Theory of Architecture 02

Architecture
Timeline – Western
Influences on
Building Design

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

PREHISTORIC TIMES
11,600 BC TO 3,500 BC

Archaeologists "dig" prehistory. Göbekli Tepe in present

day Turkey is a good example of archaeological architecture. Before
recorded history, humans constructed earthen mounds, stone circles,
megaliths, and structures that often puzzle modern-day archaeologists.
Prehistoric architecture includes monumental structures such as
Stonehenge, cliff dwellings in the Americas, and thatch and mud
structures lost to time.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

1
 STONEHENGE
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

EARTHEN MOUNDS
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

2
ANCIENT EGYPT
3,050 BC TO 900 BC

In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids,

temples, and shrines. Far from primitive, enormous structures such as
the Pyramids of Giza were feats of engineering capable of reaching
great heights.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

PYRAMID OF EGYPT
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

3
CLASSICAL
850 BC TO 476 AD

From the rise of ancient Greece until the fall of the Roman empire,
great buildings were constructed according to precise rules. The
Classical Orders, which defined column styles and entablature designs,
continue to influence building design in modern times.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

GREEK PARTHEON
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

4
BYZANTINE
527 TO 565 AD

After Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium

(now called Istanbul) in 330 AD, Roman architecture evolved into a
graceful, classically-inspired style that used brick instead of stone,
domed roofs, elaborate mosaics, and classical forms. Emperor
Justinian (527 AD to 565 AD) led the way.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

CHURCH OF HAGIA EIRENE

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

5
ROMANESQUE
800 TO 1200 AD

As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky Romanesque

architecture with rounded arches emerged. Churches and castles of the
early Medieval period were constructed with thick walls and heavy
piers.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

BASILICA OF ST. SERNIN

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

6
GOTHIC
1100 TO 1450 AD

Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and

other innovations led to taller, more graceful architecture. Gothic ideas
gave rise to magnificent cathedrals like Chartres and Notre Dame.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE CHARTES

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

7
RENAISSANCE
1400 TO 1600 AD

A return to classical ideas ushered an "age of awakening" in Italy,

France, and England. Andrea Palladio and other builders looked the
classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome. Long after the
Renaissance era ended, architects in the Western world found
inspiration in the beautifully proportioned architecture of the period.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

VILLA ALMERICO-CAPRA
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

8
BAROQUE
1600 TO 1830 AD

In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in opulent and dramatic churches

with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation. In France, the
highly ornamented Baroque style combines with Classical restraint.
Russian aristocrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and
incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St. Petersburg. Elements
of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

PALACE OF VERSAILES
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

9
ROCOCO
1650 TO 1790 AD

During the last phase of the Baroque period, builders constructed

graceful white buildings with sweeping curves. These
Rococo buildings are elegantly decorated with scrolls, vines, shell-
shapes, and delicate geometric patterns.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

PUSHKIN CATHERINE PALACE

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

10
NEOCLASSICISM
1730 TO 1925 AD

A keen interest in ideas of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio

inspired a return of classical shapes in Europe, Great Britain and the
United States. These buildings were proportioned according to the
classical orders with details borrowed from ancient Greece and Rome.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

U.S. CAPITOL
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

11
ART NOUVEAU
1890 TO 1914 AD

Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was first expressed in fabrics
and graphic design. The style spread to architecture and furniture in the
1890s. Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches
and decorative surfaces with curved, plant-like designs.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

HOTEL LUTETIA - PARIS

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

12
BEAUX ARTS
1895 TO 1925 AD

Also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or

Classical Revival, Beaux Arts architecture is characterized by order,
symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

THE PARIS OPERA

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

13
NEO-GOTHIC
1905 TO 1930 AD

In the early twentieth century, Gothic ideas were applied to modern

buildings. Gargoyles, arched windows, and other medieval details
ornamented soaring skyscrapers in this Gothic Revival style.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

CHICAGO TRIBUNE TOWER

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

14
ART DECO
1925 TO 1937 AD

Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create dramatic effect on jazz-age, Art
Deco buildings. Interestingly, many Art Deco motifs were inspired by
the architecture of ancient Egypt.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

CHICAGO TRIBUNE TOWER

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

15
MODERNIST STYLES
1900 TO PRESENT

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen dramatic changes and
astonishing diversity. Modernist styles have come and gone - and
continue to evolve. Modern day trends include Art Moderne and the
Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius, Deconstructivism,
Formalism, Brutalism, and Structuralism.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

DE LA WARR PAVILION
Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

16
POSTMODERNISM
1972 TO PRESENT

A reaction against the Modernist approaches gave rise to new buildings

that re-invented historical details and familiar motifs. Look closely at
these architectural movements and you are likely to find ideas that date
back to classical and ancient times.

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

CELEBRATION PALACE - FLORIDA

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

17
NEO-MODERNISM AND PARAMETRICISM
21ST CENTURY

The name for computer-driven design is up for grabs. Perhaps it began

with Frank Gehry's sculpted designs or maybe others who
experimented with Binary Large Objects

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTRE

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

18
 FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES ONLY
Credits to the original owner of
photos used and no copyright
infringement intended

Ref: Architecture Timeline - Western Influences on Building Design, The Evolution of Classical Style Architecture, by Jackie Craven, 2018

19