multiplication table for the isometries. See your groupmates and initially plan for the your project.

Reflection Translation Rotation Glide Reflection

Translation or Translation or
Reflection Glide Reflection Glide Reflection
Rotation Rotation
Reflection or
Translation Glide Reflection Translation Rotation
Glide Reflection
Rotation or
Rotation Glide Reflection Rotation Glide Reflection
Translation
Translation or Reflection or Translation or
Glide Reflection Glide Reflection
Rotation Glide Reflection Rotation