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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

Working Title:

CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND MATHEMATICAL SELF-EFFICACY

OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
ANALYSIS THROUGH CONCRETE-PICTORIAL-ABSTRACT APPROACH
(CPA)

JOSEPH D. REYES, LPT, MAEd

October 2019
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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
Rationale
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

In relation to this, at Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School, the present

garde 11 students of the researcher got a 65.25 mean percentage score in mathematics for

school year 2015-2016, grade sevel level, while 69.19 mean percentage score in

mathematics in the school year 2016 – 2017, grade 8 level. During their grade nine level,

they got a 69.07 mean percentage score in mathematics in the school year 2017-2018, and

on their tenth grade, they achieved 68.05 mean percentage score in mathematics.

Through gap analysis the researcher formulated following reasons: poor study

habit, low self-esteem, negative feelings in math, lack of interest due to the subject

boredom, fear to fail, lack of exposure and self-confidence, and incompetence. Therefore,

in order to solve this scenario, the present study desires to explore the use of visual

representation that incorporates concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) approach in teaching

correlation and regression analysis.

Through this study, students who have difficulties with Mathematics can benefit

significantly from lessons that includes multiple models of concepts at different

cognitive levels. Mathematics educations have recognized a substantial body of research

showing that the optimal presentation sequence for new mathematical content is

concrete-pictorial-abstract. The instruction approach is similar and originally based on

the work of Jerome Bruner (Bruner, 1960). Student’s learning starts out with visual,

tangible, and kinesthetic experiences to establish basic understanding and then students

are able extend their knowledge through pictorial representations and then finally
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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

Research Questions

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract

Sequence Instruction in correlation and regression analysis among the selected grade 11

students of Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School for the school year 2019-2020.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age; and

b. Sex?

2. What is the final grade of the respondents in mathematics 10?

3. What is the level of self-efficacy of the respondents before the experimentation?

4. What is the pre-test result of the respondents?

5. Is there a significant difference between the pre-test results of the respondents as

to their profile in terms of:

a. Age; and

b. Sex?

6. Is there a significant relationship between the pre-test result of the respondents as

to their final grades in mathematics 10?

7. Is there a significant relationship between the respondents’ pre-test result as to

their level of self-efficacy before experimentation?

8. What is the post-test result of the respondents?

9. What is the level of self-efficacy of the respondents after the experimentation?

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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

10. Is there a significant difference between the post-test result of the respondents as

to their profile in terms of:

a. Age; and

b. Sex?

11. Is there a significant relationship between the post-test result of the respondents as

to their final grades in mathematics 10?

12. Is there a significant relationship between the respondents’ post-test result as to

their level of self-efficacy after experimentation?

13. How may the concrete-pictorial –abstract approach in teaching logic benefits

students?

Hypotheses

1. There is a significant difference between the pre-test results of the respondents as

to their profile in terms of:

a. Age; and

b. Sex.

2. There is a significant relationship between the pre-test result of the respondents as

to their final grades in mathematics 10.

3. There is a significant relationship between the respondents’ pre-test result as to

their level of self-efficacy before experimentation.

4. There is a significant difference between the post-test result of the respondents as

to their profile in terms of:

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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

a. Age; and

b. Sex.

5. There is a significant relationship between the post-test result of the respondents

as to their final grades in mathematics 10.

6. There is a significant relationship between the respondents’ post-test result as to

their level of self-efficacy after experimentation.

Significance and Purpose of the Study

The importance of the study lies in the possibility that the findings of the research

may help the following in the improvement of mathematics instructions specifically

correlation and regression analysis.

May educators believe that identifying the real cause of student’s poor

performance may give them a clear understanding of their students and can make a plan

of action to the improvement of the academic performance of the respondents.

Administrators. This study may help the administrators to determine the

effectiveness of Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract Sequence of Instruction in the field of

mathematics as on its affect to the academic competencies of the respondents and gain

insights on how they could be of help in dealing with this problem.

Teachers. This may help them in teaching mathematics on how to deal with the

different lesson presented using different kinds of manipulatives so that teaching and

learning process will be attainable and measurable.

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Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School

Sta. Maria, Sta. Ana, Pampanga

Students. This study may help the students enjoyed the subject of mathematics

and may help them to become aware about the usefulness of logic in actualization.

Future Researchers. To the future researchers who want to have a further study

about the use of concrete-pictorial-abstract sequence of instruction, this study may serve

as a related study and think an intervention to dope the results from the problem.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will be limited to the effectiveness of Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract

Sequence Instruction in correlation and regression analysis among the selected grade 11

students of Telesforo and Natividad Alfonso High School for the School Year 2019-

2020. The coverage of the study is to determine the effectiveness of this approach to the

teaching and learning process from the lessons in correlation and regression analysis.

Grade 11 K to 12 teaching and learning guides and statistics and probability

textbooks served as the researchers’ guide in planning lessons. Furthermore, he will be

used it as his guide in developing pre and post-tests.

The analysis and evaluation of the CPA approach and the students’ level of

achievement on the concept of logic will be considered as the process of the study.

Gathering information on related literatures connected to the study will be done to

analyze and evaluate the CPA approach. Likewise, pre and post tests will be used to

analyze and evaluate students’ level of achievement on these concepts.