Introduction

The Principles and Concept

Applications MODULE 1

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 1
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Digital Transmission
 It is the transmittal of digital pulses between two
or more points in a communication system.

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ECE 441- Digital Communication
 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 1
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Digital Radio
 It is the transmittal of digitally modulated
analog carriers between two or more points in
a communications system

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ECE 441- Digital Communication
 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 1
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Multiplexing
 The process of simultaneously transmitting two
or more individual signals over a single
communication channel

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ECE 441- Digital Communication
 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 1
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Shift Registers
 Converts parallel to serial and serial to parallel

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ECE 441- Digital Communication
 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Information Theory
 Is a highly theoretical study of the efficient use
of bandwidth to propagate information
through electronic communications systems.

 Information Capacity
 Is a measure of how much information can be
propagated through a communications system
and is a function of bandwidth and transmission
time.

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Information Capacity
The number of independent symbols that can be
carried through a system in a given unit of time.
Express as a bit rate (bps)
bps (bits per second)

 Binary Digit or Bit

The most basic digital symbol used to represent
information.

Engr. Vice N. Mendoza ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Hartley’s Law
 States that information capacity is directly
proportional to bandwidth and transmission
time of the system.
 
Mathematically:

B = Bandwidth (Hz)
I = Information Capacity (bits per second)
T = Transmission Time (Seconds)

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2

RALPH HARTLEY
In 1928, He developed a
useful relationship among
bandwidth, transmission
time, and information
capacity in Bell
Telephone Laboratories

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Shannon - Hartley’s Theorem

 States that information capacity is proportional

to the bandwidth of the system and the
number of possible states per symbol
 
Mathematically:
Unit: B/s
M = no. of combinations
B = Bandwidth

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2

Claude E. Shannon
1948, mathematician
(also of Bell Telephone
Laboratories) published a
paper in the Bell System
Technical Journal relating
the information capacity
of a communications
channel to bandwidth
and signal-to-noise ratio.

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 M – ary

 Represents a digit that corresponds to the

number of combinations to the number of
conditions.
 
Mathematically:

N = Number of bits necessary

M = number of conditions

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

⑴ A binary digital signal is to be transmitted at 10

kbits/s. What absolute minimum bandwidth is
required to pass the fastest information change
undistorted?
A. 2.5 kHz
B. 5 kHz
C. 4.5 kHz
D. 10 kHz

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Shannon’s Limit for Information Capacity

(Signal Capacity)
 States that information capacity is a function of
bandwidth and signal – to – noise ratio of the
system

Mathematically:
 

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

 Channel Capacity
 

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

⑵ What is the signal capacity for signal power of

200 W, noise power of 10 W and a bandwidth of
2 kHz of a digital system

A. 9.887 kbps
B. 8.799 kbps
C. 7.889 kbps
D. 6.889 kbps

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

(3) What is the bandwidth needed to support a

capacity of 20,000 bps using Shannon’s Theory,
when the ratio of power to noise is 200?

A. 2994 Hz
B. 2605 Hz
C. 8695 Hz
D. 1000 Hz

ECE 441- Digital Communication

 Introduction
The Principles and Concept
Applications MODULE 2
BAUD AND MINIMUM BANDWIDTH

Engr. Vice N. Mendoza ECE 441- Digital Communication