Chemistry Revision

SECTION A
Attempt any three questions in this section.
1. (a) What is meant by the term isotope. (01 mark)
(b) Describe the main steps involved in the operation of a mass

spectrometer. (09 marks)
(c) The table below shows the information from a mass spectrum of a lead
sample
Isotope 204 206 207 208
Detector current (mA) 0.16 2.72 2.5 5.92
Calculate
(i) The relative abundance of the different isotopes of lead in this sample. (02mks)
(ii) The relative atomic mass of lead. (03 marks)
(d) State two advantages of using a mass spectrometer over any other
method of determining R.A.M (02 marks)
(e) The initial count of a radioactive nucleus was 680 per second. After
350seconds, the count rate was 125 per second. Calculate the
(i) decay constant. (01⅟2 marks)
(ii) half-life of the nucleus. (01⅟2 marks)
Page 2 of 6
KIBUGO
2. Complete the following equations and write the accepted mechanism for
each of the reactions.
Excess H𝐵𝑟(g)
(a) CH3 CH2 C ≡ CH → (04 marks)
CH2 CH2 Br
NaOH(aq)
(b) → (02 marks)
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
350 ℃
(c) CH3 CH2 OH + Conc. H3 PO4 → (04 marks)
CH = CH2
CCl4
(d) + 𝐵𝑟2 → (03 marks)
Excess Cl2 /u.v light

(e) CH3CH3 (4 marks)
CH2 CH2 Br
KOH/Ethanol
(f) → (03 marks)
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
3. (a) . The atomic numbers and melting points of some elements in period 3
of the period 3 of the periodic table are shown below.
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Melting point (oc) 98 650 660 1423 44 120 -11
i) Plot a graph of melting point against atomic number. (03 marks)

ii) Explain the shape of the graph. (05 marks)
b). Describe how the elements react with water (12 marks)
Page 3 of 6
KIBUGO
4. (a) (i) What is meant by the term colligative property. (01 mark)
(ii) State any four colligative properties. (02 marks)
(iii) State two limitations of any colligative property. (01 mark)
(b) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the relative

molecular mass of a compound Q by the method of elevation of boiling point
of a liquid. (08 marks)
(c) Explain why the method you have described is not suitable for
determining the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid in aqueous solution.
(03 marks)
(d) A solution of 2.8g of cadmium iodide (𝐶𝑑𝐼2) in 20g of water boiled at
100.2ºC at normal pressure. Calculate the relative molecular mass of
cadmium iodide and comment in your result.
(Kb for water is 0.52ºCmol-1 kg-1 , 𝐶𝑑 = 112; 𝐼 = 127) (05 marks)
SECTION B
Attempt any two questions in this section.
5. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be

synthesised. Indicate the condition(s) for the reaction(s).
CH2CH2Br
(𝑎) CHCH3
to OH (03 marks)
(b) Calcium carbide to ethane-1,2-diol (04 marks)
(c) Ethanol to benzene (04⅟2 marks)
Page 4 of 6
KIBUGO
(d) Ethene to but-1-yne (04⅟2 marks)
(e) CH3Br to CH3COOH (03marks)
6. (a). Data for thermo-energy changes for some processes are shown in the
table below.
Energy process kJmol-1
Atomisation energy of calcium = +178
Ionisation energy of calcium = +590
Second ionisation energy of calcium = +1146
Heat of formation of calcium fluoride = -1220
Electron affinity of fluorine = -328
Bond dissociation energy of fluorine = +242.7
Use the above information and construct an energy level diagram for the
heat of formation of calcium fluoride. (05 marks)
(b) (i) Calculate the lattice energy of calcium fluoride crystal. (02 marks)
(ii) Determine the enthalpy of solution of calcium fluoride.
(Enthalpy of hydration of calcium and fluoride ions are -1587 and -515kJmol-1
respectively) (03 marks)
(c) (i) Define the term enthalpy of solution. (01 mark)

(ii) Using sodium chloride, draw a Born Haber cycle to show how lattice
energy, hydration and enthalpy of solution are related. (03 marks)
(d) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the enthalpy of
solution of sodium chloride. (06 marks)
Page 5 of 6
KIBUGO
7. (a) (i) Write the formula and name of any ore of aluminium (01 mk).
(ii) Describe how pure aluminium can be obtained from the ore
you have named above. (Illustrate your answer with equations
where necessary) (10 marks)
(b) State what would be observed and in each case write the
equation(s) for the reactions between
(i) Hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution and
aluminium powder. (03 marks)
(ii) Sodium carbonate solution and aluminium sulphate
solution (03 marks)
(iii) Magnesium powder in aluminium nitrate solution
Sodium hydroxide solution added to aluminium chloride
solution dropwise until in excess. (03 marks)
8. Explain the following observations
(a) Hexane boils at 680c whereas 2- methylpentane boils at 60.30c yet

the two compounds have the same molecular mass. (04 marks)
(b) propan-1-ol is a liquid whereas propene is a gas both at room

temperature. (04 marks)
(c) Pure water boils at 1000c but when sodium chloride is dissolved in this
water, it boils at a slightly higher temperature. (04 marks)
(d) The atomic radius of sodium atom is 0.156nm while the ionic radius of
sodium ion is 0.095nm. (04 marks)
(e) The first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of

aluminium. (04 marks)
END
Page 6 of 6
KIBUGO
Scanned by CamScanner
P525/2
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
July/August 2018
21/2 hours
WAKISSHA JOINT MOCK EXAMINATIONS
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
CHEMISTRY
(Principal Subject)
Paper 2
2 hours 30 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES;
• Answer five questions including three questions from section A and any two
questions from section B.
• Write the answers in the answer booklet/sheets provided.
• Begin each question on a fresh page.
• Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.
• Non programmable, silent scientific electronic calculators may be used.
• Illustrate your answers with equations where applicable.
• Where necessary use (C = 12, O = 16, H = 1, N = 14, IF = 96500C)
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 Turn 1Over

SECTION A
Answer three questions from this section.
1. (a) Phenolphthalein can be used as an acid- base indicator.

(i) What is meant by the term acid- base indicator? (01mark)
(ii) Describe briefly how phenolphthalein works as an acid- base indicator.
(06marks)
(iii) The indicator constant, Ki for phenolphthalein is 5.012 x 10 moldm-3.
-10
Determine the approximate pH working range for phenolphthalein.

