History and theory of architecture 2

THE Reflection and contribution of Medieval Architecture on International

Architecture , contemporary and Modern Style

Done By :Aseel Hussien

Number : 1800703065
S.V: DR.Safa al husban
introduction Architectural style is a set of

Presenting the history of the modern movement in features and features that enable us

architecture requires covering the architecture of the past to easily identify any building. It

within the framework of the first signs of its may include materials for

contemporary events construction work or even

Architectural developments until the end of the second construction. The history of the

half of the eighteenth century can be extrapolated architectural style shows us design

through form, design theories, and design trends trends that change according to

As patterns varied according to time and place beliefs, ideologies, and technologies

However, all of them were distinguished by highlighting .available in each era

the constant relationship of architecture to society, which Some of the old styles and building styles  

are still present and prominent today. We

appeared in a coherent style that abounds after the mid-
can see them all over the world, whether
.eighteenth century
in buildings, mosques, museums and art

.galleries
Medieval Architecture Medieval architecture Byzantine architecture
characteristics
the architecture of structures in The geometric proportions of
Byzantine buildings were more
Most of the architectural structures during .complex than their predecessors
medieval Europe was
these times were highly characterized by the The Romans primarily used stones to
predominantly related to the
decorate public structures but bricks
use of piers instead of columns. Generally, and plaster were added in the
building of sacred building such as
.succeeding era
medieval builders preferred round arches at
churches, which was the primary
Coloured glass mosaics, classical
this time. However, this would occasionally orders, alabaster sheets on windows,
structure signifying Christian
marble walls, vaults and large domes
vary from time to time, where they used supported by heavy piers and square
faith. The most prevalent layouts
bases were popular components of
.slightly pointed arches instead Byzantine architecture
during the medieval period

depicting classic medieval

architecture is the Latin Cross in

the West and the central-plan

.church in the East

Romanesque architecture Gothic Architecture

Components of the Gothic Style

Romanesque architecture refers to the use of semi- Pointed Arches and not circular ones as in Greek and Roman )1 
.Cultures
circular arches in the construction of buildings and Ribbed Vaults )2

structures done by the first pan-European architect Flying Buttresses )3

Rose and Stained Glass windows )4
.in the European countries Piers for structural stability )5
Axiality )6
Symmetry )7
Structural based architecture, a purely structural style )8
Lightness versus darkness )9
Vertical perception of Space )10
Huge and scal )11

Gothic style medieval architecture

characteristics included stained-

glass windows, the use of flying

buttresses, tall spires, gargoyles,

turrets and arches that were

.pointed instead of being round

 Classical architecture .Neo-classical architecture

Classical architecture is inspired by ancient architectural styles,

Neo-classical architecture. This style
such as Greek and Roman architectural style. After the collapse of
attempts to recreate some of the styles used
the Roman Empire, architecture witnessed the birth of new styles
.in ancient Greek and Roman architecture
and styles while reshaping and redefining old styles. The styles of
In the middle of the eighteenth century
the classical architectural style differ greatly, but most depend on
Neo-classical architecture has many major
.the use of decorative elements and building construction
features that distinguish it from other

models, as it usually uses simple geometric

One of the oldest and simplest buildings based on classical
.figures, columns, and empty walls
architecture is the temple, a rectangular structure surrounded by

columns
 Islamic architecture
Victorian architectura
Islamic architecture, born in the seventh century, is

inspired by many architectural styles such as Roman, The Victorian architectural style emerged in the mid and late

Byzantine, Chinese, and even Indian. Islamic architecture nineteenth century, and this architectural style relies on

was used to design many amazing and unforgettable reviving old historical styles and introducing new design

buildings, such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. patterns inspired by architectural styles in the Middle East

Islamic architectural style includes four main types of .and Asia

.designs: mosques, graves, palaces, and fortresses

Houses built in the Victorian architectural style are usually

Islamic-style buildings are easy to recognize, because they narrow, tall and asymmetric in shape, as they include stairs

usually include stunning arches, towers, and tile designs. and towers and their façades boast decorations

