LI-FI (LIGHT FIDELITY)

THE
FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
IN
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Presented by:- Jinal K. Dhobi

M.E.(E.C)
120410704001
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PRESENT SCENARIO IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
Wi-Fi – IEEE 802.11n
Speed up to 150mbps
Bluetooth
Speed up to 3mbps
IrDA
Speed up to 4mbps
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ISSUES WITH WI-FI USING
RADIO WAVES
 Capacity
Several Ten’s of Mbps
 Efficiency
Maximum 1.2((bits/s)/Hz per site)
 Health Issues & Security
Radio Waves Injurious To Health
The Radio Wave Penetrate Through The Walls
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ALTERNATIVES TO RADIO WAVES
IN EM SPECTRUM
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WHO CAN REPLACE

RADIO WAVES FOR
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION ?
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LI-FI
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INTRODUCTION OF LI-FI
Li-Fi is a VLC, visible light communication, technology
developed by a team of scientists including Dr Gordon
Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr. Mustafa Afgani at the
University of Edinburgh.
Li-Fi is now part of the Visible Light Communications
(VLC) PAN IEEE 802.15.7 standard.“Li-Fi is typically
implemented using white LED light bulbs.
Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi. That is, it
uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information.
And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use
transreceiver-fitted LED lamps.
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CONSTRUCTION OF LI-FI

Power supply
Light sources
Photo detector
Signal processing unit or controller
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HOW LI-FI WORKS?

Its working is much simply explained as follows:

If the LED is on, The digital 1 is transmitted

And if it is off, The digital 0 is transmitted
It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate
at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different
strings of 1s and 0s.
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11 Continue…..
Further enhancements can be made in this method, like
using array of LEDs for parallel data transmission, or
using mixtures of Red, Green and Blue LEDs to alter the
light’s frequency with each frequency encoding a different
data channel.
Such advancement promise a theoretical speed of 10Gbps
–meaning you can download full high-definition film in
just 30seconds.
This method of using rapid pulses of light to transmit
information wirelessly is technically referred to as visible
light communication and it can compete conventional
Wi-Fi.
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EFFICIENCY
 Blazing fast data rate and depleting bandwidth worldwide are not
the only reason that give this technology an upper band
 Since LI-FI uses just the light, it can be used safely in aircraft and
hospitals that are prone to interference from radio waves.
 This can even work underwater where WI-FI fails completely
thereby throwing open endless opportunities for military operation.
 Light is inherently safe and can be used in place where radio
frequency communication is often deemed problematic, Such as in
aircraft cabins or hospitals.
 The visible light spectrum is unused, it’s not regulated, and can be
used for communication at very high speeds.
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LI-FI ENVIRONMENT
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BENEFITS OF LIGHT WAVES

 CAPACITY

Light is a readily available form of energy and it covers

the major portion of the EM Spectrum.

Visible light Spectrum is 10000times more compared to

radio waves spectrum.
15  AVAILABILTY

Light is readily available in every part of the world

these makes it easy for people in airplanes to work on the

internet.

there are an estimated 14billion light sources on the earth

and each can be easily converted into a LI-FI hotspot
16  SECURITY

Unlike Radio Waves, light Waves can not penetrate

through out opaque objects thus providing plenty of
network privacy.

No other person can share a network unless the owner has

permitted them to use it.

The sources can be used as normal lights when there is no

use for a hotspot.
17  ECONOMIC

The tariff rates can be very cheap as light waves are a

cheap resource.

There can be transparency in spectrum allocations due to

it’s cheapness.
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ADVANTAGES
 SUPERIORITY OVER RF WAVES
The visible light has considerable edge over RF waves in many
fields.
 LITTLE INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
There are an estimated 14 billion bulbs in the world today. Since
Li-Fi can operate on conventional LEDs infrastructure is pretty
much present already.
 SIMPLE SYSTEM STRUCTURE
A typical Li-Fi system consists of an LED array, a photoreciever , a
de/modulator pair.
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DISADVANTAGES

The biggest disadvantage is that it needs direct line of

sight to transmit data, so one wouldn't be able to have a
single router in his/her house and the data does not goes
through walls etc..
 APPLICATIONS OF LI-FI
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SMART LIGHTING
Any private or public lighting including street lamps can
be used to provide Li-Fi

INDOOR POSITIONING
Transmission of a unique ID is all that is required for
basic positioning. Multiple LED light bulbs can be used
with trilateration for more accurate indoor positioning
and navigation.
21 MOBILE CONNECTIVITY
Laptops, smart phones, tablets and other mobile devices
can interconnect directly using VLC. Short range links
give very high data rates and also provides security via
the visible pairing method.

HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS
VLC provides a safe alternative to electromagnetic
interference from RF communications in environments
such as mines and petrochemical plants.
22 VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION
LED headlights and tail-lights are being introduced.
Street lamps, signage and traffic signals are also moving
to LED. This can be used for vehicle-to-vehicle and
vehicle-to-roadside communications. This can be applied
for road safety and traffic management.

HOSPITAL & HEALTHCARE

VLC emits no electromagnetic interference and so does
not interfere with medical instruments, nor is it interfered
with by MRI scanners.
23 UNDERWATER COMMUNICATIONS
Due to strong signal absorption in water, RF use is
impractical. Acoustic waves have extremely low
bandwidth and disturb marine life. VLC provides a
solution for short-range communications.

RF AVOIDANCE
Some people claim they are hypersensitive to radio
frequencies and are looking for an alternative. VLC is a
good solution to this problem.
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THE FUTURE IS VERY BRIGHT

In the next decade this technology can be made available

every where.

Places where optical fiber are difficult to reached using this

technology.

Every light sources on earth can be hotspot making

technology very much available to every person on earth.
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CONCLUSION
 The possibilities are numerous can be explode further. If this technology
can be put into practical use, every light sources can be used something
like a Wi-Fi hotspot to transmit wireless data end we will proceed toward
the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future.
 The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not
least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-
based wireless. As a growing number of people and their many devices
access wireless internet, the airwaves are becoming increasingly clogged,
making it more and more difficult to get a reliable high-speed signal.
 This may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth
and also allow internet where traditional radio based wireless isn’t allowed
such as aircraft or hospital. One of the shortcomings however is that it
only work in direct line of sight.
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REFERENCES
[1] Megha Goyal, Dimple Saproo, Asha Bhagashra, “New Epoch of
Wireless Communication: Light Fidelity,” International Journal of
Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue 2, April 2013
[2] Jyoti Rani, Prerna Chauhan, Ritika Tripathi “Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)-
The future technology In Wireless communication,” International
Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7
No.11 (2012).
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi.
[4] http://www.lificonsortium.org
[5] seminarprojects.com/s/seminar-report-o-Li-Fi.
[6] http://blog.ted.com/
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