(02marks)
3
(b) 25cm of 0.12M ethanoic acid was pipetted into a clean conical flask and 2-3
drops of phenolphthalein indicator added and the mixture titrated with 0.2M
sodium hydroxide solution until the equivalence point had reached, when 15cm3
of sodium hydroxide had been used.
(i) What is meant by the term equivalence point? (01mark)
(ii) State the colour change at equivalence point. (01mark)
(iii) Calculate the pH of the mixture at equivalence point. (05marks)
(Ka for ethanoic acid = 1.75 x 10-5moldm-3 and Kw for water = 1.0 x10-14 mol2dm-6)
(c) Sketch a graph of pH against volume of sodium hydroxide for the titration
in (b) and explain the shape of the graph. (04marks)
2. Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead are elements of Group(IV) of the Periodic
Table.
(a) (i) Write the outer most electronic configuration of Group(IV) elements.
(01mark)
(ii) State the oxidation states of Group(IV) elements. (01mark)
(iii) State how the stability of the oxidation states vary down the group.
(02marks)
(b) Describe the reactions of the elements with
(i) water (06marks)
(ii) concentrated sulphuric acid. (06marks)
(c) Write equations for the reactions between
(i) silicon (IV)oxide and hot concentrated hydrofluoric acid. (1½marks)
(ii) trileadtetraoxide and warm dilute nitric acid. (1½marks)
(iii) tin(II) chloride solution and iron(III) sulphate solution. (1½marks)
3. (a) A gaseous alkene Y diffuses 0.57735 times faster than nitrogen gas.
Determine the molecular formula of Y. (03marks)
(b) On ozonolysis followed by hydrolysis, Y produced propanal and propanone
as the major organic products. Identify Y. (01mark)
(c) Write the equation and suggest a mechanism for the reaction between
(i) Y and benzene in the presence of an acid. (04marks)
(ii) Y and bromine water. (04marks)
(iii) propanal and phenyl hydrazine in acidic medium. (04marks)
(d) Using equations only show how Y can be synthesized from propyne. (04marks)
© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 2

4. (a) (i) Define the term lattice energy. (01mark)
(ii) State two factors that affect lattice energy. (01mark)
(b) Thermo dynamic data for aluminium, fluorine and aluminium fluoride are given
below.
The standard enthalpy of formation of aluminium fluoride = -1301kJmol-1
The standard enthalpy atomization of aluminium = + 314kJmol-1
The standard enthalpy bond dissociation of fluorine = +158kJmol-1
First ionization energy of aluminium = +577kJmol-1
Second ionization energy of aluminium = +1820kJmol-1
Third ionization energy of aluminium = +2740kJmol-1
First electron affinity of fluorine = - 348kJmol-1
(i) Draw an energy level diagram for formation of aluminium fluoride.
(4½marks)
(ii) Use the diagram you have drawn to determine the lattice energy of
aluminium fluoride. (03marks)
(iii) Given that the hydration energies of aluminium ions and fluoride ions are –
4690 and -364kJmol-1 respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of
aluminium fluoride and comment on the solubility of aluminium fluoride in
water. (4½marks)
(c) The electrode potentials of aluminium and zinc are shown below.
Al3+(aq) + 3e Al(s) 𝐸 𝜃 = −1.66𝑉
Zn2+(aq) + 2e Zn(s) 𝐸 𝜃 = −0.76𝑉
The two half cells are combined to form a cell
(i) Write the overall cell reaction (1½marks)
(ii) Calculate the emf of the cell (1½marks)
(iii) Calculate the standard free energy for the cell. (02marks)
(iv) State whether the cell is feasible or not. Give a reason for your answer.
(01marks)
SECTION B
Answer two questions from this section.
5. (a) Name a reagent that can be used to distinguish between the following
pairs of organic compounds and in each case state what would be observed and
write equation for the reaction if any when the reagent is treated with each
compound in the pair.
(i) CH3CHO and CH3CH2CHO (04marks)
CH3
(ii) ─OH and ─OH (04marks)
O O
║ ║
(iii) 𝐻 − 𝐶 − 𝑂𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶 − 𝑂𝐻 (04marks)
(iv) ─𝑁(𝐶𝐻3 )2 and ─𝑁𝐻𝐶𝐻3 (04marks)
(b) Using equations only show how phenylethanoate can be synthesized from
benzene. (04marks)
Turn Over
6. (a) 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol can be prepared by reacting phenol
with dilute nitric acid.
(i) write equation for the reaction. (01mark)
(ii) Which of the two products has a higher melting point.
Explain your answer. (06marks)
(b) 2-nitrophenol and 4- nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.
(i) What is meant by steam distillation? (01marks)
(ii) With aid of a labeled diagram , describe how a mixture of
2- nitrophenol and 4- nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.
(06marks)
(c) When 50g of a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4- nitrophenol was steam distilled at
97oC and 750mmHg , a distillate was found to have a mass of 35g. The vapour
pressure of water at 97oC is 654mmHg. Determine the percentage by mass of
4-nitrophenol in the mixture. (04marks)
(d) State two advantages of steam distillation over fractional distillation. (02mark)
7. Explain each of the following observations
(a) Ethene reacts with bromine to form 1,2- dibromoethane. But when the reaction is
carried out in the presence of sodium chloride solution, 1- bromo- 2- chloroethane
is formed. (05marks)
(b) The solution of 0.1M hydrochloric acid has a pH of 1 whereas that of 0.1M
hydrofluoric acid is 3.8. (04marks)
(c) When cold concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to lead (IV) oxide, brown
solid dissolves to form a pale yellow liquid. However on slight warming, there
was effervescence of a gas. (04marks)
(d) Hydrogen fluoride can be prepared by reacting calcium fluoride with concentrated
sulphuric acid. However hydrogen bromide cannot be prepared from calcium
bromide and concentrated sulphuric acid. (04marks)
(e) When ammonium thiocyanate solution was added to iron (III) chloride solution,
a red blood solution was formed. (03marks)
8. (a) What is meant by the term ore? (01mark)

(b) Briefly describe how the following ores can be purified.
(i) zinc blende (04marks)
(ii) bauxite (06marks)
(c) Write equation(s) to show how aluminium metal can be extracted from
the purified ore in (b) (ii) above. (1½marks)
(d) Describe how
(i) aluminium reacts with sulphuric acid (05marks)
(ii) zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide. (2½marks)
END

P525/2
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
August 2023
hours.
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATIONS
S5 CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Attempt five questions including three questions from section A
and any two questions from section B.
 Begin each question on a fresh page.
 Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.
 Non programmable scientific electronic calculators may be used.
 Where necessary, use the following values;
- 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm3 at stp;
- molar gas constant (R) is 0.0821 atm dm3K-1

