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LESSON 1: THERMODYNAMICS
(SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY)
TEST YOURSELF
1. Use the given standard entropy values to calculate the standard entropy change to convert
hydrogen chloride to chlorine in the given reaction:
4HCl(g) + O2(g) → 2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g)
4. From the following ∆H and ∆S values, predict whether the reaction would be spontaneous. If
not, at what temperature might the reaction become spontaneous?
∆H = -126 kJ ∆S = 84 J/K
You have learned that in all spontaneous processes, the entropy of the universe
always increases. What does this mean for the future of Earth as well as for the future of
the universe?