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Chemistry Data Booklet: Diploma Programme
Chemistry Data Booklet: Diploma Programme
International Baccalaureate
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4019a
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Contents
Notes
This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (SLP1 and HLP1), but the periodic table
given on page 3 will be available as part of these examination papers. Clean copies of this booklet
must be made available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (SLP2, SLP3, HLP2 and HLP3).
Ea
ln k = – + ln A c=f λ
RT
PV = nRT ∆G Ö = ∆H Ö − T ∆S Ö
q=mcΔT E=hf
V I B G Y O R
400 700
wavelength / nm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 2
1 H Atomic number He
1.01 4.00
Element
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Relative atomic mass
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.92 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 69.74 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.91 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 98.91 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30
55 56 57 † 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.98 210 209.99 222.02
87 88 89 ‡ 104 105 106 107 108 109
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
223.02 226.03 227.03 260 262.11 266.12 264.12 269.13 268.13
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
454 1551
Element 2573 3925 63 55 53 25
Li Be Boiling point / K B C N O F Ne
1615 3243 2823 5100 77 90 85 27
336 1112 1814 1933 2163 2130 1517 1808 1768 1728 1356 693 303 1210 1090 490 266 116
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
1033 1757 3104 3560 3653 2943 2235 3023 3143 3003 2840 1180 2676 3103 886 958 332 121
312 1042 1795 2125 2740 2883 2445 2583 2239 1827 1235 594 429 505 904 723 387 161
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
959 1657 3611 4650 5015 5833 5150 4173 4000 3243 2485 1038 2353 2543 2023 1263 457 166
302 998 1194 2500 3269 3683 3453 2973 2683 2045 1337 234 577 601 544 527 575 202
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
942 1913 3730 4875 5700 5933 5900 5570 4403 4100 3353 630 1730 2013 1833 1235 610 211
496 –53 738 578 –42 789 –134 1012 –72 1000 –200 1251 –349 1521
+640
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.2
419 –48 590 –2 631 –18 658 –8 650 –51 653 –64 717 759 –15 758 –64 737 –112 746 –119 906 579 –41 762 –119 947 –79 941 –195 1140 –325 1351
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
0.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.0
403 47 550 –5 616 -30 660 –41 664 –86 685 –72 702 –53 711 –101 720 –110 805 –54 731 –126 868 558 –29 709 –107 834 –101 869 –190 1008 –295 1170
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.7
376 –46 503 –14 538 –45 680 761 –31 770 –79 760 –14 840 –106 880 –151 870 – 205 890 –223 1007 589 –19 716 –35 703 –91 812 –183 –270 1037
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
42 (4+)
98 (1+) 65 (2+) 45 (3+) 271 (4–) 212 (3–) 190 (2–) 181 (1–)
231 197 160 146 131 125 129 126 125 124 128 133 141 122 121 117 114
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
90 (2+) 80 (2+) 76 (2+) 74 (2+) 96 (1+) 53 (4+)
133 (1+) 94 (2+) 81 (3+) 68 (4+) 88 (2+) 63 (3+) 60 (4+) 64 (3+) 63 (3+) 72 (2+) 69 (2+) 74 (2+) 62 (3+) 272 (4–) 222 (3–) 202 (2–) 196 (1–)
244 215 180 157 141 136 135 133 134 138 144 149 166 162 141 137 133
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
72 (3+) 65 (4+) 68 (3+) 67 (3+) 86 (2+) 112 (2+)
148 (1+) 110 (2+) 93 (3+) 80 (4+) 64 (5+) 68 (4+) 37 (7+) 62 (4+) 60 (4+) 62 (4+) 126 (1+) 97 (2+) 81 (3+) 71 (4+) 245 (3–) 222 (2–) 219 (1–)
262 217 188 157 143 137 137 134 135 138 144 152 171 175 170 140 140
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Chemistry data booklet
64 (5+) 66 (4+) 63 (4+) 63 (4+) 68 (3+) 80 (2+) 137 (1+) 127 (1+) 150 (1+) 120 (2+) 120 (3+) 94 (4+)
167 (1+) 134 (2+) 115 (3+) 76 (4+) 72 (6+) 42 (6+) 38 (7+) 39 (8+) 63 (4+) 63 (4+) 85 (3+) 110 (2+) 93 (3+) 84 (4+) 76 (5+) 67 (6+) 62 (7+)
270 220 188
Fr Ra Ac
180 (1+) 148 (2+) 112 (3+)
Chemistry data booklet
Si–O 0.161
* (–0.4)
9
Chemistry data booklet
Experimental values
The data in these two tables are experimental values obtained by means of a suitable Born–Haber
cycle.