Turnover
Page 1 of 6
KIBUGO
SECTION A
Attempt any three questions in this section.
1. (a) What is meant by the term isotope. (01 mark)
(b) Describe the main steps involved in the operation of a mass

spectrometer. (09 marks)
(c) The table below shows the information from a mass spectrum of a lead
sample
Isotope 204 206 207 208
Detector current (mA) 0.16 2.72 2.5 5.92
Calculate
(i) The relative abundance of the different isotopes of lead in this sample. (02mks)
(ii) The relative atomic mass of lead. (03 marks)
(d) State two advantages of using a mass spectrometer over any other
method of determining R.A.M (02 marks)
(e) The initial count of a radioactive nucleus was 680 per second. After
350seconds, the count rate was 125 per second. Calculate the
(i) decay constant. (01⅟2 marks)
(ii) half-life of the nucleus. (01⅟2 marks)
Page 2 of 6
KIBUGO
2. Complete the following equations and write the accepted mechanism for
each of the reactions.
Excess H𝐵𝑟(g)
(a) CH3 CH2 C ≡ CH → (04 marks)
CH2 CH2 Br
NaOH(aq)
(b) → (02 marks)
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
350 ℃
(c) CH3 CH2 OH + Conc. H3 PO4 → (04 marks)
CH = CH2
CCl4
(d) + 𝐵𝑟2 → (03 marks)
Excess Cl2 /u.v light

(e) CH3CH3 (4 marks)
CH2 CH2 Br
KOH/Ethanol
(f) → (03 marks)
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
3. (a) . The atomic numbers and melting points of some elements in period 3
of the period 3 of the periodic table are shown below.
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Melting point (oc) 98 650 660 1423 44 120 -11
i) Plot a graph of melting point against atomic number. (03 marks)

b). Describe how the elements react with water (12 marks)
Page 3 of 6
KIBUGO
4. (a) (i) What is meant by the term colligative property. (01 mark)
(ii) State any four colligative properties. (02 marks)
(iii) State two limitations of any colligative property. (01 mark)
(b) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the relative

molecular mass of a compound Q by the method of elevation of boiling point
of a liquid. (08 marks)
(c) Explain why the method you have described is not suitable for
determining the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid in aqueous solution.
(03 marks)
(d) A solution of 2.8g of cadmium iodide (𝐶𝑑𝐼2) in 20g of water boiled at
100.2ºC at normal pressure. Calculate the relative molecular mass of
cadmium iodide and comment in your result.
(Kb for water is 0.52ºCmol-1 kg-1 , 𝐶𝑑 = 112; 𝐼 = 127) (05 marks)
SECTION B
Attempt any two questions in this section.
5. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be

synthesised. Indicate the condition(s) for the reaction(s).
CH2CH2Br
(𝑎) CHCH3
to OH (03 marks)
(b) Calcium carbide to ethane-1,2-diol (04 marks)
(c) Ethanol to benzene (04⅟2 marks)
Page 4 of 6
KIBUGO
(d) Ethene to but-1-yne (04⅟2 marks)
(e) CH3Br to CH3COOH (03marks)
6. (a). Data for thermo-energy changes for some processes are shown in the
table below.
Energy process kJmol-1
Atomisation energy of calcium = +178
Ionisation energy of calcium = +590
Second ionisation energy of calcium = +1146
Heat of formation of calcium fluoride = -1220
Electron affinity of fluorine = -328
Bond dissociation energy of fluorine = +242.7
Use the above information and construct an energy level diagram for the
heat of formation of calcium fluoride. (05 marks)
(b) (i) Calculate the lattice energy of calcium fluoride crystal. (02 marks)
(ii) Determine the enthalpy of solution of calcium fluoride.
(Enthalpy of hydration of calcium and fluoride ions are -1587 and -515kJmol-1
respectively) (03 marks)
(c) (i) Define the term enthalpy of solution. (01 mark)

(ii) Using sodium chloride, draw a Born Haber cycle to show how lattice
energy, hydration and enthalpy of solution are related. (03 marks)
(d) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the enthalpy of
solution of sodium chloride. (06 marks)
Page 5 of 6
KIBUGO
7. (a) (i) Write the formula and name of any ore of aluminium (01 mk).
(ii) Describe how pure aluminium can be obtained from the ore
you have named above. (Illustrate your answer with equations
where necessary) (10 marks)
(b) State what would be observed and in each case write the
equation(s) for the reactions between
(i) Hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution and
aluminium powder. (03 marks)
(ii) Sodium carbonate solution and aluminium sulphate
solution (03 marks)
(iii) Magnesium powder in aluminium nitrate solution
Sodium hydroxide solution added to aluminium chloride
solution dropwise until in excess. (03 marks)
8. Explain the following observations
(a) Hexane boils at 680c whereas 2- methylpentane boils at 60.30c yet

the two compounds have the same molecular mass. (04 marks)
(b) propan-1-ol is a liquid whereas propene is a gas both at room

temperature. (04 marks)
(c) Pure water boils at 1000c but when sodium chloride is dissolved in this
water, it boils at a slightly higher temperature. (04 marks)
(d) The atomic radius of sodium atom is 0.156nm while the ionic radius of
sodium ion is 0.095nm. (04 marks)
(e) The first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of

aluminium. (04 marks)
END
Page 6 of 6
KIBUGO
TRINITY COLLEGE NABBINGO
ADVANCED LEVEL ANNUAL CHEMISTRY SEMINAR
3RD EDITION HELD ON SATURDAY 24TH SEPTEMBER 2022
1. An organic compound X contains 60% by mass of carbon, 13.3% by mass of

hydrogen, the rest being oxygen. 0.0725g of X on Vapourisation occupied
396cm3 at 290K and 0.0726 atmosphere pressure.
(a) Calculate:
(i) The empirical formula formular of X
(ii) The molecular formula of X
(b) (i) Write
ite the structural formulae of possible isomers of X
(iii) Which isomer has the lowest boiling point? Give a reason for your
answer
(c) When X was heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution
compound Y was formed. Y formed a yellow precipitate with iodine solution
and sodium hydroxide.
(i) Name compound X and Y
(ii) Write equation to show how the compound below can be prepared
from Y.
H3C
C N OH
H3C
Outline a mechanism for the reaction
(d) Starting with ethene, write equations to show how X can be prepared.
Indicate
cate reagents and conditions for the reaction.
2. Explain each of the following observations and where applicable illustrate your
answer with equation(s)
TCN SEMINAR Page 1