The Islamic architectural style is also characterized by the

.use of indoor gardens

Modern architecture first Contemporary architecture

Modern architecture first appeared in the first half of the twentieth Contemporary architecture is known as the

century, and this architectural style relies on the use of the latest architecture of the twenty-first century. Architects

available technologies such as glass, steel, and reinforced concrete. employ various architectural styles in construction,

The modern architectural style is an explicit rejection of all rather than relying on only one style. The goal of

previous models and styles of construction, especially the Neo- contemporary architectural style is to design buildings

.Classical style that defy expectations by their surprising and

.expressive nature

Modern architecture usually relies on simple engineering shapes,

and is also based on enhancing the construction site and function of Contemporary architecture uses large windows and

.the architectural structure curved lines, and is environmentally friendly in design

.and construction materials

A noticeable change has occurred in the language of architecture, as the emergence of new

materials and new ideas in the use of these materials had a role in the emergence of a new

architectural thought representing the new movement that employed the stores of cultural

.and urban heritage of the past ages

The industry has had an important role in drawing the lines of modern industrial

civilization, on which the term modern movement was used

The architect William Morris emphasized in his definition of the concept of

:architecture

Architecture is that art that is concerned with the development of human "

needs by realizing the totality of external factors that surround it and which

".cannot be ignored because they represent civilization

 How Medieval Architecture Affected Modern
Architecture Around the World
Some examples of buildings were influenced by the medieval style

Mosques Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation

Mosques are famous in the world for the dome and In Amman, Luweibdeh 2012

minaret, which This church belongs to Roman Catholicism  

dates back to the Byzantines and the Ottomans Contains many drawings, frescoes and distinctive

sculptures

Al-Fateh Mosque in Bahrain 1987 .The floor plan is a rectangle (basilica)

The giant mosque dome is made entirely of fiberglass, and

is the largest dome made of fiberglass in the world. The

floors of the mosque are in Italian marble

 How Medieval Architecture Affected Modern
Architecture Around the World
Some examples of buildings were influenced by the medieval style

In Paris

Using contracts, domes, and interior

decorations

Grecian and Gothic style

Montmartre church in Paris for the architect Bodett The National Library of Paris by the Architect La Proust

1904 1875
How Medieval Architecture Affected Modern
Architecture Around the World

In Italy

The architect Filippo Brunelleschi performed

The construction of the Gothic Florence dome cathedral
begins
He also used the architectural contracts that he drew
from the Romans
1436

in Moscow
Skyscrapers' buildings and baptized buildings were
affected by Romanesque architecture (octagonal towers
ending with
)a sharp beacon
1925
 in Washington in New York
In Berlin

Affection in the Parthenon Influence in Roman architecture

Atlas Museum of Architectural
Building (columns and (the dome)
sculptures) 1913
Carl Schinkel
1932 Wall Worth Building by
Administrative building for Architect Gass Gilbert
1828
Architect York
The use of Corinthian columns
 Conclusion
Architectural style has been reflecting
the ideologies of society in the past
centuries, has now become an artistic
and expressive medium. Each of the
major cities of the world also boasts a set
of their own architectural styles that give
a different impression than other cities
Modernist architecture dominated most of the buildings
of the twentieth century. Although modern architecture
relies heavily on geometrical figures and asymmetric
designs, it largely rejects drilling patterns and promotes
simplicity. Modernity engineering is linked to the
practical trend in design and a great welcome for
creativity and innovation. Besides modern architecture,
the term modern architecture refers to future
.architecture and structural architecture
The factors that combine these methods in architectural
design are the reliability of engineering shapes, the lack
of drilling patterns, large windows and open spaces, and
the reliance on construction on steel or reinforced
concrete
most people search for excellence, including architects.
Real estate developers are now turning to hiring
engineers who know they can implement unique
designs. As a result, we are seeing many strange
buildings
The needs of the individual changed,
which led to the emergence of a new
architecture style that differs from the
old style
References
The Book of Modern Architectural Movements, *
Sherine Sherzad
The book of architecture between conservation *
and renewal, Sherine Sherzad
,History of Modern Architecture *
Leonardo Benevolo  
Early Medieval Architecture as Bearer of Meaning*
By Gunter Bandmann