Alkali Ö
∆H lattice / kJ mol–1
metal
halides F Cl Br I
Other Ö
∆H lattice / kJ mol–1
Ö
∆H lattice / kJ mol–1
Other substances
substances
CaF2 2651 CuCl2 2824
BeCl2 3033 AgF 974
MgCl2 2540 AgCl 918
CaCl2 2271 AgBr 905
SrCl2 2170 AgI 892
BaCl2 2069
MgO 3791
CaO 3401
SrO 3223
BaO 3054
Theoretical values
These two tables contain lattice enthalpies calculated from electrostatic principles on the basis of
a purely ionic model for the crystal.
Ö
Alkali metal ∆H lattice / kJ mol –1
halides
F Cl Br I
Other Ö
∆H lattice / kJ mol–1 Ö
∆H lattice / kJ mol–1
Other substances
substances
CaF2 2640 AgF 953
MgO 3795 AgCl 910
CaO 3414 AgBr 897
SrO 3217 AgI 881
BaO 3029
Carboxylic acids
Name Formula pKa
Phenols
Name Formula pKa
Alcohols
Name Formula pKa
Amines
Name Formula pKb
Acid Alkali
methyl orange 3.46 3.2–4.4 red yellow
bromophenol blue 4.10 3.0–4.6 yellow blue
bromocresol green 4.90 3.8–5.4 yellow blue
methyl red 5.00 4.8–6.0 red yellow
bromothymol blue 7.30 6.0–7.6 yellow blue
phenol red 8.00 6.6–8.0 yellow red
phenolphthalein 9.50 8.2–10.0 colourless pink
O
C 2.2–2.7
R CH2
CH3 2.5–3.5
C C H 1.8–3.1
CH2 Hal 3.5–4.4
R O CH 2 3.3–3.7
O
C 3.8–4.1
R O CH2
O
C 9.0–13.0
R O H
R O H 4.0–12.0
HC CH2 4.5–6.0
OH 4.0–12.0
H 6.9–9.0
O
C 9.4–10.0
R H
H 2N CH COOH
arginine Arg CH2 CH 2 CH2 NH C NH 2 10.8
NH
H 2N CH COOH
asparagine Asn CH 2 C NH 2 5.4
O
H 2N CH COOH
aspartic acid Asp 2.8
CH 2 COOH
H 2N CH COOH
cysteine Cys 5.1
CH2 SH
H2N CH COOH
glutamic acid Glu 3.2
CH 2 CH2 COOH
H 2N CH COOH
glutamine Gln CH2 CH 2 C NH2 5.7
O
CH 2
H 2N CH COOH
isoleucine Ile H3C CH CH 2 CH3 6.0
H 2N CH COOH
H2N CH COOH
pH of isoelectric
Common name Symbol Structural formula
point
H 2N CH COOH
methionine Met
CH2 CH 2 S CH3
5.7
H 2N CH COOH
H 2N CH COOH
CH2 CH 2 S CH3
CH2
phenylalanine Phe 5.5
COOH
H 2N CH COOH
serine Ser 5.7
CH 2 OH
H 2N CH COOH
threonine Thr 5.6
H 3C CH OH
H 2N CH COOH
CH2
tryptophan Trp 5.9
N
H
H 2N CH COOH
CH2
OH
H 2N CH COOH
valine Val 6.0
H 3C CH CH 3
O OH CH3
C H 2C C CH3
OH
H
O
C N O
H 3C O H C
H 3C C COOH
CH 3
H
OH OH O CH3
H2 H2 H2 C
C CH 2 C CH 2 C CH 2
H 3C N H 3C N H 3C N O
O O O
O
CH 3 C
OH O O CH3
CH2 NH 2 OH H O CH 3
CH
HO CH N H3C N
CH3 CH2 CH 3 N
HO O N N
CH3
R H H 3C
N O
C S N
N CH 3
O
CH3 N CH 3
N O Cl N
C O
HO
penicillin
nicotine diazepam (Valium®)
(general structure)
H O
O
N N
N N
H
N H 2N N N
O 2N
H indole
CH 2
O
CH2
H 2C
nitrazepam (Mogadon®) OH
acyclovir
O O CH 3
H 3C
H 3C N
O O CH 2
N NH
H 3C
N CH 2 C
CH 3
O
F 3C
CH2 _
O CH 2 NH2+ Cl
CH3
CH 3 O
OH N O
NH
O O
CH2 CH 2
H 3C O CH2 CH2 CH3
