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525/2
S6 CHEMISTRY
Exam 23
PAPER 2
DURATION: 2 HOUR 30 MINUTES

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Instructions

The paper consists of two sections A and B

Attempt any three questions from section A and not more than any two from section B on the
answer sheets provided.
Begin each answer to a question on a fresh sheet of paper
Illustrate your answer with equations whenever possible.

SECTION A:
Attempt any three questions from this section

1. Explain the following observations:

(a) Calcium carbonate is less soluble in water than calcium chloride (3 marks)

(b) The salts of group I elements are generally more soluble than those of the corresponding
group II salts (6 marks)

(c) The melting point of Aluminium oxide is higher than that for Aluminium chloride
((3 marks)

(d) The basic strengths of aminobenzene, ammonia and dimethylamine are in the order
(6 marks)
NH2
NH3 (CH3)2NH

(e) 0.01M aqueous sodium nitrate and 0.02M Fructose freeze at the same temperature
(2 marks)

2. (a) A solution containing 20g of a polymer Y in one litre of a solvent exerts an osmotic pressure
of 1,4 mmHg at 25oC
(i) Explain what is meant by the term Osmosis (3 marks)
(ii) Calculate the molecular mass of Y (4 marks)
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(iii) Determine the number of monomer units in Y, given that the molecular formula of the
monomer is CNCH = CH2 (3 marks)

(b) (i) Explain the process of steam distillation (Diagram not required) (5 marks)
o
(ii) When a substance A was distilled at 93 C and 750mmHg, the distillate contained
56% of A by mass. Calculate the relative molecular mass of A
(The partial vapour pressure of water at 93oC is 654mmHg) (5 marks)

3. Using equations only, show how the following conversions could be carried out
(a) OH O
NO2 from CH3 – C – CH3 (5 marks)

(b) CH3CH2COCl from CH3CH2OH (4 marks)

(c) CH3CH2CH2I to CH3CH3 (4 marks)

(d) CH3CH2CH2I to CH3CH2NH2 (4 marks)

(e) to CH2OH (3 marks)

4. (a) State Le Chatelier’s principle (3 marks)

(b) The decomposition of Dinitrogen tetraoxide is represented by the Equilibrium

equation
N2O4(g) 2NO2 (g) H(298K) = +61.5Kjmol –1

Explain what happens to the value of the equilibrium constant Kp and position of
equilibrium on
(i) change in temperature (4 marks)
(ii) change in pressure (4 marks)
(iii) the presence of a catalyst (3 marks)

(c) (i) Calculate Kp for the above equilibrium if 30% of the N2O4 is associated at 310K and 1.0
x 105Pa pressure. (3 marks)
(ii) At what pressure would the dissociation reach 50% at the same temperature?
(3 marks)

SECTION B:
Attempt any two questions from this section

5. (a) Differentiate between order and molecularity of a reaction (5 marks)

(b) Ethylethanoate iondergous the following hydrolysis in alkaline conditions
CH3CO2C2H5 + OH – CH3CO2 – + C2H5OH

The data below were obtained from a series of experiments, conducted at constant
temperatures.
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[CH3CO2C2H5] [OH– ] initial rate of reaction

{moldm–3} {moldm–3} {moldm–3 S–1 }
6.4 x 10 – 2 6.4 x 10 – 2 8.00 x 10 – 4
3.2 x 10 – 2 12.8 x 10 – 2 8.00 x 10 – 4
1.6 x 10 – 2 12.8 x 10 – 2 4.00 x 10 – 4

Determine the order of the reaction with respect to

(i) [OH– ] (3 marks)

(ii) [CH3CO2C2H5] (3 marks)

(c) (i) Write the rate equation for the alkaline hydrolysis of ethylethanoate (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the value of the rate constant and state its units (2 marks)

(d) Propanone reacts with iodine in the presence of an acid catelyst according to the equation
below
CH3COCH3 + I2 CH3CO CH2I + HI
Describe briefly how the order of the reaction with respect to iodine can be determined.
(6 marks)

6. Write noes on the following:

(include in your answer suitable examples and mechanisms for reaction in each case)
(a) Electrophilic substitution Reaction
(b) Electrophilic addition Reaction
(c) Elimination Reaction
(20 marks)
7. The boiling points of the hydrides of group (VII) elements are given to the table below
Compound HF HCl HBr HI
Boiling point (oC) 19.9 – 85.0 –66.7 –35.4

(a) Explain the trend in the boiling point of the hydrides (4 marks)
(b) Giving reasons suggest the trend in the acid strength of the hydrides (4 marks)
(c) Write equations to compare the reactions of fluorine and chlorine when they
separately react with
(i) hot concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide (3 marks)
(ii) cold dilute solution of sodiumhydroxide (3 marks)

(d) Explain the trend in the melting points of the elements in group (VII) of the periodic table
(5 marks)

END OF PAPER
GOOD LUCK

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