Fayoum University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

CE 402: Part A
Shallow Foundation Design
Lecture No. (6): Eccentric Footing

Dr.: Youssef Gomaa Youssef

 Eccentric Footing
Eccentric footing: A spread or wall footing that also must
resist a moment in addition to the axial column load.
A

e < A/6
Eccentric Loads or Moments

P  PD.L  PL.L A

e M
(P  Wf )

e < A/6
 Eccentric Footing
Combined axial and bending stresses increase the pressure on one
edge or corner of a footing. We assume again a linear distribution
based on a constant relationship to settling.
If the pressure combination is in tension, this effectively means the
contact is gone between soil and footing and the pressure is really
zero.
To avoid zero pressure, the eccentricity must stay within the kern. The
maximum pressure must not exceed the net allowable soil pressure.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 The kern
To avoid zero pressure, the
eccentricity must stay within
the kern.

A/3

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Eccentric Loads or Moments Cases

e <A/6 e =A/6 e >A/6

Case (a) Case (b) Case (c)

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Eccentric Loads or Moments
For case A and B (not case C)
P 6e P 6e
qmin  (1  ) qmax  (1  )
A* B A A* B A

For case c
C

2* P
qmax 
3* C * B
3C  0.75 A
e >A/6
qmax  1.20qa
Case (c)
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Footing Subjected to Double Moment

P eA eB
q (1  6  6 )
A* B A B

For contact pressure to remain (+) ve everywhere,

6eA 6eB
  1.0
A B

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Eccentric Footing
• Plain concrete footing (P.C.) PG.S

M H
1.50 PG.S G.S
Area  A * B 
qa
Assume A  Area t1 Df
PF.L

M F .L  M  H * D f t

M F .L
PF .L  1.15 * PG.s e qmin
PF .L
A A1
Check e qmax
A
6
PF .L 6e
qmax  qa  (1  ) B
A* B A
Assume thickness of P.C.: Dim. of P.C. = A * B * t
t = (0.25 to 0.50)
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Design of Spread Footing
• Reinforced concrete footing (R.C.)
X  (0.8  1.0)t
A1  A  2X B1  B  2X
a
M1
e1  PG.S
PG .S
G.S
P 6e
f1, 2  G.S (1  1 )
A1 * B2 A1

A a 2 A a 2 2 t1
M I  f3 ( 1 ) / 2  ( f1  f 3 )( 1 ) *
2 2 3
f f B b 2 f2
M II  ( 1 2 ) * ( 1 ) f3
2 2 f1

M A1
d C t1  d  cover
b * Fcu Dim. of R.C. = A1 * B1* t1
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Design of Spread Footing

• Shear Stress: PG.S

( f1  f 4 ) A1  a a
Qs ( II )  *(  d) G.S
2 2
(II)
d
( f  f ) B b
Qs ( III )  1 2 *( 1  d)
2 2 t1

Qs
qs   q su f2
b *d f4
f1
(II)
f cu
q su  0.75 A1
c

If qs > qsu , Increase d

Qs: shear force at critical sec. (II).
Notes:
qs: shear stress.
•No shear RFT in Footing.
qsu: ultimate shear strength.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Spread Footing
PG.S

• Punching Stress: a

G.S

( f1  f 2 )
Q p  1.50 PG.S  [(a  d ) * (b  d )]
2
t1

A p  d *2*(a  d )  (b  d ) f2

f1 A1

Qp
qp  d/2 a d/2
Ap
d/2
qcup  0.5  (a / b ) f cu /  c  f cu /  c b
d/2

If qp > qcup , Increase d

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Spread Footing

• Footing Reinforcement:
MI
As1 
a

fy *d * j
G.S
M II
As 2  Main RFT
As2
fy *d * j
t1 Main RFT
As1

A1
Notes:
•Minimum number of bars per meter is five.
•Minimum diameter for main RFT is 12mm.
•Number of bars may be taken 5 to 8.
•Diameter of bars may be selected from 12 to 18mm.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Eccentric Footing

• Example(1):

Make a complete design for a footing supporting a 30cm X 60cm

column load of 120t at ground surface (G.S.), 20m.t moment
and 10t horizontal force at G.S. The foundation level is 2.00 m
below G.S. and the net allowable bearing capacity is 0.80kg/cm2.
Make the design considering the following two cases:
1- with plain concrete base
2- without Plain concrete base

a = 0.60m. B= 0.30m fcu = 250kg/cm2.