(a) The molecules of trichloromethane, CHCl3 are much more deflected by a
charged rod than those of tetrachloromethane CCl4
(b) Graphite conducts electricity in solid state but sodium chloride does not
(c) The bond angle in a water molecule is 104o while that in hydrogen sulphide
is 92o
(d) When sodium sulphite is added to a solution of aluminium chloride, a white
precipitate if formed and effervescence produced.
3. (a) (i) State the distribution law
(ii) State four conditions under which the distribution law is valid
(b) (i) describe an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of ammonia

between water and trichloromethane
(ii) State four applications of the distribution law
(c) In an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of ammonia between

water and trichloromethane, 50cm3 of aqueous ammonia was shaken with
250cm3 of trichloromethane until equilibrium was established and the number
of moles of ammonia in each layer was determined. The experiment was
repeated several times using aqueous ammonia of different concentration and
results are given in the table below.
Amount of NH3
in 50cm3 of 0.0065 0.0070 0.0095 0.014 0.019 0.025 0.028
water (moles)
Amount of NH3
in 250cm3 of 0.0005 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
CHCl3 (moles)
(i) Plot a graph of molar concentration of ammonia in water against

concentration of ammonia in trichloromethane
(ii) Use your graph to determine the partition coefficient of ammonia
between water and trichloromethane.
4. (a) Describe how sodium hydroxide is prepared on a large scale

(b) Describe the reactions of sodium hydroxide with:
(i) Fluorine
(ii) Silicon(IV) oxide
(iii) Chromium
(c)Explain the reactions that take place when sodium hydroxide solution is
added drop wise until in excess to a solution containing
(i) Aluminium ions
(ii) Manganese(II) ions
5. (a) The atomic numbers of calcium and iron are 20 and 26 respectively. Write
the electronic configuration of the atom of each element
TCN SEMINAR Page 2

(b) The melting points of calcium and iron are 842 oC and 1538 oC respectively.
Explain the difference in melting points
(c) (i) State three properties in which iron differs from calcium
(ii) Describe the reactions that take place during the extraction of iron from
spathic iron ore
(d) Discuss the reactions of iron with
(i) water
(ii) Sulphuric acid
(e) The rusting of iron is an electro-chemical process which takes place in
presence of moist air. Explain the chemical reactions that take place during
rusting of iron
6. Write equations for the following reactions and outline a mechanism for the
reaction
(a) Phenylethene and bromine in the presence of carbon tetrachloride
(b) Iodoethane and sodium hydroxide under heat
(c) Propanone and 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine in acidic medium
(d) 2-bromo-2-methyl propane and sodium ethoxide in the presence of ethanol
under heat
(e) Benzene and chloroethane in the presence of aluminium chloride
7. (a) 1.57g of an organic compound W containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
only on complete combustion yielded 3.64g of carbon dioxide gas and
308.80cm3 of nitrogen gas measured at s.t.p. Determine the empirical formula
of W.
(b) When vapourised, 0.2g of W occupied 87.52 cm3 measured at 100kPa and
27 oC
(i) Determine the molecular formula of W
(ii) Write down the structural formula and IUPAC names of all the
possible isomers of W
(c) When W was reacted with sodium nitrite and dilute sulphuric acid, a yellow
oil was formed.
(i) Identify W
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction
(iii) Write equations to show how W can be synthesized from propna-
1-ol. Indicate reagents and conditions for the reactions.
8. Using equations only show how the following conversions can be effected
TCN SEMINAR Page 3

9. (a) Define the term molar conductivity
(b) The molar conductivities of silver nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium
chloride are 134.0, 143.2 and 140.8 Ω-1cm2mol-1 respectively at infinite dilution
at 25 oC. Calculate the
(i) Molar conductivity of silver chloride at infinite dilution
(ii) Solubility product Ksp of silver chloride at 25oC (The resistances of
conductivity water and that of a saturated solution of silver chloride are
8.22x106 and 2.20 x106 Ω respectively when determined using a cell with a
constant 0.425cm-1).
(c) State two applications of conductance measurements
(d) (i) Define the term standard electrode potential
(ii) Describe how the standard electrode potential of the zinc electrode may be
determined
(e) The stand electrode potentials Eo for some half-cell reactions are given below
(i) Write equations for the reactions which take place at the cathode and
anode of the cell formed by combining the two electrode
TCN SEMINAR Page 4

(ii) Write a notation for the cell formed in (e) (i) and calculate the e.m.f of the
cell.
(iii) State two applications of e.m.f measurements.
10. (a) Define the terms
(i) Activation energy
(ii) Order of reaction
(b) Ethanal decomposes thermally to form methane and carbon monoxide
according to the following equation
Calculate the standard enthalpy of decomposition of ethanal. (The standard

enthalpies of combustion of ethanal, methane and carbon monoxide are -1187,
-884 and -283.5 kJmol-1 respectively).
(c) The activation energy for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed decomposition of
ethanal are136 and 190kJmol-1 respectively.
(i) Draw the reaction profiles using the same axes for catalyzed and uncatalyzed
reactions
(ii) Explain the effect of the catalyst on the rate of decomposition of ethanal
(d) The table below shows the rates of decomposition of ethanal at different
concentrations
Concentration, C (moldm-3) 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Rate (moldm-3S-1) 1.5x10-3 3.37 x10-3 5.98 x10-3 9.35 x10-3
(i) Plot a graph of rate of decomposition against square of concentration

(ii) Deduce the order of reaction
(iii)Write the rate equation and hence calculate the rate constant for the
decomposition of ethanal
(e) Explain what happens to the rate of decomposition of ethanal when the
concentration of ethanal is tripled.
11. The contact process involves catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide
according to the following equation
(a) Name:
(i) One source of sulphur dioxide and one source of oxygen for use in the
contact process
(ii) The catalyst used in the contact process
(b) In a one litre vessel, sulphur dioxide and oxygen were mixed in a molar ratio
2:1at different temperatures. At equilibrium the percentage of sulphur
trioxide in the mixture of gases was 64.7% at 732 oC and 56.0% at 856 oC
(i) Calculate the values of equilibrium constant, Kc at 732 oC and 856
oC
(ii) Explain whether oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide is

endothermic or exothermic reaction
(c) Write equations to show how sulphur trioxide is converted to sulphuric acid
TCN SEMINAR Page 5

(d) Describe the reactions of sulphuric acid and
(i) Ammonium iodide
(ii) Calcium phosphate
(e) Describe how a named detergent can be prepared from sulphuric acid
12. (a) (i) Define the term vapour pressure

