Assignment No.

2
Pak301

Spring 2019

Assignment No. 2 Total Marks: 10+5

Due Date: 30-07-2019

Objectives:

To asses students’ knowledge of the subject and to motivate them towards conceptual
knowledge and practical application of the subject.

Qno1. What were the major issues (1947-1958) that became the reason of military
intervention in Pakistan for the first time? Justify your answer with any five
relevant points.
Answer:
1) The reasons of military interventions in politics has taken place on the basis of
vested interest of military, poverty, economic instability, weak institutions,
corruption and as well as on the basis of low political cultural. According to
Samuel Huntington, the sources of military interventions in politics have not only
the keen interest of the military itself, but it is also the result of weak political
institutions and low political culture of the developing countries. 94 These kinds’
of flaws have been provided the opportunities to military for the coups of state.
2) The perception of military interventions in politics has laid down on the basis of
two types of factors which has need to explain the participation of military in the
politics of developing countries. The first way of military interventions in the
politics is the military professionalism and second approach of military
interventions in the politics is the socio political matter. These two kinds of
features are the main sources of military involvement in the politics of Pakistan
which has always overthrows the civilian government.
3) Another cause of military intervention was that Pakistan has no industry and the
standard of living was very low. The other resources are also very poor in the
major areas, like natural income and industrial transportation. The poor economic
condition of the country is a result of long and short term reasons.
4) In order to deal with the threats Pakistan military can perform actions better for
the country The role of military in the affairs of internal security matter is most
important. Military is the only institution in the country that defends the country
from the internal threats. The military institutions are responsible for the safety of
state and watching the country from different angles. The constitution of Pakistan
clearly explained the job of military and described the basic function of the army
to protect the country from the enemies and to take the control of civilian
government if they are not properly functioning and danger for the security of
state.97 The constitution of Pakistan is not allowed the military to take part in the
politics of country, but unfortunately military overthrow the civilian government.
 Only in the alarming situation if occurred in the country like, natural disasters
such as flood, food crisis, and other calamity in the country. In these victims,
military is responsible to take over the control of country and take part in such
types of calamities.
5) The lack of independent election commission in Pakistan was remained the major
cause of military interventions in Pakistan. The election commission of Pakistan
is not hold the independent elections uptill now. It is worth mentioned that after
the existence of Pakistan and self governing system, Pakistan has remained under
the influence of turmoil practice. The powerful election commission and self
governing system in country is the symbol of free, fair and multiparty chains
election. In principally the election commission has mostly doing the job of
publicity in favour of the ruling party.
Qno2. How did the Bogra formula help to accomplish the task of constitution making in
Pakistan? Justify your answer with any five relevant points.
Answer:
1) The report framework proposed the establishment of more
effective bicameral parliament that would be composed of National Assembly and
the Senate with equal representation from then-five provinces: Punjab, Khyber–
Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Sindh, and Bengal.[43] A total of 300 seats were to be
reserved for the National Assembly on the basis of proportionate representation
and 50 for the Senate that would be equal representation for all the five provinces
of the country.
2)The Bogra formulae was highly popular and widely welcomed by the people as
opposed to the Basic Principles Committee led by Prime Minister Nazimuddin as it was
seen as great enthusiasm amongst the masses as they considered it as a plan that could
bridge the gulf between the two wings of Pakistan and would act as a source of unity for
the country.
3) The Bogra framework also addresses the check and balance to avoid the permanent
domination by any five provinces where a provision was made that if the President was
elected from the four provinces then the Prime Minister was to be elected from East
Bengal, and vice versa. The President was to be elected for a term of 5 years from the
indirect elections by the Electoral College formed by both houses: National
Assembly and the Senate.
4) Under this framework, the larger number of constituencies were given to Bengal which
had 165 reserved seats in contrast to Punjab which had 75, Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa, which
had 24, Sindh which had 19, and Balochistan which had 17 reserved seats. Tribal
areas, Karachi metropolitan area, Bahawalpur, Khairpur, Baluchistan States Union, were
combined as 24 reserved seats.
5) In order to prevent permanent domination by any wing, a provision was made that if
the head of the state was from West Pakistan, the Prime Minister was to be from East
Pakistan, and vice versa. The two houses of the Legislative Assembly formed the
Electoral College for the presidential elections and the President was to be elected for a
term of 5 years. In place of the Board of Ulema, the Supreme Court was given the power
to decide if a law was in accordance with the basic teachings of the Holy Quran and
Sunnah or not.