Antonio, Erwin Gie R.

Student No.: 2018000941

Subject/Section: History of Architecture / Section 101
September 10, 2019
M. Ticao

 Discuss major influences to the study of History of Architecture (Geography,

Geology, History, Political, Social, and Religion)
Ans: Well, in terms of Geography, according to srcibd.com they become influencers
because of they’re the lay of the land. They do determine and analyze the land and what
Architectural Style suits for it. Geography is not all about some mountains, rivers, and
maps. Different culture, people, and the society about the natural environment surround
it. In terms of Geology, back then the most accessible or available materials was stones.
There is a massive abundance of high quality white marbles specifically in Paros and
Naxos and pottery clays was found throughout near Athens. Added to that, the clarity and
brightness in the landscape in Greece influence the structure of marbled temples and
they discovered that in Athens, the forest conceives of limestone. Greek Architects
preferred to rely on post and lintel techniques. In terms of History, I’ve found out that
many years or B. C.’s ago the History of Architecture was simply just a form of mounds
and formation of rocks forming and visualizing the concept of how people looked or
portraying the Human
imitation of Sun and
the moon. According
to Craven, Jackie
(2019), Long before
the magnificent
structures of ancient
Greece and Rome,
humans were
designing and
constructing. The
period known as
the Classical
Era grew from ideas
and construction
techniques that
evolved centuries and eons apart in distant locations. This review illustrates how each
new movement builds on the one before. Although our timeline lists dates related mostly
to American architecture, historic periods do not start and stop at precise points on a map
or a calendar. Periods and styles flow together, sometimes merging contradictory ideas,
sometimes inventing new approaches, and often re-awakening and re-inventing older
movements.
So according to P. G. Joanna (2013) this is the The Historical Timeline of Architecture
with different B. C. It starts with the Pre- Historic Times (11,600 B. C. to 3,500 B. C.)
where the first discovery that has some Architectural traits is the Stonehenge in
Amusbery, United Kingdom. According to J. Craven (2019), Archaeologists "dig"
prehistory. Göbekli Tepe in present day Turkey is a good example of archaeological
architecture. Before recorded history, humans constructed earthen mounds, stone circles,
megaliths, and structures that often puzzle modern-day archaeologists. Prehistoric
architecture includes monumental structures such as Stonehenge, cliff dwellings in the
Americas, and thatch and mud structures lost to time.
Next is the Ancient Egypt (3,050 B. C. to 900 B. C.) the structure named “The
Pyramid of Khafre in Giza, Egypt. The pyramid form was a marvel of engineering that
allowed ancient Egyptians to build enormous structures. The development of the pyramid
form allowed Egyptians to build enormous tombs for their kings. The sloping walls could
reach great heights because their weight was supported by the wide pyramid base. An
innovative Egyptian named Imhotep is said to have designed one of the earliest of the
massive stone monuments, the Step Pyramid of Djoser (2,667 B.C. to 2,648 B.C.).
In B. C. 850 to A. D. 476, Classical Times was born, Classical architecture refers
to the style and design of buildings in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Classical
architecture shaped our approach to building in Western colonies around the world.
Although we combine this architectural era and call it "Classical," historians have
described these three Classical periods: The Greek (700 to 323 B. C.), The Hellenistic
(323 to 146 B. C., and The Roman (44 B. C. to 476 A. D.). Next is the Byzatine (527 to
565). The Church of Hagia Eirene in the first courtyard of the Topaki Palace, Turkey is a
combination of Western and Eastern traditions. It was costumed to be a central dome
that eventually rose to new heights by using engineering practices refined in the Middle
East. In times 800 to 1200, Romanesque began to notice. It is known for its Architectural
structure with rounded arches emerged. Churches and castles of the early medieval
period were constructed with thick walls and heavy piers.
Next is the Gothic (1100 to 1450) were for me this is one of the known
Architectural Style. According to research early in the 12th century, new ways of building
meant that cathedrals and other large buildings could soar to new heights. Gothic
architecture became characterized by the elements that supported taller, more graceful
architecture — innovations such as pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaulting.
In addition, elaborate stained glass could take the place of walls that no longer were used
to support high ceilings. Gargoyles and other sculpting enabled practical and decorative
functions. Gothic architecture began mainly in France where builders began to adapt the
earlier Romanesque style. Builders were also influenced by the pointed arches and
elaborate stonework of Moorish architecture in Spain. One of the earliest Gothic buildings
was the ambulatory of the abbey of St. Denis in France, built between 1140 and 1144.
Renaissance (1400 to 1600) also known as “age of awakening” because during
the Renaissance era architects and builders were inspired by the carefully proportioned
buildings of ancient Greece and Rome. Italian Renaissance master Andrea Palladio
helped awaken a passion for classical architecture when he designed beautiful, highly
symmetrical villas such as Villa Rotonda near Venice, Italy. More than 1,500 years after
the Roman architect Vitruvius wrote his important book, the Renaissance architect
Giacomo da Vignola outlined Vitruvius's ideas. In B. C. 1600 to 1830 Baroque
Architecture was release. Early in the 1600s, an elaborate new architectural style
lavished buildings. What became known as Baroque was characterized by complex
shapes, extravagant ornaments, opulent paintings, and bold contrasts. Until the late
1900s began to known which is the Modernist Style, Post Modernist (1972), and Neo-
Modernisism and Parametricism (1997) to Present.

REFERENCES
https://www.thoughtco.com/architecture­timeline­historic­periods­styles­175996
http://www.visual­arts­cork.com/architecture­history.htm
https://www.slideshare.net/joannaPG/history­of­arch
https://prezi.com/kfnxd0ib7vcq/how­does­geography­influence­architecture/
https://www.scribd.com/doc/296671898/6­Influences­of­Architecture
https://prezi.com/lxjnh7ih0izb/geology­and­its­influence­on­architecture/