(ii) State Raoult’s law of vapour pressure lowering
(b) The vapour pressure of aqueous solutions of glucose containing 9.0g of

water at 27 oC varies with the mass of glucose dissolved as shown in the table
below.
Mass of glucose 0.00 0.45 0.90 1.80 3.60 4.50 7.20
dissolved in 9.0g of water
Vapour pressure of 31.82 31.66 31.50 31.32 30.55 30.23 29.27
solution (mmHg)
(i) Plot a graph of lowering in vapour pressure (∆P) against mass of glucose
dissolved in 9.0g of water
(ii) Use your graph in b(i) above to determine the molar mass of glucose
(iii) State the effect of water on the molecular state of glucose. Give a reason for
your answer using the molar mass calculated in b (ii) above.
(c) One of the limitations of the method of determining relative molecular mass by
freezing point method is that the solute should not associate or dissociate in
solution
(i) State three other limitations of determining molecular mass by freezing point
method
(ii) Explain how association of a solute in solution affects the molecular mass
determined by freezing point method
(d) Describe an experiment that can be carried out to determine the relative
molecular mass of naphthalene in camphor by depression of freezing point method.
(Diagram not required)
(e) A solution containing 0.142g of naphthalene in 20.25g of benzene caused a
lowering of freezing point of 0.284 oC. Calculate the molar mass of naphthalene.
(Cryoscopic constant kf of benzene is 5.12 oC mol-1 kg-1)
13. (a) What is meant by the following?
TCN SEMINAR Page 6

(i) Common ion effect
(ii) Solubility of a salt
(iii) Solubility product
(b) The solubility product of silver phosphate at 25 oC is 1.4 x 10-21 mol-4 dm-12
Calculate the:
(i) Solubility of silver phosphate in gdm-3 at 25 oC
(ii) Molar concentration of silver ions in the saturated solution of

silver phosphate at 25 oC.
(c)(i) Describe an experiment to determine the solubility product of strontium

hydroxide in the laboratory at 25 oC.
(ii) 25 cm3 of a saturated solution of strontium hydroxide at 25 oC were

mixed with 50 cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric acid. The resultant solution was
diluted to 250cm3. 20 cm3 of this solution required 12.55 cm3 of 0.025M
sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein indicator. Calculate
the solubility product of strontium hydroxide at 25 oC.
(d) State two applications of solubility measurements
14. (a) Define the following terms

(i) Oxo-anion
(ii) Disproportionation
(b) Write an equation for the disproportionation of potassium manganate(VI) in
water and state the oxidation states of manganese in each of the species
formed
(c) (i) 25cm3 of a solution made by dissolving 6.4g of Iron(II) oxalate,
FeC2O4.nH2O in 1 dm3 was titrated with 0.02M of acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution. 26.7 cm3 of the potassium manganate(VII) was
required for complete reaction. Determine the value of n.
(ii) 25 cm3 of a solution prepared by dissolving 8.0g of KxHy(C2O4)z.nH2O in one
litre required 23.80 cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide for complete reaction.
Another 25cm3 of the same solution required 31.75cm3 of 0.02M potassium
manganate(VII) for complete reaction. Determine the value of x, y, z and n.
TCN SEMINAR Page 7

(d) Explain the following why during redox titrations, Iron(II) salts are dissolved
in a little sulphuric acid before water is added.
15. Name the reagents which can be used to distinguish between each of the
following pairs of organic compounds. In each, state what is observed if each
member of the pair is treated with the reagent.
OH
OH CH2OH
(a)
and
CH2Cl CH2I
(b) and
O O
(c) H C OH and H3C C OH
(d) C4H4O4 and CH3CH2COOH
CHO CH2CHO
(e) and
NH2 N(CH3)2
(f) and

(i) Transition element
(ii) Complex ion
(b) Explain why Iron(II) ions are readily oxidised to Iron(III) ions whereas
manganese(II) ions are not readily oxidised to Manganese(III) ions
(c) Hydrated chromium(III) chloride, CrCl3.6H2O exhibits hydrate isomerism
(i) Write down its isomers and give the IUPAC names
(ii) How can the isomers be distinguished
(d) When an aqueous solution of chromium(III) chloride is added to sodium
sulphide, a green precipitate and bubbles of a colourless gas that forms a
black precipitate when bubbled through lead(II) ethanoate is given off. Explain
the observation
(e) Discuss the reactions of chromium with sulphuric acid.
TCN SEMINAR Page 8

(i) Standard enthalpy of formation of a substance
(ii) Lattice energy
(iii) Bond energy
(b) The standard heat of formation of phosphorus trichloride is -306kJmol-1.
The atomization energies of chlorine and phosphorus are 242 and 314 kJmol-1
respectively. Draw the Born-Haber cycle and use it to calculate the average
bond energy of P-Cl bond.
(c) Describe an experiment to determine the enthalpy of combustion of sulphur
(d) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction
Given that, the standard enthalpy of combustion of sulphur is -297kJmol-1

and the standard enthalpies of formation of hydrogen sulphide and water are -
20.2 kJmol-1 and -286 kJmol-1 respectively
18. (a) The Table 1 below shows the oxo-acids of chlorine. Complete the table and
use the table to answer the questions that follow
Oxo-acid Structure Shape Oxidation state
of chlorine
HOCl
HClO2
HClO3
HClO4
(b) Arrange the oxo-acids above in order of increasing acidic strength

(c) Explain your answer in (b) above
(d) Table 2 shows acid dissociation constants, Ka, for some acids at 25 oC
Acid Ka (mol dm-3)

HCOOH 1.7 x10-4
CH3COOH 1.7 x10-5
CH3CH2COOH 1.35 x10-5
(i) State the trend in acid strength of the acids in Table 2

(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i)
(iii) Calculate the pH of the solution made by dissolving 7.2g of ethanoic
acid and 12g of sodium ethanoate to make one litre. State any
assumptions made.
TCN SEMINAR Page 9

19. (a) When one mole of a compound P was burnt in excess oxygen, 96000cm3 of
carbon dioxide gas was produced at room temperature. If the empirical formula
of P is CHO, calculate its molecular mass.
(b) Compound P when treated separately with alkaline potassium
manganate(VII) solution and bromine water, both turn colourless. P also
liberates an effervescence of a colourless gas when reacted with sodium
carbonate solution
(i) Identify compound P
(ii) Write an equation of reaction between P and bromine water and suggest a
suitable mechanism for the reaction
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction between P and sodium carbonate
20. The formula of a condensation polymer formed by loss of a water molecule is
shown below
(a) (i) Write the structural formula and give the IUPAC name of the monomers
(ii) Given that polymer is formed by combining 50 monomer units.
Calculate the relative formula mass of the polymer
(b) Describe the reactions of the monomers in a (i) above with each of the
following reagents. Your answer should include conditions for the reaction
and equations of reactions
(i) Sodium hydroxide
(ii) Hydrochloric acid
(iii) Ethanol
(c) Using equations of reactions, show how the monomer in (a)(i) can be:
21. (a) The bond energies of halogen acids are given in the table below
H-X H-F H-Cl H-Br H-I
Bond energy (kJmol-1) 556 431 336 299
(i) Explain the variation in bond energy

(ii) State two properties of the halogen acids whose variation is caused by
the trend in bond energies
(b) Describe the reaction of the halogen acids with
TCN SEMINAR Page 10