CH 3 thalidomide
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
H H 3CO CH 2 NH 2 Cl NH3
H 3C CH 3 CH2 Pt
O
_ N+ H Cl NH3
O P O CH 2 CH2 H 3CO
OCH 3 cisplatin
N
mescaline
H
psilocybin
20 Chemistry data booklet
Chemistry data booklet
lactose sucrose
CH 3 CH3 CH3 O
CH C CH C CH2
CH OH
CH CH CH OH O
CH 3
CH 3 HO HC OH
CH 2
retinol (vitamin A) HO
H3C H CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 H3C H CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
C CH2 CH C CH2 CH
CH 3 CH 3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH
HO HC
CH 2
cholesterol
HO
vitamin D
CH 3 OH H 3C CH 3 OH
O
CH 3 C
CH 3
CH 3
HO O
O
OH H I
HO CH N I O
CH2 CH 3 NH 2
C OH
HO HO I CH 2 H C
I O
NH2 O NH2
C N H C N C
N C N C N CH
CH CH
HC C C C C CH
N N H2N N N O N
H H H
O O
H C H C CH 3
N CH N C
C CH C CH
O N O N
H H
uracil thymine
R R
OH OH
O O HO O+
R R
O glucose O glucose
OH OH
Carotenes
H3C
CH3 CH3
H 3C CH3
CH C CH C CH CH CH CH CH
CH CH CH CH CH C CH C CH
H 3C CH 3
CH3 CH 3
CH3
α-carotene
H 3C
CH3 CH 3
H 3C CH 3
CH C CH C CH CH CH CH CH
CH CH CH CH CH C CH C CH
H3C CH3
CH 3 CH3
CH3
β-carotene
Porphyrins
OH HO CH 2
O O
HC R
CH 2 H 2C R=CH3 (Chlorophyll a)
H 2C CH 2 H 3C CH 2 R=CHO (Chlorophyll b)
N N CH 3
H 3C CH3 HC Mg CH
N N
N N
HC Fe CH H 3C CH3
H 2C N N H
H2C H
C CH 3
H CH 2 H C O
H 3C CH O C O O
H2C O CH 3
C20H39
heme B chlorophyll
Preservatives
OH OH CH 3 CH3 OH CH3
CH3 H 3C CH 3
C C C
H 3C CH 3
CH3 CH3
C
CH 3
O CH3 O CH 3
CH3 CH3
Fatty acids
23. References
The data in tables 4–16 can be found in the following three sources.
Lide, DR. 2008. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, USA. CRC Press.
Copyright 2008 by CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. David R Lide. Reproduced by
permission from Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, a division of Informa plc.
NVON. 2007. Binas. English Edition. Groningen, The Netherlands. Wolters–Noordhoff.
Royal Society of Chemistry. 2002. Royal Society of Chemistry Electronic Data Book CD-Rom.
London, UK. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.
For tables 17 and 18, in addition to the sources above, the data were informed by the following.
Aylward, G and Findlay, T. 2002. SI Chemical Data. 5th Edition. Queensland, Australia. John
Wiley & Sons.
Clugston, M and Flemming, R. 2000. Advanced Chemistry. Oxford, UK. Oxford University
Press.
Morrison, RT and Boyd, RN. 1987. Organic Chemistry. 5th Edition. Boston, Massachusetts,
USA. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.