pG.S = 120t M=20m.t H=10t fy =3600kg/cm2
qa = 0.80kg/cm2 = 8t/m2.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Eccentric Footing

• Plain concrete footing (P.C.) PG.S

M H=10
1.50 * PG.S 1.50 *120
Area  A * B    22.5m 2 G.S
qa 8

Assume A  Area  4.75  5.00m t1 2.00

PF.L

M F .L  20  10 * 2.00  40m.t t

PF .L  1.15 * PG.s  1.15 *120  138t qmin

M F .L 40 A 5 A1
e   0.290 e   0.833 qmax
A
PF .L 138 6 6
138 6 * 0.290
qmax  (1  )8 B  4.65m
5* B 5.00
Assume thickness of P.C.: Dim. of P.C. = 5.00* 4.65 * 0.30
t = 0.30
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Design of Eccentric Footing
• Reinforced concrete footing (R.C.)
X  t  0.30m

A1  A  2 X  5.00  2 * 0.30  4.40m

0.60
B1  B  2 X  4.65  2 * 0.30  4.05m
PG.S
M 1 20  10 *1.70
e1    0.308m
PG.S 120 G.S

1.50 *120 6 * 0.308

f1, 2  (1  )  14.34  5.85 1.90
4.40 * 4.05 4.40
t1
4.4  0.60 2 4.4  0.6 2 2
M I  10.67( ) / 2  (14.34  10.67)( ) *  47.36
2 2 3
14.34  5.85 4.05  0.30 2 F2=5.85
M II  ( )*( )  35.33
2 2 F1=14.34 F3=10.67
5
47.36 *10
d 5  68.8  70cm A1=4.40
100 * 250
t1  70  5  75cm Dim. of R.C. = 4.40 * 4.05* 0.75
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Design of Spread Footing

• Shear Stress: PG.S

(11.84  5.85) 0.60
f 4  5.85  * (1.90  0.60  0.6)  11.84
4.40
G.S
(14.34  11.84) (II)
Qs ( II )  * (1.90  0.70)  15.71 d 1.90
2
t1
(14.34  5.85) 4.05  0.3
Qs ( III )  *(  0.70)  11.86
2 2 f2=5.85
15.71*1000 f4=11.84
qs   2.24kg / cm 2  9.68 f1=14.34
100 * 70 (II)
A1=4.40

If qs > qsu , Increase d

Qs: shear force at critical sec. (II).
Notes:
qs: shear stress.
•No shear RFT in Footing.
qsu: ultimate shear strength.
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design
 Design of Spread Footing
PG.S

• Punching Stress: a

G.S

(14.34  5.85)
Q p  1.50 *120  [(0.60  0.70) * (0.30  0.70)]  166.88
2
t1

Ap  0.70 * 2 *[(0.60  0.70)  (0.30  .70)]  3.22

f2

f1 A1
Qp 166.88 *1000
qp  qp   5.18 d/2 a d/2
Ap 3.22 *104

qcup  0.5  (a / b ) f cu /  c  f cu /  c d/2

b
d/2

If qp > qcup , Increase d

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Design of Spread Footing

• Footing Reinforcement:
0.60
47.36 *105
As1   22.75
3600 * 70 * 0.826

G.S
5
35.33 *10
As 2   16.97 Main RFT
3600 * 70 * 0.826 618/m’
0.75 Main RFT
818/m’

4.40
Notes:
•Minimum number of bars per meter is five.
•Minimum diameter for main RFT is 12mm.
•Number of bars may be taken 5 to 8.
•Diameter of bars may be selected from 12 to 18mm.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Crane Footing

Maximum stress on soil should be less than allowable bearing capacity

f max  qa

The ratio between maximum and minimum stresses should be less

than four f max f max (1  6e / A)
4  4
f min f min (1  6e / A)

A  10e

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

 Uniform Stress
below Footing Subjected to Moment

Uniform stress required that the eccentricity at foundation level equal

zero
M F .L
e  0.0 e  0.0 e
a/2
c
PG.s. PG.S

M
G.S
A a
c e A
2 2 PF.L

A qa
1.15PG.S
A* B  B
qa

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design