(i) Concentrated sulphuric acid
(ii) Sodium carbonate
(c) Concentrated hydrochloric acid is an Azeotropic mixture of composition
36.47% w/w. The density of the Azeotropic is 1.108gcm-3 at 25 oC. 4.5 cm3 of
the Azeotropic mixture were transferred into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask and
diluted up to the mark with distilled water. 20 cm3 of the dilute acid required
20 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution containing 0.3g of the impure salt.
Determine the percentage purity of the impure salt.
END
TCN SEMINAR Page 11

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OLD KAMPALA SSS
A’LEVEL CHEMISTRY SEMINAR QUESTIONS 2022
(1ST OCTOBER 2022 AT 8:00AM)
1. (a) Explain what is meant by the terms;

(i) Lattice energy (2 marks)
(ii) Hydration energy (2 marks)
(iii) Enthalpy of solution (2 marks)
(b) The enthalpy of solution and lattice energy of Potassium Iodide are +21 and -
642kJmol-1 respectively.
(i) Draw an energy diagram to show how the energy terms are related.(2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the hydration energy of Potassium Iodide. (2 marks)
(b) With the aid of a diagram, describe an experiment that can be carried out to
determine the enthalpy of solution of ammonium chloride, write an expression to
show how the enthalpy of solution of ammonium chloride can be calculated from the
results of the experiment. ( 10 marks)
(KAJJANSI PROGRESSIVE SCHOOL)

2. (a) Write equation for the reaction between water and;
(i) Sodium hydride
(ii) Calcium hydride
(iii) Silicon hydride
(iv) Sulphur hydride
(b) (i) Silicon tetrachloride
(ii) Tin tetrachloride
(iii) Lead(IV) chloride
(iv) Tin(II) chloride
(v) Chromium(III) chloride
(ST.NOA GIRLS)
3. (a) Define the terms:
(i) eutectic point (1 mark)
(ii) eutectic mixture (1 mark)
(b) The table below shows the melting points of various mixtures for Lead and Tin
1|Page0K A’Level Chemistry Seminar, 2022

% of Tin 0 20 40 70 80 100
327 280 234 193 206 232
Melting
point (0C)
(i) Draw a fully labeled diagram of tin-lead system (5 marks)

(ii) Determine the eutectic temperature and composition of the eutectic mixture.
(iii) Describe the phase changes which would take place if a liquid mixture
containing 30% tin is cooled from 4000C to 1000C. (5 marks)
(iv) 200g of the liquid mixture of composition 5% Tin was cooled to 2000C.
Determine the composition of the remaining liquid mixture at 2000C and
calculate the mass of lead in the remaining liquid mixture at this temperature .
(5 marks)
(c) State three differences between a eutectic mixture and a pure compound.
(3 marks)
(AGGREY MEMORIAL)
4. (a)Define the term buffer solution (1 mark)
(b) (i) Describe how an acidic buffer solution of pH 3.5 can be prepared using
methanoic acid of pKa value 3.75 (41/2marks)
(ii) Explain how an acidic buffer solution works. (6 marks)
(c) Ethanoic acid ionizes in water according to the following equation.
(i) Write an expression for the ionization constant, Ka for ethanoinc acid.
(ii) Using the expression in (c) (i) , calculate the ratio of the concentration of
ethanoate ions to the concentration of ethanoic acid in a solution of pH 4 and
also in a solution of pH 6. (Ka for ethanioic acid is 1.8x10-5 moldm-3)
(1 mark)
(iii) At which of the two pH values would better buffering occur? Give a reason
for your answer. (2 marks)
(d) State one Biological and one industrial application of buffer solutions.
(2 marks)
(OLD KAMPALA S.S.S)
5. (a) State the distribution law. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how the distribution coefficient of butane-1,4-dioic acid (succinic
acid) between water and ethoxyethane can be determined. (5 marks)

(c) 100cm3 of a solution contains 30g of substance Z. Calculate the mass of Z
extracted by shaking the solution with:
(i) 100cm3 of ethoxyethane (3 marks)
(ii) two 50cm3 portions (5 marks)
(The distribution coefficient of Z between ethoxyethane and water is 5)
(d) Briefly describe how the distribution coefficient can be used to determine the
formula of then complex formed between copper(II) ions and ammonia. (5 marks)
(BISHOPS S.S MUKONO)
6. Complete the following equations and in each case suggest a mechanism for the
reaction
(a)
(b) , 600C
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(STANDARD HIGH SCHOOL ZANA)
7. (a) Write the name and formula of one of the ores from which zinc is extracted
and describe how zinc is extracted from the ore. (8 marks)
(b) Describe using equations the reactions of zinc with;

(i) air
(ii) water
(iii) sodium hydroxide (10 marks)

(c) (i). Explain why zinc is not considered a typical transition metal. (2marks)
(ii) State three ways in which the chemistry of zinc is similar to that of
magnesium. (3 marks)
(d) (i). state what is observed when dilute aqueous ammonia is added dropwise to a
solution containing zinc ions. (1 marks)
(ii) Write equation(s) for the reactions that take place in d(i). (2 marks)
(OLD KAMPALA S.S.S)
8. (a) Explain what is meant by an ideal solution (2 marks)

(b) The vapour pressures of benzene and methyl benzene are 75.2mmHg and
57.0mmHg respectively at 200C. Calculate;
(i) the vapour pressure of a mixture containing 15.6g of benzene and 73.6g of
methyl benzene at 200C. (Assume that the two liquids form an ideal solution)
(4 marks)
(ii) the composition of the vapour above the mixture. (2 marks)
(c) Compound A (boiling point 3720C) and compound B (boiling point 3990C) form an
ideal solution.
(i) Sketch a labeled boiling point/composition diagram. (3 marks)
(ii) Using the diagram, describe and explain how pure B can be obtained from a
mixture containing 50% B.
9. Write notes on the following. (your answer should include suitable examples and
mechanisms for the reaction)
(a) Elimination reaction.
(b) Electrophilic substitution reaction
(c) Electrophilic addition reaction.
(OLD KAMPALA S.S.S, MBALALA SCH)
10. (a) Define the term standard electrode potential.
(b) With the aid of a diagram, briefly describe how the standard electrode
potential of copper can be determined. ( 7 marks)
(c) The standard electrode potentials of copper and zinc are given below;

Write the cell notation for zinc/copper cell and calculate the e.m.f of the cell.
(3 marks)
(d) State two ways in which an electrolytic cell differs from an e.m.f cell.
(2 marks)
(e) A current of 2A was passed for 30 minutes through a cell containing dilute
sulphuric acid and the hydrogen produced at the cathode collected. Calculate
the volume of the hydrogen in cm3 that was produced at 230C and 100kPa.
(6 marks)
(f) State two applications of standard electrode potentials. (2 marks)
(ST NOA GIRLS S.S)
11. Electrode potentials for some half cells are given below.
Half cell
-0.77
-1.33
(a) Write the cell notation for the cell formed when the two half cells are
connected. (1 mark)
(b) Write;
(i) Equations for the half cell and reactions at the anode and cathode.
(2 marks)
(ii) Equations for the overall cell reaction. (1 mark)
(c) (i) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell
(ii) State whether the reaction is feasible or not. Give a reason for your
answer. ( 1mark)
(KASUBI S.S)
12. Write equations to show how the following conversions can be carried out. In
each case, indicate the reagents and conditions for the reactions.
(a) 2-chloropropane to
(b) Nitrobenzene to N N OH
(c) Propan-2-ol to
(d) Ethanol to
(e) Ethene to

(f) to
(g) Calcium dicarbide to
(SEROMA CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOL)
13. (a) Describe one general method for the preparing the halogens (excluding
fluorine) in the laboratory. (31/2marks)
(b) Discuss the reactivity of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine with;
(i) Water (6 marks)
(ii) Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (101/2marks)
(KOLOLO HIGH SCHOOL)
14. The boiling points of hydrides of group(VII) elements are given in the table
below.
Compound HF HCl HBr HI
+19.9 -85.0 -66.7 -35.4

Boiling point (0C)
(a) Explain the trend in the boiling points of the hydrides (5 marks)
(b) Giving reasons, suggest the trend in the acid strength of the hydrides.
(4 marks)
(c) Using equations where possible explain what happens when concentrated
sulphuric acid is mixed with each of the hydrides. (6 marks)
(d) (i) Arrange the following compounds in their order of increasing acid
strength , (1 mark)
(ii) Explain your answer in d(i) (4 marks)
15. (a) When a mixture of water and nitric acid is distilled, a constant boiling point
mixture containing 68% nitric acid is obtained at 1200C. (The boiling points of
pure water and nitric acid are 1000C and 830C respectively)
(i) Define the term Constant boiling mixture (azeotropic mixture).
(ii) Draw a boiling point-composition diagram for the mixture of nitric acid
and water. (5 marks)
(iii) Explain the shape of your diagram. (4 marks)
(iv) Describe what would happen if a mixture containing less than 60% nitric
acid was fractionally distilled. (3 marks)

(b) A constant boiling mixture of nitric acid and water has density of 1.42gcm-3.
Calcualte the volume of the acid needed to prepare one litre of 2M nitric acid
solution. ( 3 marks)
(STANDARD HIGH SCHOOL ZANA, KASUBI S.S)
16. (a)Describe the spectrum of hydrogen. (use a diagram to illustrate) (7 marks)

(b) Explain how the spectrum of hydrogen;
(i) is formed. (4 marks)
(ii) provides evidence for the existence of energy levels (7 marks)
(a) The frequency of hydrogen at the point of ionization is 3.28x1015 Hz.
Calculate the ionization energy of hydrogen. (Plank’s constant = 6.6x10-34 Js)
(OLD KAMPALA S.S.S, AGGREY MEMORIAL)
17. Discuss the reactivity of group(IV) elements (Carbon, silicon, Germanium, Tin
and lead) of the periodic table with
(a) Water (4 marks)
(b) Concentrated acids (6 marks)
(c) Sodium hydroxide (6 marks)
(d) Dilute acids (4 marks)
(BISHOPS S.S MUKONO)
26. Berryllium, Magnesium, Calcium and Barium are some of the elements that
belong to group (II) of the periodic table.
a) Describe giving conditions for the reactions of the elements with:
i) water
ii) sulphuric acid
[illustrate your answers with the equations]
(b) Giving reasons, state how the solubilities of;
(i) hydroxides
(ii) sulphates , vary down the group.
(KASUBI S.S)
27. (a) State four properties in which beryllium differs from other elements of
group (II) of the periodic table.
(b) State four reasons why beryllium differs from the rest of the elements in
group(II) of the periodic table.
(c) i) Name the reagent that can be used to distinguish between Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions.

(ii) State what would be observed and write equation(s) for the reactions that
would take place if the reagent you have named in c(i) was separately treated with
Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions.
(KASUBI S.S)
28. (a) Define the term relative atomic mass.
(b) Explain how the relative atomic mass can be determined can be determined by a
mass spectrometer.
(c) The mass spectrum of an element A contained four lines at mass/charge of 204,
206, 207 and 208 with detector currents (mA) of 0.16, 2.72, 2.50 and 5.92
respectively. Calculate;
i) the relative abundance of the different isotopes in the sample of

element A.
ii) the relative atomic mass of A.
29. (a) State what is meant by the following terms “order of reaction” and “half life of
a reaction”.
(b) A compound B shows the concentration of B at various times.
Time (minutes) 2.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 14.0 20.0
0.820 0.67 0.49 0.372 0.24 0.141

concentration of B (moll-1) [B]
Draw a graph of log10[B] against time. (03 marks)

(c) Using the graph, determine the;
i) Order of the reaction
ii) Rate constant for the reaction
iii) Half-life for the reaction.
(KAJJANSI PROGRESSIVE S.S)
30. (a) What is meant by steam distillation.

(b) (i) State three properties of a substance that enable it to be purified by steam
distillation.
(ii) Explain how the properties you have stated in b(i) enable the substance to
be purified by steam distillation.
(i) State two advantages of isolating substances by steam distillation.
(c) The vapour pressure of water VPH20 and that of substance A (VPA) at different
temperatures are given in the table below.
Temperature (0C) 20 40 60 80 100
0.22 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.39
VPH2O (atm)
0.35 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.63
VPA(atm)
i) On the same axes, plot graphs of vapour pressure against temperature for
water and substance A. (4marks)
ii) When substance A was distilled in steam at 1atm pressure the temperature of
distillation was 970C and the distillate obtained contained 4.3g of substance A
and 1.1g of water using your graph in c(i). Calculate the relative molecular mass
of substance A. ( 4 marks)
31. (a) The molar conductivity of sodium hydroxide solutions of different

concentrations are shown in the table below.
Concentration/ moldm-3 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.36
Molar conductivity, 238 230 224 217 210 202

-1 2 -1
Ω cm mol
i) Draw a graph of molar conductivity against square root of concentration.

(4 marks)
iii) Determine the value of molar conductivity at infinite dilution of sodium
hydroxide and indicate its units.
Using the same conductivity cell, the resistance of a 0.1M Potassium Chloride
solution and 0.1M bromoethanoic acid solution were found to be 24.96 and 66.50
Ohms respectively at 250C when determined using the same conductivity cell.
[The Conductivity of Potassium Chloride at 250C is 0.01164 Ω-1cm-2 and the
molar conductivity of bromoethanoic acid at infinite dilution is 389 Ω-1cm2mol-1]
i) Calculate the cell constant. (2 marks)
ii) Calculate the molar conductivity of the 0.1M bromoethanoic acid. (3 marks)

iii) Determine the pH of 0.1M bromoethanoic acid. (4 marks)
(ST NOA GIRLS S.S)
32. (a) The table below shows the result of partitioning aminoethane between
trichloromethane and 0.1M Copper(II) Sulphate solution.
[CH3NH2 (0.1M CuSO4)] 0.87 1.10 1.33 1.57 1.80
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
[CH3NH2 (CHCL3)]
i) Plot a graph of [CH3NH2(0.1M CuS04)] versus [CH3NH2(CHCL3)]

ii) Determine the number of moles of aminoethane that has formed a complex with
copper(II) ion.
(b) Write the equation for the reaction between copper(II) ions and
aminoethane.
33. (a) Explain what is meant by the term electronegativity.
(b) State the factors that determine the value of electronegativity of an element.
(c) Explain how the factors you stated in (b) affect the value of electronegativity.
(d) The table below of some elements and their electron affinities.
Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
2.0 -6.7 3.0 13.5 6.0 20.0 36.4
Electron affinitiesKJmol-1
i) Draw a graph of electron affinities versus atomic number.

ii) Explain the shape of the graph.
(KAJJANSI PROGRESSIVE, MBALALA SCH MUKONO)
34. Describe how these conversions can be effected. Equations are not required;
a) Propanol to ethanol (51/2marks)
b) Ethyne to benzoic acid (4 marks)
c) Butanoic acid to butan-2-ol (51/2marks)
d) Ethanol to propan-2-ol (5 marks)
(KASUBI S.S)
35. a) Differentiate between soap and soapless detergents. (2 marks)
b) Write equations to show how alkyl benzene sulphonate can be prepared from
octadecan-1-ol, CH3(CH2)16CH2OH ( 6 marks)
c) Explain why the following compounds are added to soapless detergents;
(i) polyphosphates (2 marks)
(ii) sodium sulphate (2 marks)
10 | P a g e 0 K A ’ L e v e l C h e m i s t r y S e m i n a r , 2 0 2 2
(BISHOPS HIGH SCHOOL MUKONO)
36. a) Write equations to show how the following compounds can be prepared.
i) Phenylamine (4 marks)
ii) Ethalymine (aminoethane)
b) Which one of phenylamine and ethylamine is a stronger base? Explain your

answer. (3 marks)
(ST NOA GIRLS S.S)
37. a) Write equations for each of the compounds Phenylamine and ethyl amine
reacting with;
i) ethanoyl chloride
ii) acidified sodium nitrite at 50C
b) (i) Write a mechanism for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with ethylamine.
(3marks)
ii) How can the reaction in b(i) be used to distinguish between phenylamine and
ethylamine. (1 mark)
c) Phenylamine can be converted to benzene diazonium chloride, write equations
(reagents and conditions to be given) for the conversion of diazonium salt into
(i) iodobenzene
(ii) benzoic acid
(iii)an azo-dye
38. (a) Aluminium can be extracted from bauxite, which is impure hydrated aluminium
oxide. Describe how,
(i) Pure aluminium oxide is obtained from bauxite. (10 marks)
(ii) aluminium is obtained from pure aluminium oxide (31/2marks)
(Your answer should include equations)
(b) Discusss the reactions of aluminium with hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and
nitric acid (31/2marks)
(c) Explain why aluminium utensils should not be washed using soap solutions.
(3 marks)
*END*
11 | P a g e 0 K A ’ L e v e l C h e m i s t r y S e m i n a r , 2 0 2 2

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SECTION A

Attempt any three questions in this section.

1. (a) What is meant by the term isotope. (01 mark)

(b) Describe the main steps involved in the operation of a mass

Isotope 204 206 207 208

Detector current (mA) 0.16 2.72 2.5 5.92

Excess Cl2 /u.v light

Melting point (oc) 98 650 660 1423 44 120 -11

i) Plot a graph of melting point against atomic number. (03 marks)

(iii) State two limitations of any colligative property. (01 mark)

(b) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the relative

5. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be

(b) Calcium carbide to ethane-1,2-diol (04 marks)

(c) Ethanol to benzene (04⅟2 marks)

(e) CH3Br to CH3COOH (03marks)

(c) (i) Define the term enthalpy of solution. (01 mark)

8. Explain the following observations

(a) Hexane boils at 680c whereas 2- methylpentane boils at 60.30c yet

(b) propan-1-ol is a liquid whereas propene is a gas both at room

(e) The first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of

WAKISSHA JOINT MOCK EXAMINATIONS

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 Turn 1Over

Answer three questions from this section.

1. (a) Phenolphthalein can be used as an acid- base indicator.

Determine the approximate pH working range for phenolphthalein.

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 2

(iv) ─𝑁(𝐶𝐻3 )2 and ─𝑁𝐻𝐶𝐻3 (04marks)

8. (a) What is meant by the term ore? (01mark)

© WAKISSHA Joint Mock Examinations 2018 4

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

Time: 2 hours 30 minutes.

 Attempt five questions including three questions from section A

and any two questions from section B.

 Begin each question on a fresh page.

 Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.

 Non programmable scientific electronic calculators may be used.

 Where necessary, use the following values;

- 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm3 at stp;

- molar gas constant (R) is 0.0821 atm dm3K-1

1. (a) What is meant by the term isotope. (01 mark)

(b) Describe the main steps involved in the operation of a mass

Isotope 204 206 207 208

Detector current (mA) 0.16 2.72 2.5 5.92

Excess Cl2 /u.v light

Melting point (oc) 98 650 660 1423 44 120 -11

i) Plot a graph of melting point against atomic number. (03 marks)

(iii) State two limitations of any colligative property. (01 mark)

(b) Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the relative

5. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be

(b) Calcium carbide to ethane-1,2-diol (04 marks)

(c) Ethanol to benzene (04⅟2 marks)

(e) CH3Br to CH3COOH (03marks)

(c) (i) Define the term enthalpy of solution. (01 mark)

8. Explain the following observations

(a) Hexane boils at 680c whereas 2- methylpentane boils at 60.30c yet

(b) propan-1-ol is a liquid whereas propene is a gas both at room

(e) The first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of

ADVANCED LEVEL ANNUAL CHEMISTRY SEMINAR

3RD EDITION HELD ON SATURDAY 24TH SEPTEMBER 2022

1. An organic compound X contains 60% by mass of carbon, 13.3% by mass of

TCN SEMINAR Page 1

(b) (i) describe an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of ammonia

(ii) State four applications of the distribution law